Chapter 10 Outline: Alcohols
|
|
|
- Cordelia Charles
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 10 Outline: Alcohols Review Nomenclature, Structure & Physical Properties on your own 1. Acidity of Alcohols 2. Reactions of Alcohols 3. Reactions of Thiols You should do all the problems in the textbook, but these are some suggested homework problems: 10.15, 10.16, 10.18, 10.20, 10.21, , 10.35, , 10.42, 10.43, 10.45, Page 1 of 23
2 Roadmap for chapter 10: Page 2 of 23
3 1. Acidity of Alcohols Alcohols have pkas in the range of Only methanol has an acidity less than water (pka 15.5 and will protonate water preferentially). In general, all alcohols will be less polar and less acidic than water. What happens when water is in solution with ethanol (pka = 15.9)? Reaction of an alcohol with strong base, like sodium hydride, or Group I metals (Li, Na, K): CH 3 OH + NaH CH 3 ONa + H 2 sodium methoxide 2 CH 3 OH + 2 Na 2 CH 3 ONa + H 2 Page 3 of 23
4 2. Reactions of Alcohols how to make a good leaving group? All of these reactions you will learn in this chapters have one common theme converting the OH group into a good, stable leaving group!! What if we protonate the OH group? Does that become a better leaving group? A strong, non-halide containing acid like H 3 PO 4 or H 2 SO 4 or TsOH is used to protonate an alcohol. SO 3 H = TsOH p toluene sulfonic acid Page 4 of 23
5 a. ROH reaction with HCl, HBr & HI (converting a ROH RX) 1 o ROH react through an SN2 mechanism: 2 o /3 o ROH react through an SN1 mechanism: Page 5 of 23
6 b. Reaction with PX 3, X = Cl, Br (converting a ROH RBr) Reaction Observations: o This reaction can only be used with 1 o and 2 o ROH only o Reaction always occurs with inversion of configuration. o What substitution mechanism does this support? Mechanism? Page 6 of 23
7 c. Reaction with Thionyl Halide (SOX 2, X = Cl, Br) (converting a ROH RX) Reaction Observations: o This reaction can only be used with 1 o and 2 o ROH only o Reaction always occurs with inversion of configuration. o What substitution mechanism does this support? Mechanism? Page 7 of 23
8 d. Formation of Tosylates to provide good leaving groups What is important about this? Sulfonate anions are weak bases, making them VERY GOOD leaving groups. Look at H 2 SO 4 and consider its acidity: Since alcohols make poor leaving groups, reacting them with sulfonyl chlorides converts them into better leaving groups. Most common sulfonyl chloride reagents: O O H 3 C S Cl H 3 C S Cl O TsCl (Para-toluene sulfonyl chloride) O MsCl (mesyl chloride) Page 8 of 23
9 How do these reactions work overall? It s a two step reaction, (1) react the desired alcohol with the tosyl chloride without inversion, and (2) react it with the nucleophile leading to inversion of configuration: Page 9 of 23
10 e. Acid-catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes (β-elimination reaction) Compare to: E1 mechanism is observed for 2 o and 3 o ROHs: How do you think the mechanism differs for a 1 o ROH? Page 10 of 23
11 Provide the mechanism for the following transformation: Page 11 of 23
12 f. Dehydration of ROH using POCl 3 & Pyridine (converting a ROH alkene) Mechanism? This mechanism is known to go through an E2 mechanism. Page 12 of 23
13 g. Pinnacol Rearragenment Page 13 of 23
14 h. Oxidation of Alcohols (no mechanism to know) Primary alcohols are oxidized to either aldehydes or carboxylic acids, depending on the reagent employed: Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized why? Common oxidizing reagents are: Page 14 of 23
15 1 o ROH give different products depending on the reagent used: OH PCC OH K 2 Cr 2 O 7 H 2 SO 4,H 2 O 2 o ROH give same products regardless of the reagent used: Provide the organic product for the following reactions. You do not need to balance the byproducts of the reaction. Page 15 of 23
16 i. Reaction of glycols with periodic acid Page 16 of 23
17 3. Reactions of Thiols L-Cysteine = Page 17 of 23
18 Alcohol Reactions. Provide correct organic product(s) and the mechanism for the following reactions. If stereochemistry pertains, ensure it is clearly demonstrated. If there is more than one product, then circle the major product. OH H 3 PO 4,heat Mechanism? OH POCl 3 pyridine Mechanism? Page 18 of 23
19 OH PBr 3 Mechanism? OH HBr Mechanism? Page 19 of 23
20 OH SOCl 2 pyridine Mechanism? OH 1. TsCl, pyridine O 2. ONa Mechanism? OH 1. NaH 2. CH 3 CH 2 Br Mechanism? Page 20 of 23
