Chemistry 30 Mr. de Bruin Unit 3 Assignment.

Transcription

1 NAME: Chemistry 30 Mr. de Bruin Unit 3 Assignment. All work must be fully shown in all questions to get process marks. As this is a summative assessment item, questions of clarification may be asked, but the teacher will not work through the questions with students.

2 Question 1 Use the following information to answer the question. A chemist performed three trials of an experiment involving a closed system at equilibrium at 700 K. The system can be represented by the equation H 2 (g) + I 2 (g) 2 HI (g) ΔH = 6.70 kj The chemist recorded the equilibrium concentrations of each gas in the table shown below. Equilibrium Concentration Trial H 2 (g) mol/l I 2 (g) mol/l HI (g) mol/l Unknown Unknown 1.55 a. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the formation of HI (g) b. Use the information from trials 1 and 2 to calculate an average value for the equilibrium constant, K c, for the formation of HI (g). Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 1

3 c. In trial 3, the equilibrium was established by allowing a sample of HI (g) to decompose. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of H 2 (g) and I 2 (g) for trial 3. d. Identify a stress that would increase the value of the equilibrium constant and explain how the stress is responsible for the increase. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 2

4 Question 2 Use the following information to answer the question. A technician prepares 500 ml of a mol/l solution of acetic (ethanoic) acid by diluting a concentrated solution of acetic acid with water. The equilibrium equation that represents the reaction that occurs when acetic acid and water react is shown below. CH 3 COOH (aq) + H 2 O (l) CH 3 COO 1 (aq) + H 3 O + (aq) a. For the prepared acetic acid solution, calculate the concentration of H 3 O + (aq) and the ph. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 3

5 Use the following additional information to answer the next part of the question. A technician uses the 500 ml of mol/l acetic acid to prepare an acetic acid sodium acetate buffer solution. She does this by adding mol/l sodium acetate to the mol/l acetic acid until the required ph is reached. b. Identify the shift in equilibrium that will occur when sodium acetate is added to the equilibrium reaction. Predict whether or not there is an effect on the equilibrium constant and if so, what the effect on the equilibrium constant is. c. If small quantities of aqueous sodium hydroxide are added to the buffer solution, predict whether the ph of the acetic acid sodium acetate buffer solution will change or stay the same. Explain your answer. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 4

6 Question 3 Use the following information to answer the first question. A student titrated 50.0 ml of mol/l NH3 (aq) with mol/l HCl (aq). The student used a ph meter to measure the initial ph and the ph after each addition of HCl (aq). The student s data are recorded in the table. Volume of HCl (aq) ph (ml) Volume of HCl (aq) ph (ml) a. Plot the data given above on the grid below and draw a titration curve. Identify the buffer region. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment P age 5

7 b. Determine the ph at the equivalence point. Provide an explanation for the ph value at the equivalence point. (Your explanation may be qualitative or quantitative). c. Select a suitable indicator for this titration and explain why phenol red would not be a good choice. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 6

8 Question 4 Use the following information to answer the question. HOCl (aq) a weak acid, is the active ingredient used in the disinfecting of swimming pools. It can be formed by adding Ca(OCl) 2 (s) tablets to pool water. The ph of a swimming pool should be kept between 7.2 and 7.8 so that the equilibrium [HOCl (aq)] is optimal. Phenol red is used by lifeguards to test ph. Based on the test results with phenol red, a lifeguard may Adjust the ph by adding Na 2 CO 3 (s) Adjust the ph by adding HCl (aq) Not do anything a. Write the net ionic equation that illustrates the formation of HOCl (aq) when Ca(OCl) 2 (s) tablets are added to a swimming pool. b. Identify two characteristics of this system, or of any system, at equilibrium. c. Based on the indicator colour, the lifeguard may choose any one of the three different courses of action. Relate each indicator colour to a course of action. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 7

9 Question 5 An unidentified acid with a concentration of 1.00 mol/l has been given to you to identify. The acid appears in your data booklet on the Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Table. The following test results were recorded. 1. Methyl violet is yellow when added to the acid. 2. The acid did not form a precipitate when a solution containing Ag + (aq) was added to it. 3. The solution turned blue and a gas was formed when a strip of copper was added to the acid. Based on these test results, identify the acid and justify your choice. Your answer should include equations and/or calculations where appropriate. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 8

10 Question 6 A student needed to determine the concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution. To titrate samples of the hydrochloric acid solution she prepared ml of a standard solution of sodium oxalate using 1.85 g of the dry solid. Using the second endpoint, 10.0 ml samples were titrated with the hydrochloric acid solution. Evidence Table 1 Titration of 10.0 ml Samples of Na 2 OOCCOO(aq) with HCl(aq) Final burette reading (ml) Initial Burette reading (ml) Volume HCl (aq) used (ml) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial a. Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution b. Determine the ph of the hydrochloric acid solution. Chemistry 30 Unit 3 Assignment Page 9