Future RIB facilities

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Cuthbert Anderson
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Laboratory of TU München and LMU München for Nuclear-, Particle-, and

1 Future RIB facilities (RIB= radioactive ion beam / rare isotope beam) Reiner Krücken Physik Department E12 Technische Universität München Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory of TU München and LMU München for Nuclear-, Particle-, and Accelerator-Physics DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe

2 Exotic nuclei and explosive nucleosynthesis J.J. Cowan, C. Sneden, Nature ( 2006)

3 In Flight (IF) heavy ions di driver accelerator -fusion or -fission -fragmentation reactor thin target Isotope Separator On Line (ISOL) light and heavy ions, n, e -spallation -fission -fusion -fragmentation high-temperature thick target fragment separator storage ring gas cell ~ ms ion source mass separator post accelerator GeV eventually slowed down μs experiment detectors spectrometers... mev to 100 MeV/u ms to several s good beam quality From Mark Huyse 3

4 Nuclear Astrophysics at RIB facilities Stopped beams (all RIB facilities) Ground state properties w/ traps and lasers (Masses, Spins, Moments, charge radii) Decays properties (Half-life, GT-strength, P n -values, proton decay branch) Reaccelerated beams (ISAC/ARIEL, HIE-ISOLDE, SPIRAL2, NSCL ReA3) Direct measurement of reaction cross-sections and resonance properties Indirect methods: Trojan horse, surrogate reactions (d,pγ) for (n,γ) Fast beams (NSCL / FRIB, GSI / FAIR, RIBF, GANIL) Furthest reach out to very short lived nuclei, e.g. along r-process Matter radii e.g. via reaction cross-sections GT strength from charge exchange reactions (t, 3 He), ( 7 Li, 7 Be) Indirect methods to measure resonance properties p and cross-sections Coulomb dissociation (γ,n), (γ,p) and nuclear breakup reactions Storage ring: Masses from single ions, Mass surface Reaction studies: e.g. charge exchange & capture,

5 World view of rare isotope facilities Black production in target Magenta in-flight production courtesy B. Sherrill

ISAC I & II @ TRIUMF (today) ISAC: 2 nd generation facility highest power on target for on-line facilities up to

3 AMeV Astrophysics Highlights @ ISAC achieved: State-of-the-art facilities for Nuclear Astrophysics, Nuclear

TRINAT EDM DRAGON: (novae) 21 Na(p,γ) 22 Mg, 26g Al(p,γ) 27 Si, 23 Mg(p,γ) 24 Al, 33 S(p,γ) 34 Cl (SN) 40 Ca(α,γ) 44

6 ISAC I & TRIUMF (today) ISAC: 2 nd generation facility highest power on target for on-line facilities up to 100μA of 500MeV p ISAC I: 60 kev & 1.3 AMeV ISAC II: up to 4.3 AMeV Astrophysics ISAC achieved: State-of-the-art facilities for Nuclear Astrophysics, Nuclear Structure, & Fundamental Symmetries: DRAGON TUDA EMMA 8Pi HERACLES TIGRESS TACTIC Laser Spectroscopy TITAN DSL TRINAT EDM DRAGON: (novae) 21 Na(p,γ) 22 Mg, 26g Al(p,γ) 27 Si, 23 Mg(p,γ) 24 Al, 33 S(p,γ) 34 Cl (SN) 40 Ca(α,γ) 44 Ti (quiescent) 12 C(α,γ) 16 O (s-proc.) 17 O(α,γ) 21 Ne TUDA: (novae) 21 Na(p,p) 21 Na, 18 F(p,α) 15 O DSL: (XRB) 19 Ne* lifetimes via DSAM TIGRESS: (novae): 20,2121 Na Coulex J. Dilling

7 TRIUMF/ISAC future ( ) 3 RIB in parallel New isotopes & more target and source developments. MORE experiments New proton spallation beam line on UC Photo-fission on U-target

8 TRIUMF/ISAC future ( ) 3 RIB in parallel New isotopes & more target and source developments. MORE experiments (p,γ)/(α,γ)/(p,α)/(α,p) reactions for novae/xrb/snii more power for spallation eg e.g. 18 Ne(α,p), 30 P(p,γ), 25 Al(p,γ), 17 F(p,γ), 11 C(p,γ), 13 N(p,γ),,. AND new target stations for more target & ion source development Neutron-rich studies: TITAN mass measurements for S n, Q β (d,p) for (n,γ) using EMMA/TIGRESS/SHARC for structure studies of r-process nuclei

