The Giant Atom Like System

Transcription

1 Ad. Studis Thr. Phys., Vl. 3, 009,. 4, 4-78 Th Giat At Lik Syst Ead Eldib Chaira f Thrtical Physics Qua Uirsity, Egyt ldib@yah.c Abstract I csidrd th "giat at" as a histrical stag i stags f dlt f th slar syst. I usd th quatu hysics wh I lkd at th icrscic articls fr which th giat at is frd, ad usd th classic hysics wh I lkd at th glbal acrscic fr f th giat at. I ut th rbital radii ad sds f th lats ad als th rati btw ass f th su t ass f its faus i lats as a scal fr tstig this thd f aalysis. I fud clt cgrucy btw y stiatis f ths ariabls ad th kw astric data. Ay way, i this ar, w dclar th discry f a w bjct (th giat charg) frd f chargd assi cact cld rdiary attr ad haig itrcity with slw ti, lw tratur ad lw rssur. Th xrit which w ha t d is d i th sky lab. I a dfiit stc, th slar syst had lft withi its aratrs ay dcuts which rfr t its gradarts (th giat ats). Nt ly this but als w sarchd i th sky t fid bjcts haig siilarity with th giat charg. Als th ricils f th giat charg gis xlaati fr s hysical ha lik rlgati f th lif ti f th strag quark. Fr all th ab w ha t b curag t dclar th discry f th giat at (at last, as histrical xistc). This wrk is built a rsal assus rlgati f th lif ti f th irtual articls which ha fiit lif ti (artiti f rgy isid th giat charg). This rsd artiti factr (which is t arbitrary factr) gis th last ssibl ttial rgy (f sac). I thr dfiit wrds; th last ssibl ttial rgy (E ) which ariss fr th ffct f ucrtaity du t dsity f th baryic attr i th sac (abut hydrg at ass r cubic tr) is a rbabl ig alu. S y ar uts this fact as a bas fr th hysical ricil f th giat at lik syst. S this artiti factr gis th stabl articls with th lwst ssibl rgy ad csqutly gis th articls which ca cdsat t cstruct th iizd giat at lik syst (th giat charg). S th giat charg is t r tha xrssi fr this last ssibl ttial rgy.

2 4 E. Eldib Nt ly that ab but als at th d f this ar I discrd surrisig rlati tis btw th giat at ad th sil t say, at th d, that th giat at has a hysical xistc (at last) as a histrical stag i stags f luti f th slar syst. I - Th ajr at (a rsd irsd at) W ca crat a giat at fr sil hydrg at- lik syst "s.h. l.a." I btw ths tw stags thr is a basic thrtical stag, lt us call it "th ajr at". Sus that w succdd thrtically t bid th lctr f "s.h.l.a." Thrugh a crtai bidig frc with a ubr f utrs qual rst ass f th rt / rst ass f th lctr 844. Ad sus that this rsd bidig rgy is just qual r r tha th ttal rgy btw th lctr ad rt f this s.h.l.a. Nw such a lctr wuld bha as bdy with ass. Oc w crat such a ajr at w will tic that th ctr f ass f this at wuld twards th ajr lctr. I additi t such a dislact (f th ctr f ass) thr ar thr chags ccur i th rlati ti. Bfr gig i athatics f this chatr w ha t sur th fllwig:- Th ajr at sulis us by th classic stiatis f th rlati ti f th giat chargs (f th giat at) as wll as sulis us with th rlati siti f th ctr f ass f th giat at. Als w ha t sur that th stiatis which w ar gig t cclud ccrig th ajr at ar classic stiatis which wuld b s cit ad suitabl fr th big asss f th giat ats. That is t say; Ucrtai stiatis giat at classic stiatis. Nw th rlati tis f th ajr at by th fllwig:- ) ) 3 ) M R M M M R + R R R

3 Th giat at lik syst 43 4 ) R R M 5 ) R R M R 6) N chags ccur th lctric frc f th ajr at R r (Whr th caital lttr syblizs th ajr at, whil th sall syblizs "s.l.h.a") 7) Th ttal rgy als has chags. + R M + M r + (Whr th caital lttrs sybliz th ajr at, whil th sall s sybliz "s.l.h.a") Fr ths quatis w ca stiat "classically": (.8 0 )/.8 0 / 43 / sc (-) 6 (.8 0 ) / sc R R (-) R ) Th agular t by th fllwig quati: M ν R + M ν R k.h O substituti w fid that (M ν R ) culd b igrd s: M ν R k.h O substituti; M ν R 43 h (-3) +

