Biosynthesis of Silver Nano-particle from Four Medicinally Important Taxa in South West Bengal, India

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1 Nano Vision, Vol. 5(11), , November 2015 (An International Research Journal of Nano Science & Technology), ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Biosynthesis of Silver Nano-particle from Four Medicinally Important Taxa in South West Bengal, India Debasree Ghosh, Sk Md Abu Imam Saadi, Amal Kumar Mondal and Sanjukta Mondal (Parui) * Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore , West Bengal, INDIA. debasree.ghosh6@gmail.com; amalcaebotvu@gmail.com * Department of Zoology, Lady Brabourne College, P1/2, Suhrawardy Avenue, Kolkata , West Bengal, INDIA. sanjuktaparui@gmail.com. (Received on: November 14, 2015) ABSTRACT Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are important materials have been studied extensively. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from plants has an important role in biomedical science and drug discovery application. In this investigation, we just try to biosynthesis of the silver nanopartical from leaf of four plants like Passiflora vitifolia, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis in room temperature (35 0 C). Silver nanopartical present in leaf of four plants confirmed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer in 450nm. The average size of the AgNPs confirmed by PAS. FTIR measurement was carried out to identify the other possible biomolecules like alkenes, proteins, chlorides etc. This study may be helpful to improve the study of seed germination and seedling growth in seeds especially in dormant seeds in future. Keywords: Silver nanopartical; Medicinal Plants. 1. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics and agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently one of the most widely commercially used nanomaterial s (Chen and Schluesener, 2008). The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are still under investigation. An eco friendly green mediated synthesis of inorganic nanoparticle is a fast 305

2 growing research in the limb of nanotechnology (Sathya et al. 2012). The biosynthesis method employing plant extracts have drawn attention as a simple and variable alternative to chemical procedures an physical methods. Bio-reduction of silver nano-particles using living plants, geranium leaf, neem leaf (Nagajoti et al. 2011). Passiflora and Albizzia leaf extract has been used as a traditional medicine against various diseases. Besides this Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis has commercial value also. Albizia lebbeck leaves have alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and saponins which have therapeutic value (Rahul et al., 2010). Ethnobotanical data revealed that preparations from different parts of Acacia spp. have been applied for diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory diseases in the traditional medicine (Gupta and Mishra, 2002; Bhatt et al., 2003). Pharmacological researches have demonstrated cytotoxic, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anti-parasitic activities (Ghosh et al., 1996; Popoca et al., 1998; Arora et al., 2003). Besides, Acacia members are popularly called as wattle and have also been employed in the development of adhesives, food additives, demulcents and emollients (Muhammad et al., 1998). The medicinal values of plants lie in their component phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds, which produce a definite physiological action on the human body (Hill, 1952). The synthesis of ecofriendly silver nanopartical from plant latex is one of the efficient tool for phylogenetic analysis (Mondal, et al. 2011). Here we report for first time biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, reducing silver ions present in the leaf extracts of four plant taxa. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Collection of Plant Material Passiflora vitifolia, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium leaves were collected from Vidyasagar University campus, Midnapore, India and washed thoroughly with distilled water. Leaves were then put into hot air oven with temperature maintain C for three days and dried leaves were ground by morter and pestle. The powder stored in a air tight container for further use Preparation of Plant Extract The 1gm leaf powder was weighed and mixed with 10ml distilled water. The mixture was ground with the help of morter and pestle. Then the mixture was poured in a test tube and boiled in water bath for 10 min at 60 0 C. Then the mixture was filtered and filtrate used as a plant extract Preparation of Silver Nitrate solution 1mM Silver Nitrate solution was prepared by using 100ml distilled water Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Plant Extract 306