TRIUMF/ISAC future (2010-2020) 3 RIB in parallel New isotopes & more target and

9 TRIUMF/ISAC future ( ) 3 RIB in parallel New isotopes & more target and source developments. MORE experiments electron LINAC funded!! final goal: 500 kw

10 RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) Old facility RIPS GARIS SHE (eg. Z=113) 60~100 MeV/nucleon RILAC AVF frc RRC IRC SRC Experiment facility Accelerator ZeroDegree SLOWRI To be funded In phase II SCRIT SAMURAI RI-ring CRIB (CNS) BigRIPS SHARAQ New facility Intense (80 kw max.) H.I. beams (up to U) of 345AMeV at SRC Fast RI beams by projectile fragmentation and U-fission at BigRIPS Operation since 2007 Courtesy T. Motobayashi

New Devices of RIBF SHARAQ spectrometer t U

beams available at RIBF Rare RI ring for several

excited states deformation charge radii to be

distribution matter distribution IRC-to-RIPS BT

astrophysical reactions giant resonances exotic

11 New Devices of RIBF SHARAQ spectrometer t U Tokyo To maximize the potentials of intense RI beams available at RIBF Rare RI ring for several species mass ZeroDegree half-life excited states deformation charge radii to be funded matter radii SLOWRI charge distribution matter distribution IRC-to-RIPS BT to be funded EM moments single particle states astrophysical reactions giant resonances exotic modes to be funded SAMURAI HI collisions (EOS) SCRIT

12 New isotope search using a 238 U beam at BigRIPS U-beam intensity (averaged) Nov ~1.8 x 10 9 (Nov. 2008) 4 x 10 7 pps (2007) decay studies Unknown Pd Pd (Z=46) Pd (~2200 events) 126 Pd (~300 events) 127 Pd(new) 128 Pd(new) Onishi et al., JPSJ 79 (10) Motobayashi, Kubo

13 New isotope search using a 238 U beam at BigRIPS U-beam intensity (averaged) Nov ~1.8 x 10 9 (Nov. 2008) 4 x 10 7 pps (2007) decay studies Unknown Pd Pd (Z=46) 3 45 more new isotopes (Z=25-56) 56) 125 Pd (~2200 events) 126 Pd (~300 events) 127 Pd(new) 128 Pd(new) Onishi et al., JPSJ 79 (10) Motobayashi, Kubo

Decay curves & new half-lives Event by event association between RI

hours Low implantation rate : 5 ~ 10 cps Nb Zr Preliminary i Mo Tc

14 Decay curves & new half-lives Event by event association between RI implantation and beta-decay STOP Detector ( Decay experiment ) 8 hours Low implantation rate : 5 ~ 10 cps Nb Zr Preliminary i Mo Tc 1000 Confirmation of known decay 99Rb curves Preliminary 99 Rb T 1/2 = 50.3 ms time (ms) Sr Rb Kr Y Data is under analysis Courtesy T. Motobajashi, S. Nishimura

15 NuSTAR at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Primary Beams protons to Uranium ( pps) up to 1.5 A.GeV beam energy Factor over present intensity Future Facility GSI today Secondary Beams Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams e nucleus and Antiproton nucleus collider Broad range of radioactive beams up to factor in intensity over present Antiprotons

NuSTAR Experiments LEB experiments: HISPEC: In-Flight Spectroscopy

Trap Assisted Spectroscopy) LASPEC: LASER Spectroscopy (Spins,

Radioactive Beams in complete kinematics ILIMA Masses and Half-lives

16 NuSTAR Experiments LEB experiments: HISPEC: In-Flight Spectroscopy DESPEC: Decay Spectroscopy py MATS: Penning trap system (Masses, Trap Assisted Spectroscopy) LASPEC: LASER Spectroscopy (Spins, Moments, isotope shifts) Super-FRS R 3 B Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams in complete kinematics ILIMA Masses and Half-lives for short-lived ions EXL Reactions on internal target ELISe Electron Ion Collider

17 ILIMA Super-FRS+CR/NESR enables unique program for mass and lifetime measurements of very short lived, few-electron ions large areas of the r-process path can be covered

18 (p,γ) or (α,γ) rates from storage ring R. Reifarth, M. Heil, P. Woods

19 Decay of 100 Sn ~ Sn observed (1/hour) Several new isotopes discovered: ( 99 Sn), 97 In, 95,96 Cd information on GT strength & rp-process log ft = 2.54 ± 0.20 NDS 1998 log ft GSI FRS + RISING gamma spectrometer + SIMBA implantation detector (TUM) A. Stolz et al., 2001 A. Bobyk & W. Kaminski, 2000 Smallest known log ft value!! Ch. Hinke, K. Eppinger, Th. Faestermann, K. Steiger, R.K.

