CLASS-10 PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANDHRA PRADESH SYLLABUS UNIT PLANS ENGLISH MEDIUM

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1 ANDHRA PRADESH SYLLABUS S ENGLISH MEDIUM Prepared By: V.NAGA MURTHY nagamurthysir@gmail.com ignitephysics.weebly.com

2 CHAPTER: 01 HEAT Transfer of heat Thermal equilibrium Heat Temperature - Units Temperature Kinetic Energy Transfer of heat - Activity Different substances have different specific heats Affecting factors of specific heat Specific heat formula - Units Specific heat - applications Method of mixtures Law of thermal equilibrium Calorie meter structure working * * Determination of specific heat of a solid 9 10 Evaporation - activities Condensation Humidity Dew, fog, mist Rain, snow Boiling - activities Melting and freezing 15 17

3 CHAPTER: 02 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS Chemical reactions - Permanent, temporary change Chemical reactions Natural, manmade changes Changes in chemical reactions Writing of chemical equation Steps to balance chemical equation Balancing chemical equations Making chemical equation more informative Physical state, temperature difference, releasing gas Interpretation a balanced chemical equation Chemical equations calculations problems Types of chemical reactions Chemical combination Chemical decomposition Types of chemical reactions Chemical displacement Chemical double displacement Oxidation Reduction Oxidation agent reduction agent Effect of oxidation in daily life Corrosion corrosion of food and metals like iron Corrosion reasons preventions Some other effects of oxidation in daily life Rancidity reasons preventions Precautions to be taken to preserve food material

4 CHAPTER: 03 REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY DIFFERENT SURFACES 9. Reflection of light Concepts Pin hole camera Nearest distance for light reflection Finding the images formed by Mirror - Activity Reflection of light by plane mirrors Angle of incidence, reflection- Plane of reflection Laws of reflection Formation of image by plane mirror Characteristics of image Size, Distance lateral inversion Reflection of light by spherical mirrors Radius of curvature, Principal axis, pole Parallel beam of rays Reflection of light by Concave mirror ray diagram Reflection of light by Convex mirror ray diagram Reflection of light by spherical mirrors Distance of object and image Size of object and image Ray diagram for reflection in concave mirror Place of object and place of image Real and virtue images Ray diagram for reflection in convex mirror Place of object and place of image Real and virtue images Derivation of formula for curved mirrors Sign convection to the mirror formula Mirror magnification formula Archimedes story & Making of solar cooker 65 66

5 CHAPTER: 04 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS Acids and Bases Chemical properties of acids and bases Olfactory indicators Reactions of acids and bases with metals Reactions of acids with carbonates Reactions of acids with bicarbonates Neutralisation reactions Antacid tablet Reactions of metal oxides with acids Reactions of non metal oxides with bases Common properties of acids Common properties of bases Reaction with water (acids and bases) Strength of Acids and bases P H values of substances Importance of P H in daily life Salts and types P H Values of salts Preparation of bleaching powder- uses Preparation of Baking soda- uses Preparation of washing soda- uses Removing of water Crystallisation Plaster of paris manufacturing process

6 CHAPTER: 05 REFRACTION OF LIGHT BY PLANE SURFACES Refraction of light Refraction explanation Fermat s formula Angle of incidence angle of refraction Refractive index Refractive indexes of some material media Affecting factors of refractive index Relative refractive index Relation between angle of incidence and refraction Rarer media denser media Refraction Snell s law Total internal reflection Critical angle Critical angles of rarer and denser medias Total internal reflection Examples Optical illusions - mirages Total internal reflection applications Brilliance of diamonds Optical fibers Refraction through a glass slab Relation between angle of incidence and shift Refraction through a glass slab Finding refractive index of glass slab

7 CHAPTER: 06 REFRACTION OF LIGHT BY CURVED SURFACES Refraction of light at a curved surface Refraction through convex, concave surfaces Refraction through rarer and denser mediums Refraction image formation Refractive indexes of media Relation between the distances of object, image and radius of curvature Refraction on curved surfaces - problems Lenses types main terms and concepts Focal length of a lens Behaviour of light rays on lens Ray diagram of forming image by lens Places of images by refraction through convex lens Ray diagram of forming image by lens Places of images by refraction with concave lens Experiment with convex lens Determination of places of images for different distances of objects Lens formula - Derivation Affecting factors of focal length Lens maker s formula

8 CHAPTER: 07 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD TEXT BOOK Least distance of distinct vision Structure of human eye Focal length of eye lens Common defects of vision Myopia Common defects of vision Hypermetropia Presbyopia Dispersion scattering Prism angle of deviation Finding angle of deviation of prism Finding refractive index of prism Problems Colours deviation Dispersion Dispersion of light Rain bow formation - principle Scattering of light Dispersion and scattering and Applications