4 44 E. Eldib k 43 (Whr; k is th quatu ubr f th ajr at). Ths quatis a that; aftr w bid th lctr f th hydrg at-lik syst by 840 utrs, its ass wuld b 840 tis as uch as th rt ass. S this ajr lctr ad its rt will xchag thir sitis (rlati t th ctr f ass). This as that th lightr charg f th irsd syst (th rt) wuld ha radius f rbital th alu f th radius f th lctr f th hydrg-lik at th distac btw th tw chargs (f ithr f th tw systs). Th irsd ajr at is ly a hythtical syst sulis us with th cardial lis f a irsd atic syst ad s it sulis us by th classical alu f th sd f th articls th lwst rbit f such syst. S wh w substitut this alu f "R" & "R " i th quati f quilibriu; 5 x 0 4 /sc This fr dfiiti f th irsd hydrg at as; - It is a hydrg at lik syst; s th radius R wuld still qual Bhr radius. - It is irsd; s th sitis f th chargs rlati t th ctr f ass wuld b irsd. S; 3- R R Bhr radius. W ca g furthr as fllw; - Th ajr atic syst is a rsd hythtical syst wuld b a bas fr th rlati stiati f th irsd giat at. This giat at wuld b suitabl t us th hysical dscritis i a sarat fr & with crtaity. S w wuld us th a liar tu (as xal) as th crss ".". - T udrstad wll th aig f th irsd hydrg at-lik syst ad its first quatu ubr which w calld k 43, w ha t fllw u th fllwig: a) Put th hysical dscritis f a hydrg at-lik syst (w ca call fr th urs f caris th ld syst) i frt f yu, s it has: A lctr with lctrstatic ttial rgy i th fild f th rt gi by (7), (4) ; r Ad ttal rgy; Ad, Ad s, E E t r r h r 4 π r h Whr; is th first quatu ubr f this syst. S,

5 Th giat at lik syst 45 4 π E h Whr; is th ass f th lctr. b) Put i yur id that ur ai is t dal with a giat at, s us th hysical dscriti f th ld syst with th sa ricils f th giat at. That is t say; us ths hysical dscritis as sarat & dfid s! S w ca us th a alu f th sd as a dfid & sarat alu as a fucti fr th rgy stat. S, fr 0 8 E 4.3 j /sc 6 f rt.8 0 This is th irrlati sd f th rt f th sil at. Th rlati sd (rlati t that f th lctr) f th rt; /sc c) Th w syst (th ajr ) has th irrlati tis: /sc /sc d) Th rlati f th w syst is : /sc ) Th aig f (k) ariss fr th caris btw th alus f th rlati sd f th rt f th tw systs. This alu i th ld syst was; /sc whil i th w it bcs; f) This as that th rt fr th sid f iw f th rlati ti wh ut i th w syst has acquird r rs t th shll ubr 43 f th w syst k (quatu ubr f th w syst) 43

6 46 E. Eldib This as that t trasit th rt fr th first rbital f th ld syst t th first rbital f th w syst w ha t ut k 43 Furthrr, this as that th rcss f trasissi (fr th ld t th w) itslf, as k Nw th rt f th w syst has ttal rgy; E k 4 π h k (whr k 43) 4- Fr th urs f caris ut th lctr f ld syst which has: E 4 π h 5- Put i th ab tw quatis; ( 840) & k ( 840) Fr; E E (whr k 43) k This as that wh trasit fr th ld syst t th w irsd atic syst, th lctr f th ld syst wuld b rlacd by th rt f th w syst fr th sid f iw f th ctr f ass ad sid f iw f th lctric ttial & ttal rgy. 6- W ca g furthr fr th urs f caris ad cclud th frqucy f th rgy ittd du t trasissi f th ld syst fr th scd t th first rbital ad that rgy ittd du t trasissi f th rt f th w syst fr th scd t th first rbital i its w asurt (r fr th 44 th t 43 th rbital fr th sid f iw f th ld syst) 4 E E π υ h h "υ " f th w syst rlati t th asurts f th ld syst 4 π h Csqutly th sd as a sarat & dfid hysical rrty f th rt f th w syst rlati t th asurts f th ld wuld b ,,