3 90ml of 1mM AgNO 3 was taken in conical flask and 1ml of plant extract was added to it. Then the mixture was stirred by glass rod for 15min and then incubated in normal temperature for 3h Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles UV-VIS spectroscopy: After 3h incubation small amount of aliquot was diluted using distilled water (1:9). Then biosynthesized Ag+ nanoparticles were measured by the UV-VIS spectrum analysis (UV-VIS 3600). PSA analysis: The PSA analysis was carried out for the sample for determination of nanoparticles size (Malvern Nano-JS 90). FTIR analysis: The dried sample was mixed with potassium bromide crystals and the sample was then characterized by FTIR for size conformation. The FTIR spectrum (Perkin Elmer- Spectrum 21) was obtained in the mid IR region of cm-1. It is an important technique for identification and characterization of a substance. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The brownish grey colour change was observed after 3h incubation which revealed that a clear indication of the formation of silver nanoparticles in reaction mixture UV-VIS spectroscopy The sample was observed under UV-VIS spectrophotometer for its maximum absorbance and wavelength to confirm the reduction of Silver nitrate. AgNO 3 particles are known to exhibit a UV-Visible absorption maximum in the range of nm due to this property (Sastry, 1997). All of the plant materials showed that the maximum peak was found between nm (Fig.1.) PSA analysis Particle Size Analyser shows that the size range of the synthesized nanoparticles are 40.93nm in Passiflora vitifolia, (Fig.1.F), 54.97nm Albizia lebbeck, (Fig.1.G),76.46nm in Acacia auriculiformis (Fig.1.H) and in A. mangium (Fig.1.I) FTIR analysis FTIR was carried out to identify the possible biomolecules are present in leaf extracts of four different plants. The prominent absorption bands are located at 3249,1602,1247,1156,691 cm-1 in A. mangium (Fig.2A); 3244,1850,1484,1296,690 cm-1 in A. auriculiformis (Fig.2B); 2915,2373,1554, 1602 cm-1 in Albizia lebbeck (Fig.2C); 3158, 1850,1492, 1264, 820 cm-1 in Passiflora vitifolia (Fig.2D). The prominent band at 3244, 3249 cm-1 may result from the N-H stretching vibration. The other bands 2915, 1850, 1554, 1296 cm-1 shows the presence of -O-H,-C=H-,-C=O,-S-H stretching vibration. These are derived 307

4 from water soluble compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols present in leaves. Biological components are known to interact with metal salts via these functional groups and mediate their reduction to nanoparticles (Ganesh Babu et al., 2009). Figure.1.(A) Color changes occur after adding AgNO3 with in plant extract. Graphical representation showing UV-VIS spectra of reduction of Ag+ ions of (B) Acacia auriculiformis (C) A. mangium (D) Albizia lebbeck (E) Passiflora vitifolia; PSA analyser image of synthesized silver nanoparticles (F) Acacia auriculiformis (G) A. mangium (H) Albizia lebbeck (I) Passiflora vitifolia. 308

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6 Figure.2. Graphical representation showing FT-IR image of of (A) A. mangium (B) Acacia auriculiformis (C) Albizia lebbeck (D) Passiflora vitifolia. 310

7 4. CONCLUSION Debasree Ghosh, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.5 (11), (2015) The present study reveals that these four plant species have silver nanoparticles in their body and it was first time identified that commercially important plant species also contain Ag+ nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles by biomimetic route opens the new avenues over chemical routs because of its cost effective and eco-friendly nature. Based on the result obtained it can be said that the plant resources could be utilized in various fields such as biomedical, nanotechnology, agricultural aspects in future. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to UGC for this financial assistant as a form of UGC-MRP (Ref. No.F.N /2013 (SR) dated 14 th March, 2013). The authors are thankful to USIC in Vidyasagar University for instrument facility. This work was supported by the Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore and Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata REFERENCES 1. Arora, S., Kaur & K. Kaur, S. Indian medicinal plants as a reservoir of protective phytochemicals. Teratogen Carcin Mut Supp.1: (2003). 2. Bhatt, D.C., Patel, N.K., Mitaliya, K.D.& Ant, H.M. Herbal magic by contact therapy among tribals and rurals of Gujarat. J Econ Taxon Bot. 27, (2003). 3. Chen, X., & Schluesener, H.J. Nanosilver : nano product in medical application. Toxicol. Lett, 176: 1 12 (2008). 4. Ganesh Babu, M.M., & Gunasekaran, P. Production and structural characterization of crystalline silver nanoparticles from Bacillus cereus isolate. Colloids Surface. B: Biointerface, 74: (2009). 5. Ghosh, N.K., Sinha, B.S.P., Sukul, N.C. & Ito, A. Cestocidal activity of Acacia auriculiformis. J Helminthol 70: (1996). 6. Gupta, A.K. & Mishra, S.K. Indigenous phytotherapy for diabetes from Chhattisgarh. Adv Plant Sci 15: (2002). 7. Hill, A.F Economic Botany. A textbook of useful plants and plant products. 2 nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc, New York. 8. Muhammad, S., Mushtaq, A. and Ashfaq, A. Chemistry of the medicinal plants of genus Acacia. Hamdard Medicine 41: (1998). 9. Nagajyoti, P.C., Prasad, T.N.V.K.V., Sreekanth, T.V.M., & Lee, K.D. Biofabrication of silvernanoparticles using leaf extract of Saururus chinensis. Digest J. Nanomat. Biostruct, 6(1): (2011). 10. Popoca, J., Aguilar, A., Alonso, D.& Villarreal, M.L. Cytotoxic activity of selected plants used as antitumorals in Mexican traditional medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 59: (1998). 311

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