20 Dipole Excitations of Neutron-Rich Nuclei LAND collaboration A. Klimkiewicz, PRC P. Adrich, PRL 95 (2005) 124 Sn Photoabsorption Coulomb excitation 130 Sn P. Ring et al. 132 Sn EOS

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GSI Future Facility CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter with heavy ion beams: QCD phase diagram Plasma Physics: Warm Dense

21 The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GSI Future Facility CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter with heavy ion beams: QCD phase diagram Plasma Physics: Warm Dense Plasmas, Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities PANDA: Hadron Spectroscopy, Hypernuclei production with high energy Antiprotons SPARC: atomic physics with stored highly charged atoms

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GSI Future Facility PANDA: Hadron Spectroscopy, Hypernuclei production with high energy Antiprotons October 4, 2010: Signature of convention Foundation of

22 The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GSI Future Facility PANDA: Hadron Spectroscopy, Hypernuclei production with high energy Antiprotons October 4, 2010: Signature of convention Foundation of FAIR GmbH Start of Experiments 2017/18 CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter with heavy ion beams: QCD phase diagram Plasma Physics: Warm Dense Plasmas, Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities SPARC: atomic physics with stored highly charged atoms

23 Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB Driver LINAC capable of E/A 200 MeV for all ions, P beam 400 kw Early date for completion is in 2017 Upgrade options (tunnel can house E/A = 400 MeV uranium driver linac, ISOL, multi-user capability ) courtesy B. Sherrill

24 Experimental Areas FRIB experimental areas build on existing NSCL equipment and accelerators Fast beam experimental areas exist Stopped beam area exists relocation and expansion in 2009 ReA3 commissioning in 2010 (plus new 9,000 sq ft experimental area) Space for FRIB and future expansions Gas stoppers Solid stoppers SECAR Separator for Nuclear Astrophysics courtesy B. Sherrill

SN Ia: nucleosynthesis, flame propagation M.E.Howard et al.

25 How Do Supernovae Explode? Electron capture and beta decay rates play important roles in supernova explosions Core collapse SN: dynamics of collapse, shock energetics SN Ia: nucleosynthesis, flame propagation M.E.Howard et al., PRC78, (2008) Measure of Gamow-Teller strengths via charge exchange Stable isotopes: ( 3 He,t) or (t, 3 He) NSCL: ~10 7 t/s from fragmentation of 16 O Rare isotopes: inverse kinematics (p,n) n)or( 7 Li, 7 Be) Co ounts 7 Li target 34 P S800 1 / 2 - ΔS=1 γ γ-tag spin-flip transition 3 7 / 2 - Be SeGA 7 Li 3 / 2 - courtesy B. Sherrill

26 Reach for X-ray burst reaction rate studies 10 >10 rp-process direct (p,γ) direct (p,α) or (α,p) transfer key reaction rates can be indirectly measured (p,p), some transfer including 72 Kr waiting point most reaction rates up to ~Sr can be directly measured All reaction rates up to ~Ti can be directly measured courtesy B. Sherrill

27 FRIB Capability to address r-process 82 Asymmetry dependence d of fission barriers (d,p) for (n,γ) NSCL experiments including 78 Ni Known β-decay N=126 RISAC benchmark 82 (70) Yb (69) Tm (68) Er (67) Ho FRIB FRIB reach for 50 (66) Dy Masses β-decay properties reach courtesy B. Sherrill

28 Solar System r-process Abundance Pattern Today: except in a few cases (blue) can output of models be matched measured abundances. The next generation RIB facilities will allow one to constrain r-process theories using abundance data extract full information about r-process (and its environment) from observational data today Existing facilities FRIB+ FAIR+ RIA RIBF A colored dot means that the relevant nuclear data (mass, half-life, P(β n )) could be measured. courtesy B. Sherrill

29 Conclusion Current RIB facilities substantial contributions to understanding of the origin of the elements However: limited reach and precision Next generation facilities, in particular RIBF, FAIR, FRIB Complementary capabilities Reaching the r-process path, in particular in heavy nuclei Higher intensities for precision experiments closer to stability Breakthroughs h in our understanding di of the origin i of the elements Exciting gprogress possible through close cooperation between astronomical observation, astrophysical modeling and nuclear physics theory and experiments

FAIR. Reiner Krücken for the NUSTAR collaboration

FAIR. Reiner Krücken for the NUSTAR collaboration NUSTAR @ FAIR Reiner Krücken for the NUSTAR collaboration Physik Department E12 Technische Universität München & Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory for Nuclear and Particle Physics NUSTAR @ FAIR Nuclear Structure