7 Th giat at lik syst 47 Whr; is itgr. This as that th w syst wuld s its csqut sds (i th csqut shlls) fr th alu f a shll t th alu f th csqut shll withut fractiati. Th ld syst with its w asurts has athr glbal iw "I s fractiati f yur diffrt sds" 8- Th wa ubr (k+), k which is crrsdig t υ ( k +)( k ) c is 4 π 3 ch Th "rbit lgth" f th first rbit f th w syst (fr th sid f th ld it is th 43) λ Q λ c υ υ E h Whr E is th wrk d d t ull th rt fr this rbit t ifiit 3 ch λ π ( 43) 4 λ Bhr radius ch π If w ut D Brligi rlati f th 43 th. rbital f th w syst (th first fr its sid f iw) λ h 7 Q.7 0 k. g & /sc λ 43 Th rlati has t b ut th fr: λ ( 43) h 43 λ This gis ifrati that; λ (rbital lgth) λ 43 & k 43 - W ca suariz ad clarify th aig f th factr "k" as fllw: Th rlati classical sd f th rt f "s.h.l.a" is;

8 48 E. Eldib ad th wa lgth f "th rlati ti" has accrdig t D Brligi rlati; λ & ( ) ( ) ( ) h Th rt f th ajr atic syst fr th sid f iw f this rlati ti wuld b raisd 43 shlls, s th rlati ti wuld b dcrasd by th factr 43 t bc; /sc Csqutly th wa lgth f this rlati ti wuld icras by th sa factr t bc; λ This gis a dfid aig fr th factr "43" Th rbital t b frd accrdig t th quati f quilibriu a bud stat ha t b frd by rbital lgth; λ 43λ Th ab rlati wuld b th hysical bas f "th irsd giat hydrg at lik syst" r sily, "th giat at". Th ajr syst is a hythtical syst; w d t i ur ar d fr it r tha th tid ab. Ay way, w ca gi just a suggsti fr th rgy bidig its lctr with 840 utrs as fllw; Th lctr which has a rst radius abut lis i th ctr f th caity f a shr whs surfac is frd f 840 utrs. Th i-btw distacs f ths utrs ar i th rag f th shrt frc. Such a cstructi ca suly th lctr with th hful bidig rgy. D Brgili wa f th rbital f th ajr at:- Th ajr lctr has a ass qual 844 tis that f th rt which rtats arud th ajr lctr sulyig th lgth f th rbit. S th rt f th ajr at bys: (. ν ) λ h (Whr th factrs btw th bracts is th tu f th rt f th ajr at)

9 Th giat at lik syst 49 Puttig th classic alu f ν λ π [( ) 43] Fr dfiiti f "k" kλ π R π k [( ) 43] Put "k" 43 R If λ is th wa lgth f th "s.h.l.a" ad if λ is that f th ajr at λ λ k λ R π kλ Bhr π radius Radiusf th ajr at At th d f this chatr w ha t sur that th attr wa f th rt f th ajr syst wuld b frr th bas f th attr wa f th giat rt s w will us frr:- Th rbital sd /sc λ λ 43 π [( ) 43] S, λ h That is t say fr th sid f iw f dislact f th ctr f ass th ajr at culd b ad as "th irsd at". This irsd at is th hysical & athatical bas f th giat at. Th fllwig chatr is athr bas fr cstructig th giat at. II- γ-ht as a lctragtic strig () γ-ht is a ass lss subatic articl rssibl fr th lc. frc. Its lif ti culd b ccludd fr th fild f th first rbit f th s.l.h.a. as fllws. 8 E A j (-) r Δ Δt h E (-) Put E Δ E (-3) Δ t sc (-4)

