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1 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 07 Electronic Supplementary Information Hydroaminomethylation/hydrohydroxymethylation sequence for the one pot synthesis of aminohydroxytriglycerides Théodore Vanbésien, a Eric Monflier, a and Frédéric Hapiot* a a Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 88, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-6300 Lens, France. frederic.hapiot@univ-artois.fr Page Materials and methods Catalytic experiments 3 Calculations of conversion and selectivities 4 NMR spectra 5 Selectivity in Rh-catalyzed HAM of T 7 Estolides Distribution of reaction products 8 Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 9

2 Materials and methods All chemicals were purchased from Acros, Strem or Aldrich Chemicals in their highest purity. Olive oil was purchased from Aldrich while Very High Oleic Sunflower Oil (VHOSO) was provided by Oleon (France). NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX300 spectrometer operating at 300 MHz for H nuclei and 75 MHz for 3 C nuclei. CDCl 3 (99.50% isotopic purity) were purchased from Eurisotop. The NMR peak assignment was obtained by comparison with previous works and from data from the literature. Triolein (European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard Triolein from Sigma-Aldrich, was used as model triglyceride. Compared to technical grade triglycerides, its purity and symmetrical structure derived from glycerol and oleic acid has the significant advantage of facilitating the analysis of the reaction products. GC-MS analysis were performed using a Shimadzu GC-7A gas chromatograph using a Varian capillary column (length 30 m, internal diameter 0.05 µm) and a Shimadzu GCMS-QP500 mass spectrometer. The products were analyzed using a temperature gradient from 50 C to 300 C at.5 C/min. Mass spectra were recorded on a MALDI-TOF/TOF Ultraflex II Bruker Daltonics spectrometer in positive reflectron or linear mode with,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (,5-DHB) as matrix. The products quantification with MALDI-TOF gives reproducible results with a variability of less than 5% between duplicates. All the hydroformylation experiments were carried out in laboratory reactors from Parr Instrument Company (USA). To prevent oxidation of the catalyst precursors, the reaction mixture was transferred into the reactor using the standard Schlenk technique. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was performed at the French Institute of Fats and Oils (ITERG Pessac, France). Mobile phase: tetrahydrofuran (THF). Flow rate: ml/min. Column: PLgel 5µm MIXED-D (Agilent). Oven temperature: 40 C. Detector: Refractometer. Reference: Polystyrene (580, 970, 80, 70, 940, 490, 6940, 3030, 70, 74800, 6500 and 8700). T. Vanbésien, E. Monflier and F. Hapiot, Green Chem., 06, 8, A. Biswas, A. Adhvaryu, S. H. Gordon, S. W. Erhan and J. L. Willett, J. Agric. Food Chem., 005, 53,

3 Catalytic experiments O [Rh], CO/H O NBu O + HNBu 7 7 O 80 C toluene 7 7 Scheme S. Synthesis of tertiary amine () derived from methyl oleate by HAM. Conditions: methyl oleate (.0 ml, 3 mmol), Rh(CO) (acac) (3.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), HNBu (.5 ml, 5 mmol), CO/H (:) (80 bar), toluene (5 ml), 80 C, 4 h. 5 equiv. amines were used to limit the formation of alcohols. The produced aldehydes and excess amines were separated by column chromatography using a AcOEt/heptane mixture (9:) as eluant. The expected product was obtained as a colourless liquid. Yield: 83%. See Figures S and S for NMR characterization. 3

4 Calculation of conversion and selectivities As the four glycerol protons B (Figure Sa) are not involved in the hydroformylation reaction, they are chosen as the reference to determine the normalization integration factor (NF), which specifies the integration value of one proton (NF = B/4). For neat T, the numbers of initial and final C=C double bonds (DB i and DB f, respectively) are: Ai NF Af NF DB i = = 3 DB f = with Ai and Af the peak integrations of olefinic protons plus the internal proton of glycerol (Figures Sa and Sb, signal A) before and after reaction, respectively. Once the reaction is complete, the conversion is given by: Conv. = 3 DB f 3 00 = The alcohol percentage is given by: Ai Af Ai NF 00 Alc. = H 6NF 3 DB f 00 where H is the integration value of the signal attributed to the hydroxymethyl group (H, Figure b). The amine percentage is given by: Amine = I 6NF 3 DB f 00 where I is the integration value of the signal attributed to the aminomethyl group (I, Figure b). The aldehyde percentage is given by: Ald. = J 3NF 3 DB f 00 where J is the integration of the residual aldehyde signal (δ = 9.54 ppm in CDCl 3 ). The percentage of hydrogenated products is given by: 4

5 hydrog. prod. = 00 (Ald.Selec. + Alc. Selec. + Amine. Selec. ) NMR sepctra Figure S. H NMR spectra of a) triolein (T) in CDCl 3 at 5 C and b) N,Ndibutylaminomethylated hydroxymethylated T in CDCl 3 at 5 C. The displayed product is given as an example of possible structures. 5

6 Figure S. H NMR spectrum of methyl oleate functionalized by a N,N-dibutylaminomethyl group. Figure S3. 3 C NMR spectrum of methyl oleate functionalized by a N,N-dibutylaminomethyl group. 6

7 Selectivity in Rh-catalyzed HAM of T Figure S4. Evolution of the selectivity in the Rh-catalyzed HAM of T using HNEt at 80 C under 80 bar CO/H in toluene after 8 h. Aldehyde (red), amine (green), alcohol (purple), hydrogenation products (blue). Estolides Figure S5. Percentage of estolides as a function of the reaction time. Conditions: T ( ml, mmol), HNBu (3 mmol), Rh(CO) (acac) (3.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), toluene (5 ml), 80 bar CO/H (:), 80 C. Figure S6. Percentage of estolides as a function of the reaction temperature. Conditions: T ( ml, mmol), HNBu (3 mmol), Rh(CO) (acac) (3.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), toluene (5 ml), 80 bar CO/H (:), 80 C, 8 h. 7

8 Distribution of reaction products Table S. Products distribution with time. Conditions: T ( ml, mmol), HNBu (3 mmol), Rh(CO) (acac) (3.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), toluene (5 ml), 80 bar CO/H (:), 80 C, 8 h. t (min) TN TNO TNO TN TNO TN3 Table S. Distribution of the reaction products with the reaction temperature. Conditions: T ( ml, mmol), HNBu (3 mmol), Rh(CO) (acac) (3.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), toluene (5 ml), 80 bar CO/H (:), 80 C, 8 h. T ( C) TN TNO TNO TN TNO TN3 50 C C C

9 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 3 after h reaction time 3 after 3 h reaction time 4 3 after 6 h reaction time 9

10 Peak Retention HAM h HAM 3h HAM 6h time (min) % Mn % Mn % Mn Echantillon HAM h HAM 3h HAM 6h M n M w Ð M (M w /M n )