21 Provide viable steps to bring about the following transformation. Page 21 of 23
22 Provide viable steps to bring about the following transformation. Page 22 of 23
23 Provide viable steps to bring about the following transformation. Page 23 of 23
Chapter 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Amines, Ethers, and Epoxides
Chapter 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Amines, Ethers, and Epoxides Learning objectives: 1. Provide both IUPAC and common (when applicable) names for alcohols and ethers. 2. Describe the physical properties
But in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation
Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides. Chapter Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry
Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides Chapter 17-18 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry 1 Introduction Structure and Bonding Alcohols contain a hydroxy group (OH) bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon. 2
c. Oxidizing agent shown here oxidizes 2º alcohols to ketones and 1º alcohols to carboxylic acids. 3º alcohols DO NOT REACT.
Exam 1 (Ch 17 and Review of CEM 331) Answer Key: 1. ne-step Questions: You need to know reagents for reagent arrows and to be able to draw products. I know a lot of them seem to look alike its your job
Chem 251 Fall Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives Chapter 8 (last semester) 1. Write an electron-pushing mechanism for an SN2 reaction between an alkyl halide and a nucleophile. 2. Describe the rate law and relative rate of reaction
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group connected to
Química Orgânica I. Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química AFB QO I 2007/08 1
Química rgânica I Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química AFB Q I 2007/08 1 alcohols Adaptado de rganic Chemistry, 6th Edition; Wade rganic Chemistry, 6 th Edition; McMurry AFB Q I 2007/08 2 Typical
Alcohols, Ethers, & Epoxides
Alcohols, Ethers, & Epoxides Alcohols Structure and Bonding Enols and Phenols Compounds having a hydroxy group on a sp 2 hybridized carbon enols and phenols undergo different reactions than alcohols. Chapter
Loudon Chapter 10 Review: Alcohols & Thiols Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 4/26/2016
Alcohols (R) and thiols (RS) have many reactions in common with alkyl halides, but they don t do everything exactly the same. The main difference between this and alkyl halide chemistry is that unlike
REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS Created by: Mohammad Heidarian
Nucleophilic Substitution, β- Elimination, and Oxidation reactions are the main type of reactions associated with alcohols. Nucleophilic Substitution: A reaction in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving
Chapter 11 - Alcohols and Ethers 1
Andrew Rosen Chapter 11 - Alcohols and Ethers 1 11.1 - Structure and Nomenclature - The common naming calls alcohols as alkyl alcohols (eg: methyl alcohol) - The common names of ethers have the groups
Ch 17 Alcohols and Phenols
Ch 17 Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols are compounds with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to an sp 3 C. Phenols are compounds with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to an aromatic sp 2 C. Classification of Alcohols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols 45 -Alcohols have the general formula R-OH and are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group, -OH. -Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an
Learning Guide for Chapter 15 - Alcohols (II)
Learning Guide for Chapter 15 - Alcohols (II) I. Introduction to alcohol reactivity II. Reactions of alcohols with acids III. Reactions of alcohols with electrophiles alogenated phosphorus and sulfur compounds
Alcohols. Have seen many reactions to synthesize alcohols: In this chapter we will study reactions of the alcohols
Alcohols ave seen many reactions to synthesize alcohols: In this chapter we will study reactions of the alcohols Oxidation Need to understand the nomenclature of organic reduction/oxidation In general
Downloaded from
1 Class XII Chemistry Chapter: Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers Top concepts: 1. Structure of alcohols, phenols and ethers: 2. Preparation of alcohols: 3. Preparation of phenols: 2 4. Physical properties of
Chapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols
Chapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols [ Chapter 9 Sections: 9.10; Chapter 13 Sections: 13.1-13.3, 13.9-13.10] 1. Nomenclature of Alcohols simple alcohols C3 C3C2 Eddie Sachs 1927-1964 larger alcohols find the
Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols. Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition
Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp 3 ) They are important solvents and
REACTION AND SYNTHESIS REVIEW
REACTION AND SYNTHESIS REVIEW A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO PREDICT PRODUCTS, IDENTIFY REACTANTS, GIVE REACTION CONDITIONS, PROPOSE SYNTHESES, AND PROPOSE MECHANISMS (AS LISTED BELOW). REVIEW THE MECHANISM
Module9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy - Chemical shift - Integration of signal area
1 CHEMISTRY 263 HOME WORK Lecture Topics: Module7. Hydrogenation of Alkenes The Function of the Catalyst - Syn and anti- addition Hydrogenation of Alkynes - Syn- addition of hydrogen: Synthesis of cis-alkenes
KOT 222 Organic Chemistry II
KOT 222 Organic Chemistry II Course Objectives: 1) To introduce the chemistry of alcohols and ethers. 2) To study the chemistry of functional groups. 3) To learn the chemistry of aromatic compounds and
For example, 2-ethyloctan-3-ol which can also be called. 2-ethyl-3-octanol.
Alcohols & Ethers Worksheet Part A Name: The focus of this chapter can be thought of as the organic version of water. When H 2 has one or both of its hydrogens replaced by an R group we get alcohols and
Chapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds. Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons
Chapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons Reactions of Alkanes Single bonds (C-C) are strong and very hard to break, therefore these compounds are relatively unreactive
(Neither an oxidation or reduction: Addition or loss of H +, H 2 O, HX).
eactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. xidation is a
Ethers can be symmetrical or not:
Chapter 14: Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides 175 Physical Properties Ethers can be symmetrical or not: linear or cyclic. Ethers are inert and make excellent solvents for organic reactions. Epoxides are very
Oxidation of alcohols Chromic Acid KMnO4 PCC Swern 1 ROH RCOOH RCOOH RCHO RCHO 2 ROH Ketone Ketone Ketone Ketone 3 ROH NR NR NR NR
Chapter 11 xidation in rganic terms xidation Reduction Neither Addition of, X2; loss of 2 Addition of 2; loss of or X2 Anytime you oxidize one carbon but reduce another (ex. Adding and to adjacent carbons)
Chemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018
Chemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018 The following homework covers Chapter 10 in Loudon & Parise s Organic Chemistry, 6 th ed. and contains 24 questions, valued at 0.3333 point each, as well as
Alcohols and Phenols
Chapter 17- Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp 3 ) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group
Physical Properties: Structure:
Nomenclature: Functional group suffix = -ol Functional group prefix = hydroxy- Primary, secondary or tertiary? Alcohols are described as primary (1 o ), secondary (2 o ) or tertiary (3 o ) depending on
Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Why this Chapter? Carboxylic acids present in many industrial processes and most biological processes They are the starting materials from which other acyl derivatives are
REASONING QUESTIONS FROM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CH. 1 & 2)
REASONING QUESTIONS FROM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CH. 1 & 2) 1.) Why do haloalkenes under go nucleophillic substitution whereas haloarenes under go electophillic substitution. Ans. Due to more electro negative
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2015 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2015 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #3 Nucleophilic Substitutions & Eliminations, Alcohols, and Ethers Thursday, November 5, 2015, 8:25-9:15
Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols
hapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols sp 3 alcohol phenol (aromatic alcohol) pka~ 16-18 pka~ 10 Alcohols contain an group connected to a saturated carbon (sp 3 ) Phenols contain an group connected to a carbon
Mechanisms. . CCl2 F + Cl.