10 50 E. Eldib () Nw sus that w succdd classically & thrtically t arrst such a articl ad sus that w dalt with it as a tru articl i.. has a ass i kilgra ad a lgth i tr that is t say th xtdd distac "Δx" wuld b rlacd ΔE c classically by th lgth " l " ad th alu ass "" xrssd i kilgra. wuld b rlacd by th Th sus that w diidd such a ass hgusly r its lgth. W ca gi th fllwig xlaatry xal: sus w ha a ass qual "4" kilgra ad its lgth qual "00" w wat t distribut such a ass 00 (hgusly) such a lgth, th w ha t diid ach k.g it uits. 4 That is t say w bga as ψ ( l ) th w succdd t ak ψ ( l ) 00 I th last xal w ca say that th rati f artiti ( u ) 4 O th sa way rgardig γ-pht:- u Δx Δ l cδt Δ But,( Δ c) Δx h Δ h Δx. c h c Δt 3 c ( Δt) u (-5) h ut Δt u (-6) (3) W ccludd th rgy f γ-ht fr Culb law as fllw (9) : E 4 πε x A x.3 0 x 8 (-7) ΔE h Δt ch Δx.3 0 Δx 6 Q (-8) x Δx At EΔ E Fr (-6), (-7), (-8) Δx (30) Equati (-7) rsbls th law f th rgy f th rst ass which is: x

11 Th giat at lik syst 5 E A c (-9) r Whr r culd b csidrd as th rst radius f γ-ht. This as that t dal actually with γ-ht as a tru articl i.. as a attr w ha t ut its quati th fr f (4) : E A x S, x Δx 30 (-0) u lt us x cll th factr u as c c (-) Nw γ-ht is frd f a big but liitd ubr f shrs qual "" ad i btw thr ar " +" ubr f strigs. Each strig i a rst ar i.. udr irtial tsi qual "t ". This strig lik gru is ut-say-i x-dircti ad s it ca ibrat udr th ffct f "t " i y-dircti (trasrs ibratis) s th dircti f ti f its articls is alg x-dircti. Such a gru bhas as "strig" (xct i that it has a big but liitd shrs i.. (4), (5) t ifiit) s it bys y( x, t) c x τ Its way fr is: y( x, t) x y( x, t) 0 t y( x, t) 0 t Rgardig " γ- ht" as a wa c 0 t c c (9 0 6 ) (0-4.08) N. (-) If w r back t th rdiary fr f γ- ht i.. as a ass lss articl ad if w ccludd its ffcti frc fr th first rbital f "s.h.l.a." 4

12 5 E. Eldib 8 A F N. (-3) x (5.3 0 ) Fr th last tw quatis; F t 0 This as that w succdd t rtur F t Ad csqutly this surs that w succdd t arrst such a articl ad dal with it as a tru articl. Nw th rdiary " γ-ht " xhibits its ffcti frc thrughut its ti by th sd "" c Our γ-ht (which w dal with it as strig lik gru) has th sa ti ad th sa sd c (whr c t c ) But bcaus γ- ht is w diidd by th rati wuld b ultilid by th factr "c ". c s its ffcti frc O th sa discussi w ca stulat that a factr lik "c " is als itrducd th uclar frc ladig t diiuti f its rgy. Q ΔE Δt h Th rcss f artiti f rgy wuld lad t lgati f "Δt". S th articls which ha a fiit lif ti (γ-ht & s) wuld b artitid whil th articls haig ifiit lif ti (grait) wuld t b artitid. W ha t sur that such artiti f th subatic articls haig a fiit lif ti is a scial rrty fr th fild "isid th giat charg". III - Arach t th giat charg - If w ha articls distributd hgusly with a high dsity frig a shrical sha, th w ha ttal bidig rgy qual () : 0.6 (.).(.) (Γ/r) Whr; r is th radius f th shr, ad Γ Nwtia cstat. This E B is abut. tis as uch as th rgy brigig th tw arts f th shr fr ifiity t th gtrical ctr f this shr (). If athr far ad hair shr lyig R distac fr th first ad xhibitig with it lctric frc, ad if th first rbits th ctr f ass f th tw shrs

