INTRA MOLECULAR FORCES

Transcription

1

2 INTRA MOLECULAR FORCES UNIT 03: PRESENTED BY: SHAHIDA PERVEEN Post RN BSCN 1 st semester 2015 Subject: Life Science Faculty : Ramesh Kumar 15 October 2015 New Life College of Nursing Karachi

3 OBJECTIVES At the end of learner will be able to Define ion, molecule and force terms. Explain importance of ion/s in the body Describe bonding and its types.

4 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES Forces with in a molecule, forced caused by the attraction and repulsion of charged particles ION Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.

5 MOLECULE: (chemistry) The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A tiny amount.

6 FORCE A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, there is a force upon each of the objects.

7 1.CONTACT FORCES 2.ACTION AT A DITANCE FORCES TYPES OF FORCES CONTACT FORCES All those types of forces that results when the two interacting objects are perceived to be physically contact each other.for example frictional force,tensional force, normal force, air resistance force and applied force.

8 ACTION AT A DISTANCE FORCE In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be moved, changed, or otherwise affected without being physically touched (as in mechanical contact) by another object. That is, it is the nonlocal interaction of objects that are separated in space. Gravitational force, electrical force, magnetic force are also example of the action at distance force

9 IMPORTANCE OF IONS IN HUMAN BODY Our life is sustained by interaction of inorganic and organic substance.used the water serves as the supportive medium and vehicles for the elements of life. There are nine most essential ions of our body which play a dynamic role in supporting an sustaining health and life SODIUM ION,POTASSIUM ION, CALCIUM ION, MAGNESIUM ION,HYDROGEN ION These are the five positive charge ions CHLROIDE ION, BICARBONATE ION, PHOSPHATE ION, HYDROXYL ION These are the four negative charge ions.

10

11 SODIUM ION Are the principle cation found outside the cell in the body. The help regulate and control the level of body fluids IF decreased the sodium ion in the body that can cause the diarrhea, anxiety, decreased body fluid,and circulatory failure. If increased the sodium ion in the body that can cause the water retention, increased blood pressure, Due to the increased blood pressure and un controlled HTN can lead to stroke,heart failure,kidney and heart attack.

12 POTASSIUM ION Are the principle cation found inside the cell of the body Banana, Orange juice & Potatoes. It also help to regulate the cellular function including nerve impulses and heart beats and the level of body tissue. CHROIDE ION Like sodium, chloride influences neural activity and muscle function, but chloride carries a negative charge rather than a positive one. Chloride is primarily found along with sodium in ordinary table salt, otherwise known as sodium chloride, and because it is in most foods, insufficient intake is rare. Chloride, in the form of hydrochloric acid, is also a major component of gastric juice, which in turn digests and absorbs essential nutrients from food.

13 CALCIUM ION Is essential ion for bone and also to make a stronger teeth It also performs the role of muscles contraction and transmission of nerve signals in the cells It is also important work during pregnancy for growing children It help to prevent osteoporosis in older people Milk and other dietary product Nuts,legumes. PHOSPHATE ION About 85 percent of the phosphorus containing ion in the body are in the bone. Vital role to energy production from food sources Milk,dairy product,cereals and meat.

14 CHEMICAL BONDING Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination. TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING

15 TYPES OF BONDING Ionic Bond bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. Covalent Bond bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Metallic Bond The properties of metals suggest that their atoms possess strong bonds, yet the ease of conduction of heat and electricity suggest that electrons can move freely in all directions in a metal. The general observations give rise to a picture of "positive ions in a sea of electrons" to describe metallic bonding.

16 Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonding differs from other uses of the word "bond" since it is a force of attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and a small atom of high electro negativity in another molecule. That is, it is an intermolecular force, not an intra molecular force as in the common use of the word bond. Hydrogen bonding has a very important effect on the properties of water and ice. Hydrogen bonding is also very important in proteins and nucleic acids and therefore in life processes. The "unzipping" of DNA is a breaking of hydrogen bonds which help hold the two strands of the double helix together.

17 REFERENCES: st/blue0201.html

18

19 ANY QUESTIONS?