Mechanisms 1) Free radical substitution Alkane à halogenoalkane Initiation: Propagation: Termination: Overall: 2) Ozone depletion UV light breaks the C Cl bond releasing chlorine radical CFCl 3 F à. CCl2
C h a p t e r S e v e n : Haloalkanes: Nucleophilc Substitution and Elimination Reactions S N 2
C h a p t e r S e v e n : Haloalkanes: Nucleophilc Substitution and Elimination Reactions S N 2 CHM 321: Summary of Important Concepts Concepts for Chapter 7: Substitution Reactions I. Nomenclature of
c. Cyclohexanone Chemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018
Chemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018 The following homework covers Chapter 10 in Loudon & Parise s Organic Chemistry, 6 th ed. and contains 24 questions, valued at 0.3333 point each, as well as
ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, EPOXIDES AND THIOLS
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ALCOHOL NOMENCLATURE Glycols: Alcohols with two hydroxyls are called ; with three hydroxyls are called Always give most priority to the OH group. EXAMPLE: Provide the correct
CHEMISTRY 263 HOME WORK
Lecture Topics: CHEMISTRY 263 HOME WORK Module7: Hydrogenation of Alkenes Hydrogenation - syn and anti- addition - hydrogenation of alkynes - synthesis of cis-alkenes -synthesis of trans-alkenes Text sections:
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY. Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 5 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction The vertical axis in this graph represents the potential energy. The transition
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2017 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2017 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #3 Nucleophilic Substitutions & Eliminations, Alcohols, and Ethers Thursday, November 2, 2017, 8:25-9:15
Reactions of Chapter 10 Worksheet and Key
1) Alcohol Fermentation Reactions of Chapter 10 Worksheet and Key Alcohol fermentation is a series of chemical reaction that convert sugar molecules, such a glucose, into ethanol and C 2. The overall reaction
Physical Properties. Alcohols can be: CH CH 2 OH CH 2 CH 3 C OH CH 3. Secondary alcohol. Primary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol
Chapter 10: Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols 100 Physical Properties Alcohols can be: CH 3 CH 3 CH CH 2 OH * Primary alcohol CH 3 OH CH * CH 2 CH 3 Secondary alcohol CH 3 CH 3 * C OH CH 3 Tertiary alcohol
Ch 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
Ch 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Carboxylic Acids (RCO 2 H) are compounds with an OH attached to a carbonyl. Nitriles (RC N) are compounds a carbon-nitrogen triple bond. Naming Carboxylic Acids 1. Replace
Haloalkanes. Isomers: Draw and name the possible isomers for C 5 H 11 Br
Haloalkanes The basics: The functional group is a halogen atom: F, Cl, Br or I General formula C n H 2n+1 X Use the prefixes: fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. Isomers: Draw and name the possible isomers
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS; ETHERS AND EPOXIDES; THIOLS AND SULFIDES
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS; ETHERS AND EPOXIDES; THIOLS AND SULFIDES A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Give the IUPAC name when given the structure, and draw the structure given the name of open-chain and monocyclic
Week 11 Problem Set (Solutions) 4/24, 4/25, 4/26
Week 11 Problem Set (Solutions) 4/24, 4/25, 4/26 Concepts Covered Alkynes Oxidation Alcohols Reactions/Reagents Deprotonation of Alcohols/Alkynes Jones Oxidation (Cr 2 O 7 ) Dess-Martin Periodinane (DMP)
C h a p t e r E i g h t: Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions. 5-Androstene, the parent alkene for most anabolic steroids
C h a p t e r E i g h t: Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions 5-Androstene, the parent alkene for most anabolic steroids CHM 321: Summary of Important Concepts YConcepts for Chapter
Organic Chemistry. M. R. Naimi-Jamal. Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science & Technology
Organic Chemistry M. R. Naimi-Jamal Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science & Technology Chapter 7-1. Alkyl Halides Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition What Is an Alkyl Halide? An
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives The back of the white willow tree (Salix alba) is a source of salicylic acid which is used to make aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) The functional group
The Chemistry of Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Sulfides