13 Th giat at lik syst 53 th thr wuld b a cditi ha t b fulfilld t dal with th syst as tw bdis (t as articls). This cditi is E B E T r athatically (. ) Γ (. ) 0.6 r R (3-) Whr; is th alu f a charg. This law ca gi a rlati btw r & R f a circular rbit. W wuld tic thrugh th fllwig discussi that "th giat at tds frr t ccuy th iial ssibl quatity f attr" s th quati ab wuld b: (. ) Γ (. ) 0.6 r R - If w ha a uch ubr f idtical chargs ccuyig a caratily s sall lu that th lctric rgy rducd is s grat that th sd f ach f ths chargs xcds th sd f light c. This is hysically frbidd by th ricil; bdy ti xcds c. If such a diu had a atural xistc, th it has t fid a sluti fr this ctradicti. Th sluti ariss fr th fllwig ricils: a- N bdy ti xcds c. b- Th chargs f ay syst ha t b csrd. c- Th crss f th cjugat ΔE.Δt is csrd. S, fr sluti f this ctradicti ad byig all th ab ricils; th lif ti f th irtual sub-atic articls which has fiit lif ti wuld b lgatd by its w lgatig factr. W stiatd such factr f γ ht t b qual It is asy t stiat th lgatig factr f th strg frc trasittr. Th graitatial articl (grait) has ifiit lif ti (9) ad s culd t b lgatd, ad s wuld b utsid th rcss f artiti. It is asy t cclud that th ttal fractiatd bidig rgy f th shrt frc r a articl (E s ) is uch lss tha th ttal graitatial rgy r a articl (E t ) g ad s th first is caratily gligibl. Prirdial histrical bdis had xistc i th ld ast ad fr which th slar syst had cratd. Ths bdis which w call th giat ats had t th sa ctradicti ad had sld it by th sa lis f slutis. This ida is t arbitrary rsal. W will shw that th giat at had lft i th slar syst ay idcs that sur its ast xistc. c

14 54 E. Eldib 3- Th last it lads als t csidr that th ttal bidig rgy f th graity f th whl shr is r tha th rulsi rgy du t th lc. fild ad csqutly is uch r tha th bidig rgy f th shrt frcs. (E t ) g > E t ) >> E s 4- Fr th last it ad bcaus f (E t ) g >> E s th th distac f th shrt frc is brk, ad bcaus f th gati rssur du t ucrtaity is rducd by th chais tid i th fllwig chatr s w xct that th rag f th ibtw distac is Ct wa lgth (s latr). S it is cit t ut this lgth rlati t th radius f th shr (r) as fallws. Ct w. l. ~ h c r r (0 ) (3-) E t ttal bidig rgy A whr "r" is th radius f th shr. r IV- Th giat charg ad rgy f accu Eisti ha ut th xrssi zr- it rgy t rfr t th iial alu f rgy f a syst r a bdy ad rfr als t rgy f acuu. This zr it rgy is rlat t th cslgic cstat ad als t th dsity f th dark rgy which is fud by th cslgists t qual 0-9 g/cc (6) which gis acuu fluctuati with iial ΔE alu. This alu sulis th uirs with its baryic attr dsity which agai- is fud by th cslgist t qual 0-9 g/cc. This last rati is quialt t hydrg at r a tr r utr ass- articl / tr which gis fr D Brligi rlati; h /s E ( ). ( ) j (4-) This is th lwst ttial rgy which acuu (I a with acuu; sac f th uirs) ca suly fr a syst. Actually th giat charg, udr th ffct f artiti f rgy, has th last ssibl quatizd rgy ad th last ssibl itral ti s it is cld attr bjct. Th factr Δ/Δx is itrducd all th diatr irtual articls with fiit lif ti t rlg its lif ti by th irs f this factr. Th lctragtic diatr wuld xsd, isid th giat charg, t th factr c 0-4 s this factr has th biggst alu ag th thr siilar factrs. S w ca xct that th classical ttial lctragtic rgy f th sil hydrg at isid th giat charg has th sa alu E f acuu rgy. (E ), ad th scd is; it allws frati f th

15 Th giat at lik syst 55 Nw lt us lk at a sil hydrg at ad itrduc a factr aks its rgy quialt t (E ) f acuu: By culb law;. r.4πє E If w ut: r Bhr radius. E E j (4-) S, is th quialt factr which aks th rgy f this sil syst quialt t (E ) f acuu. Fr th last quati w ca stiat: 0-4 c Th gati rssur f th giat charg: Isid th giat charg thr is chais f rlgati f lif ti f th "fiit ti- irtual articls" (rducti f rgy) which yilds tw factrs: Factr which acts, as w discussd, by artiti f γ ht ad thr diatrs. Ad athr factr acts th irtual articls causig th gati rssur f ucrtaity. S th utr ass- articl ha a artiti factr it's ass r its rst radius Δ/Δx (4-4) This acts t rlg th lif ti by th fllwig suggstd chais. Put sd f th articl ad ω sd f th wa attr s fr D Brligi rlati; h (. ) (λ ) c /υ (. 0 ).(ω/ ) t Fr ucrtaity rlati; (ħ. ) Δ{ (. )}Δx Δ{.(. )} Δ{(. )( t / )} (4-5) S this factr gis slw ti, sall rssur, sall ucrtaity ad sall quatizati s th friic articls ca clustr ad clu. This gis xlaati fr th xistc f: Th giat charg (as cld baryic attr), th utr clustrs (utriu) as hythtical lt ad th sall strag attr lik straglt ad assi cact hal bjct. V- Th giat charg ad th straglt with atic ubr qual r lss tha 0 7 ad radius 0-3 This straglt with th last tid aratrs is sall cld dark strag attr bud at zr tratur ad rssur. (8) Its quark ds t fr idiidual barys but ha wa fuctis ragig r th tir syst (8) s it acts as bdy whs ai rgy is du t ucrtaity f bdy haig a ass qual at st k.g. Put Δx 0-3. Fr quati (4-4) ucrtaity gis; Δ /s Ad csqutly ΔE ( ) ( ). 0-4 j