9 CHAPTER: 08 STRUCTURE OF AM Atomic model J.J.Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr s model Spectrum Wave nature of light Electro magnetic waves properties Visible spectrum Electro magnetic spectrum Electro magnetic waves types Explanation Plank s constant Colours released by atoms of elements Bohr s model of Hydrogen atom And its limitations Bohr sommerfeld atomic model Max Planck Quantum mechanical model of atom Quantum numbers ( n, l, m, s Numbers ) Shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals Electronic configuration Pauli s exclusion principle Aufbau s principle Moeller s diagram Hund s rule Electronic configurations of elements

10 CHAPTER: 09 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS THE IC TABLE Ordered arrangement of elements Dobereiner s law of triad Newland s law of octaves Mendeleeff s periodic table Mendeleeff s periodic law Limitations of Mendeleeff s periodic table Modern periodic table Modern periodic table Places of elements in periodic table Blocks in modern periodic table Groups in Modern periodic table Periods in Modern periodic table Metals and Non metals Properties of elements Trends in groups and in periods of periodic table Changes in valence & Atomic radius Changes in Ionisation energy in Periodic table Affecting factors of Ionisation energy Changes in Electron affinity in Periodic table Electro negativity changes in periodic table Metallic and non metallic properties

11 CHAPTER: 10 CHEMICAL BOND Chemical bond Octet configuration Davy s experiment Lewis symbols Electronic theory of valence by Lewis and Kossel Ionic Bond NaCl, MgCl 2,. Arrangement of ions in Ionic compounds Affecting factors of formation of Ionic bond Covalent Bond H 2, O 2, N 2, CH 4, NH 3, H 2 O Bond length Bond energy Draw backs of Electronic theory of valence VSEPR Theory BeCl 2, BF 3, CH 4, NH 3, H 2 O,.. Valence bond theory Overlap of s and p orbitals Sigma bond and pie Bond H 2, HCl, Cl 2, N 2, O 2,.. Valence bond theory Hybridisation BeCl 2, BF 3, NH 3, H 2 O, Properties of Ionic and Covalent compounds

12 CHAPTER: 11 ELECTRIC CURRENT Electric circuits conductors insulators Electric current - units Direction of electrons drift speed Direction of electric current Potential difference formula units Derivation of formula for voltage difference Working of battery Electro motive force Connection of batteries connections of bulbs Ohm s law - experiment Ohm s law limitations Ohmic and non ohmic conductors Resistance, resistivity- Electric shock - Multimeter Factors that affect resistance Nature of the substance Temperature Length Area of cross section Specific resistance formula units Specific resistance affecting factors Specific resistance values for various materials Resistivity - applications Electric circuit Series connection of resistances-resultant resistance Electric circuit Parallel connection of resistances-resultant Kirchhoff s law s (Junction & loop law) Electric power Over load Danger - Precautions

13 CHAPTER: 12 ELECTRO MAGNETISM Electro magnetism Oersted -Oersted s experiment Magnetic field Activity Direction of magnetic field, strength Magnetic lines of force Uniform, non uniform magnetic fields Magnetic flux Magnetic field Induction Magnetic field due to current Activity Right hand thumb rule Right hand thumb rule Magnetic field due to circular coil Magnetic field due to Solenoid Magnetic force on moving charge and current carrying wire Time period of charged particle Magnetic force on current carrying wire which is placed along a magnetic field Result force applied on a current carrying wire - Experiment Electric motor Principle and Working Electro magnetic induction Faraday s laws Electro magnetic induction Faraday s laws Lenz s rule Conservation of energy Faraday s laws Induced Electro motive force problems Faraday s law of electro magnetic induction and Its applications Electric generator A.C. and D.C. currents

14 CHAPTER: 13 PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY Metals properties Mineral Ores Some ores and their formulas Ores metals present in the ores Reactivity of metals Steps involved in extraction of metal from ore Concentration of ore methods (Hand picking, washing, froth floatation, magnetic separation) Reactivity of metals Reaction with oxygen, cold water, water vapour, strong dilute acids and chlorine Extraction of crude metal from the ore Reduction of the ore to the purified metal as per the reactivity of the metal Purification of crude metal methods Distillation, poling, liquation, electrolytic refining Corrosion Experiment corrosion of iron Preventive methods of corrosion Alloys Important methods used in metallurgy Smelting blast furnace Roasting calcinations Reverberatory furnace retort furnace

15 CHAPTER: 14 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Carbon valence electron configuration - bonds Promotion of electron Hybridisation sp 3, sp 2, sp hybridization( CH 4, C 2 H 4, C 2 H 2 ) Allotropes of carbon Amorphous, crystalline structures- Diamond Structure of graphite - uses C 60, bukky balls, nano tubes Versatile nature of carbon wohler fredrich Catenation Hydro carbons Open and closed chains of hydrocarbons Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons Binding of carbon with other elements Functional groups Isomerism - homologous series Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes Nomenclature of organic compounds Suffix and prefix of carbon atoms Names and formulas of organic compounds Numbering of carbon atoms -Compounds,formulas Chemical properties of carbon compounds Combustion, oxidation Chemical properties of carbon compounds Addition and substitutions Ethanol manufacture properties and uses Acetic acid preparation uses - Esterification Soaps saponification and micelles Formation of micelle Cleaning action of soap