The Chemistry of Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Sulfides The chemistry of ethers is closely intertwined with the chemistry of alkyl halides, alcohols, and alkenes. Ethers, however, are considerably less
Allyl radicals are especially stable due to resonance ( and double bond switch places):
Ch 10 Alkyl Halides Nomenclature Rules The parent is the longest alkyl chain or ring. The #1 C for a chain is at the end that is nearest to the first substituent. The #1 C for a ring possesses the first
CHEM 203. Final Exam December 15, 2010 ANSWERS. This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models
CEM 203 Final Exam December 15, 2010 Your name: ANSWERS This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This test contains 15 pages Time: 2h 30 min 1. / 16 2. / 15 3. / 24
Alcohols: Contain a hydroxy group( OH) bonded to an sp 2 or sp 3 hybridized
Lecture Notes hem 51B S. King hapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides I. Introduction Alcohols, ether, and epoxides are 3 functional groups that contain σ-bonds. Alcohols: ontain a hydroxy group( ) bonded
10. Alkyl Halides. What Is an Alkyl Halide. An organic compound containing at least one carbonhalogen
10. Alkyl Halides What Is an Alkyl Halide An organic compound containing at least one carbonhalogen bond (C-X) X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H Can contain many C-X bonds Properties and some uses Fire-resistant
Chapter 11 Outline: Ethers, Epoxides & Sulfides
Chapter 11 Outline: Ethers, Epoxides & Sulfides Review Nomenclature & Physical Properties on your own 1. Structure of Ethers & Epoxides 2. Preparation of Ethers & Thioethers 3. Reactions of Ethers 4. Preparation
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 6 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts: CrO 4 2- reduced to Cr 2 O 3. KMnO 4 reduced to MnO 2. Oxidation: Gain of O,
Alcohols and Phenols and Their Reac1ons
Alcohols and Phenols and Their Reac1ons More About the Families in Group II The families in Group II all have an electronega1ve atom or group that is a>ached to an sp 3 carbon. Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols
Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols. Types of Alcohol Reactions
hapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene (Discussed in hap 7) xidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation
8-3 This exercise is worked out on page 293 as "Working with Concepts".
Copyright 2009 James K Whitesell 8-1 This exercise combines your knowledge of basic nomenclature rules and concepts of stereochemistry introduced in Chapters 4 and 5. 8-2 Keep in mind that faculty at UCSD
Chapter 17 Alcohols and Phenols
Chapter 17 Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols and Phenols Organic derivatives of water One of water s hydrogens is replaced by an organic group Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a saturated, sp 3 -hybridized
Alcohols. Alcohol any organic compound containing a hydroxyl (R-OH) group. Alcohols are an extremely important organic source
Alcohols Alcohol any organic compound containing a hydroxyl (R-OH) group Uses: synthetic intermediate, cleanser, cosmetics, fuel, alcoholic beverages, etc. Alcohols are an extremely important organic source
CHE 275 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTUION CHAP 8 ASSIGN. 1. Which best depicts the partial charges on methyl bromide and sodium methoxide?
CHE 275 NUCLEPHILIC SUBSTITUTUIN CHAP 8 ASSIGN 1. Which best depicts the partial charges on methyl bromide and sodium methoxide? 2. Which of the following would be the best (most reactive) nucleophile
Organic Chemistry I: Reactions and Overview
Organic Chemistry I: Reactions and Overview Andrew Rosen Editor: Raghav Malik January 13, 2013 Contents I Library of Synthetic Reactions 3 II Organic Trends and Essentials 4 1 The Basics: Bonding and Molecular
Name: Student Number: University of Manitoba - Department of Chemistry CHEM Introductory Organic Chemistry II - Term Test 1
Name: Student Number: University of Manitoba - Department of Chemistry CHEM 2220 - Introductory Organic Chemistry II - Term Test 1 Thursday, February 11, 2016; 7-9 PM This is a 2-hour test, marked out
Chemistry 35 Exam 2 Answers - April 9, 2007
Chemistry 35 Exam 2 Answers - April 9, 2007 Problem 1. (14 points) Provide the products for the reactions shown below. If stereochemistry is important, be sure to indicate stereochemistry clearly. If no
Available chemicals from the catalog (the starting sources of carbon compounds will continually decrease as we learn new reactions.