16 56 E. Eldib This is quialt t th lwst rgy fluctuati f th sac (ΔE ). Icras th atic ubr r tha 0 7 i this bdy is frbidd by th last quatis. Fr this chatr ad th xt w ha t tic that w ar gig with th uifid fild thry th fr f quialcy (isid th giat charg) f th lwst ttial rgy f acuu with that f lctragtis ad that f graitati. This grat rsult is t strag. Alfs Ruda ad Brhard Haisch ha ublishd that th atic structur culd b attributd t th itracti btw a charg ad acuu rgy (7), (3). Othr scitists statd als that th irtual articls f th lctrwak ad strg frcs bit fr acuu th crrsdig rgy (). I 997 Ruda ad Haisch ublishd that th irtial ass itracts with acuu rgy t gi th xrssi f graitati (9). Othr scitists ublishd ay rsarchs abut cdsatis ad cluig f friic attr frig sur fluid, surcductrs ad sur ats (0). O th sa way w ca xlai th rlgd ti f th strag quark; Th lif ti f th quark which frs th rdiary attr 0-3 scd whil that f th strag quark 0-0 scd with rlgati factr 0-3 tis. This rlgati culd b stiatd fr th ricils f th giat charg as fllw Fr quati (4-4) ut ass f s r its rag f acti as fllw; P Δ / Δx tis. VI- Th giat at (3) Th giat charg t b rst, th fllwig cditi ha t b fulfilld that is; th bidig rgy btw th articls ha t b r tha r just qual th rgy (r a rt) licitd fr th lctric fild. If w ut, c ubr f utrs f th giat rt ń ubr f utrs f th giat lctr P P P ubr f th chargs isid th giat charg. M ass f a rt r a utr alu f a charg i culb. T th graitatial cstat (.) T (.). c 4πε (6-) (. ) T (.). c 4πε (6-).4 0 (6-3)

17 Th giat at lik syst 57 (.4 0 )844 (6-4) This as that th ass f th giat rt is lss tha that f th giat lctr by th alu s th first rtats arud th scd. (Giat irsd at). Th giat rt t rbit th giat lctr r by thr wards: Th ctr f ass f th first t rbit th ctr f ass f th syst, th fllwig cditi ha t b fulfilld that is; th ttal bidig rgy f th all articls isid th giat charg ha t b just qual r r tha th ttal lctric rgy btw th giat rt ad its giat lctr. (. )(. ) T (0.6) 3 r (. )(. ).(/ ) 4πε R (6-5) 3 Whr; " r. " r radius f th "giat rt" ad "R" th distac btw th tw giat chargs f th giat at (i.. th radius f "giat at". If th last cditi was fulfilld th th giat rt wuld rbit th giat lctr as fllw: (. ) (. )(. ) 4πε R (6-6) This culd b writt as:. (. ) 4 πε R. Whr i all ab; th ass f a utr ass f a rt Fr (6-5) & (6-7) (. ) (. )(. ) T (.). 3 r. (6-7)