ucleophilic ubstitution & Elimination Chemistry Beauchamp 1 Available chemicals from the catalog (the starting sources of carbon compounds will continually decrease as we learn new reactions. ources of
Chemistry 3351 Organic Chemistry/Final Exam Monday: Dec. 17 th from 1:30 pm 4:00pm
- 1 - Chemistry 3351 Organic Chemistry/Final Exam Monday: Dec. 17 th from 1:30 pm 4:00pm Name: (please print, 1 pt) Page Possible Points Score 1 1 2 9 3 10 4 12 5 14 6 14 7 10 8 15 9 10 10 10 11 10 12
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids
1 Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids I. Introduction: Carboxylic acid structure: Classification of carboxylic acids: A carboxylic acid donates protons by the heterocyclic cleavage of the O-H bond, generating
OCR (A) Chemistry A-level. Module 6: Organic Chemistry and Analysis
OCR (A) Chemistry A-level Module 6: Organic Chemistry and Analysis Organic Synthesis Notes by Adam Robertson DEFINITIONS Heterolytic fission: The breaking of a covalent bond when one of the bonded atoms
Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions-Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides"
Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions-Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides" t Introduction" The polarity of a carbon-halogen bond leads to the carbon having a partial positive charge"
Chapter 08 Nucleophilic Substitution Part 02
hapter 08 Nucleophilic Substitution Part 02 EM 341: Spring 2012 Prof. Greg ook 2012 Gregory R ook Solvent Effects in Nucleophilic Substitution R X Y R Y X SLVENT Polar reactions - we need polar solvents
CHEM 203. Final Exam December 12, This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models. This test contains 11 pages
CEM 203 Final Exam December 12, 2012 Your name: This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This test contains 11 pages Time: 2h 30 min 1. / 20 2. / 24 3. / 26 4. / 30
C h a p t e r S e v e n : Substitution Reactions S N 2 O H H H O H H. Br -
C h a p t e r S e v e n : Substitution Reactions Br Br S N 2 CM 321: Summary of Important Concepts YConcepts for Chapter 7: Substitution Reactions I. Nomenclature of alkyl halides, R X A. Common name:
Organic Chemistry. It s all about the charges!
Organic Chemistry It s all about the charges! Hydrocarbons So far, we ve mostly looked at hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and benzene. Hydrocarbons are NON-polar molecules: the C-H bond has an
Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water.
Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. Alcohols are usually classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles شیمی آلی 2
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles شیمی آلی 2 Dr M. Mehrdad University of Guilan, Department of Chemistry, Rasht, Iran m-mehrdad@guilan.ac.ir Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition The
Ch 19 Aldehydes and Ketones
Ch 19 Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes (RCHO), with the exception of formaldehyde (H 2 CO), are compounds with both an H and an organic group attached to a carbonyl. Ketones (R 2 CO) are compounds with
b.p.=100 C b.p.=65 C b.p.=-25 C µ=1.69 D µ=2.0 D µ=1.3 D
Alcohols I eading: Wade chapter 10, sections 10-1- 10-12 Study Problems: 10-35, 10-37, 10-38, 10-39, 10-40, 10-42, 10-43 Key Concepts and Skills: Show how to convert alkenes, alkyl halides, and and carbonyl
TOPIC 13 ANSWERS & MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 1 ALKANES
QUESTIONSHEET 1 ALKANES a) (i) UV light / temperatures > 500 ºC (ii) CH 4 (g) + Cl 2 (g) Cl(g) + HCl(g) Cl(g) + Cl 2 (g) Cl 2 (l) + HCl(g) Cl 2 (l) + Cl 2 (g) CHCl 3 (l) + HCl(g) CHCl 3 (l) + Cl 2 (g)
Objective 11. Apply Reactivity Principles to Substitution and Elimination Reactions: compare size and strength of nucleophile to predict major product
Objective 11 Apply Reactivity Principles to Substitution and Elimination Reactions: compare size and strength of nucleophile to predict major product Given Reactants ----> Predict Products How to figure
ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ALDEHYDE NOMENCLATURE Replace the suffix of the alkane -e with the suffix On the parent chain, the carbonyl is always terminal, and receive a location As substituents, they
2/26/18. Practice Questions. Practice Questions B F. How many steps are there in this reaction?
Practice Questions Practice Questions D B F C E A G How many steps are there in this reaction? 1 Practice Questions D B F C E A G What is the highest-energy transitions state? Practice Questions D B F
1. Radical Substitution on Alkanes. 2. Radical Substitution with Alkenes. 3. Electrophilic Addition
1. Radical Substitution on Alkanes Only Cl and Br are useful at the laboratory level. Alkane reactivity: tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl Numbers below products give their relative yield. Relative
22.7 Reactions of Amines: A Review and a Preview
22.7 Reactions of Amines: A Review and a Preview Preparation of Amines Two questions to answer: 1) How is the C N C N bond to be formed? 2) How do we obtain the correct oxidation state of nitrogen (and
Learning Guide for Chapter 11 - Alkenes I
Learning Guide for Chapter 11 - Alkenes I I. Introduction to alkenes - p 1 bond structure, classifying alkenes, reactivity, physical properties, occurrences and uses, spectroscopy, stabilty II. Unsaturation
Chapter 8: Ethers and Epoxides. Diethyl ether in starting fluid
Chapter 8: Ethers and Epoxides Diethyl ether in starting fluid 8.1 Nomenclature of Ethers Ethers are usually named by giving the name of each alkyl or aryl group, in alphabetical order, followed by the
CHEM 203. Final Exam December 16, This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models
CEM 203 Final Exam December 16, 2014 Your name: This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This test consists of 10 pages Time: 2h 30 min 1. / 20 2. / 20 3. / 30 4.
Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 9
Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 9 Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 9.1 How Alkyl Halides React Substitution Reactions One group takes the place of another.
Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids have the formula RCO2H. Nomenclature Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids For the parent alkane, drop the terminal e and add the suffix oic acid. The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain
Chemistry 254 Lab Experiment 1: Qualitative Organic Analysis Summer 2004
Chemistry 254 Lab Experiment 1: Qualitative Organic Analysis Summer 2004 Introduction: Qualitative organic analysis, the identification and characterization of unknown compounds, in an important part of
CHEM 345 Problem Set 07 Key
CHEM 345 Problem Set 07 Key 1.) Fill in the appropriate reaction arrow. The starting material is on the left, the product is on the right. Use. Simple Ring Size. 5 and 6 are favored. 3 is not. That s it.
Organic Chemistry II KEY February 20, 2013
rganic Chemistry II KEY February 20, 2013 Exam 1: VERSI C 1. Which of the following compounds could be generated from reaction of Z 3,4 dimethyl 2 pentene with m chloroperbenzoic acid? E C 3 3 C 3 C C
Chemistry 2050 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2050 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #3 Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes & Ketones. Wednesday, October 26, 2011, 10 10:50 am Name: Question 1. Names,
10. Organohalides. Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition
10. Organohalides Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition What Is an Alkyl Halide An organic compound containing at least one carbonhalogen bond (C-X) X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H Can contain
TOK: The relationship between a reaction mechanism and the experimental evidence to support it could be discussed. See
Option G: Further organic chemistry (15/22 hours) SL students study the core of these options and HL students study the whole option (the core and the extension material). TOK: The relationship between
Carbonyl Chemistry. aldehydes ketones. carboxylic acid and derivatives. Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Carbonyl Chemistry X aldehydes ketones carboxylic acid and derivatives Electrophiles (eg. + ) Nucleophiles (eg. C 3 MgBr) an enolate Base β β β α α α 1 2 3 4 Nuc- 1 2 Nuc 3 4 1,2-addition 1 2 3 4 Nuc-
Week 6 notes CHEM
Week 6 notes EM1002 2009 Unless otherwise stated, all images in this file have been reproduced from: Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino and Wille, hemistry, 2007 (John Wiley) ISBN: 9 78047081 0866 1 Note
LECTURE #22 Thurs., Nov.15, 2007
Provide a rxn sequence to make these as the major products Answers: 1. i Pr-Cl, AlCl 3 2. conc. fuming? H 2 S 4 3. Cl 2, FeCl 3 or AlCl 3 4. dilute H 2 S 4 note: normally aqueous workup after step 1, but
Lecture 18 Organic Chemistry 1
CEM 232 rganic Chemistry I at Chicago Lecture 18 rganic Chemistry 1 Professor Duncan Wardrop March 9, 2010 1 Nucleophilicity nucleophilicity: measures the strength of the nucleophile ; more nucleophilic
R or S? oxidation #: hybridization:
Remember Lone pair-assisted ionization. ame 15 F07-Exam o. 1 Page I. (0 points) The following compounds are those used in our study on the enzymatic transformation of cholesterol to pregnenolone. 1) Designate