18 58 E. Eldib (. ) T (.) T. 3 (.) 3 r. r (6-8) Fr all ab /sc (6-9) (6-0) (6-) R 0 0 (6-) W ha t ut ths rsults i ur id till w study th scd stag f th giat at. It is usful at th d f this chatr t stiat ad cclud fr quatis 4-4 ad 6-0 that th graitatial bidig rgy i th giat charg is gratr tha th siti rgy f th rssur du t ucrtaity. Als it is irtat t sus fr all th ab succssful rsults that th iial distac fr acti f th rlgati factrs is Ct wa lgth s th articls ar frbidd t b ulld furthr by th acti f ucrtaity whr c. VII-Th hug charg Equati (6-7) sulis us with a irtat hysical aig that is "th hug charg". Th hug charg is th uit f th giat charg. That is t say; th giat at is frd f a ubr qual "" f th hug chargs. Each hug charg has; ass u. & a attr wa lgth qual Ad s it has th rlati; λ λ λ 43 u λ u h Or i th fr: λ h Or i th fr: λ h 43

19 Th giat at lik syst 59 Th circufrc f th rbital (if it is circular) πr quals "suati f th was f th hug rts" tis 43 r qual th lgth λ u ultilid by th ubr f λ u ( λ ) 43} πr { u Whr; ubr f th rts which is quialt t ubr f th hug rts ad csqutly quialt t ubr f thir was. π R λ 43 Or i th fr: λ πr 43 λ 43 Whr λ is th wa lgth f th first rbit f "s.h.l.a" λ (π) Put (7-) R 0 0 (7-) (This is th sa rsult w gt bfr) Th scal Nw w ar arach t th ai ida f ur wrk. Our wrk suss xistc f what w ca call "giat at". Ralizati f this dl dds cgrucy f th data which w gai fr this giat at, th data f th slar syst. Our wrk is frd f tw itrfrig arts, th first, suss rsc f this dl th fllws u t cclud data this giat at, lik radius f rbit, lcity tc. Hr w ar i frt f th qusti, what is th scal, which dcids alidity f this rsal? W susd rsc f this dl (th giat at) which is frd f giat rt ad giat lctr. Ad susd trig f th factr (c ) th lctric cstat isid th giat rt ad th giat lctr. Th what is th scal which dcids alidity f this susiti? Hr w ar i frt th scd art f ur wrk. This is th labratry allwd fr rificati f rsc f this dl. W w g back t th ast i.. t th startig it f crati f th slar syst. If w csidrd th slar syst was frd f uits, ach uit was a giat at, ad if w ccludd atic data fr this giat at th car it with th astrical data f th slar syst, ad if th tw data ar tyical, th this is th scal f alidity f ur dl. W kw that th slar syst is frd f i lats rtat arud th su. Th arst t th su is rcury which has a radius f rbit abut /sc.

20 60 E. Eldib Th fllwig tabl shws th syst which th lats by (), (6) ; Mrcury Vus Satur Plut / R (.36) 5 00 Tabl -- Our suggsti stats that:- ) Each lat had frd (histrically) f siilar ad hlgus uits. Th ubr f th lat uits culd b ccludd by diidig th lat ass r th ass f th giat rt ) Each f ths uits had bhad as a giat rt. 3) Each lat uit had a su which had bhad as a giat lctr. 4) Th lat uit had rtatd a bas f quatu chaics arud its su uit frig a syst f "giat at". 5) Aftr a ti, a scd stag (s latr) had bgu. Th lctric fild f th giat at disaard ad a ffcti Nwtia fild rlacd it. 6) Th ld syst had fiishd by ui f all th su uits t fr "su" ad ui f th tyical lat uits t fr lat. S th diffrt lat uits had frd i lats. S w w ha su ad i lats. Th rati btw ass f th Su ad that f all th lats. This rati (u) culd b stiatd fr:- - Nubr f uits f th giat rts ubr f uits f th giat lctrs. S, ubr f th lats uits ubr f th sus uits. - d D (fr th aig f d ad D s latr) 3- Fr ab:- u 840 Th astric data ral that this rati is ly abut 750. S thr is rrr factr i ur stiati abut.4 Als w stiatd (R) f th lat Mrcury as; R 0 0 Th astric data ral that (R) is ly abut with rrr factr abut /

21 Th giat at lik syst 6 Th fllwig chatr is aalysis fr this rrr factr. VIII- Th rrr factr Th giat at rquirs; - rt (.4 0 ) 844 giat lctr. 3- (. ) T r. 3 This is a cditi rquird fr xistc f th giat This is a cditi rquird fr xistc f th This is a cditi rquird fr rbitig th giat rt th lwst rbital f th giat at. Csqutly; ubr f th rts f th giat rt ubr f th lctrs f th giat lctr Fr ab w stiatd: R 0 0. u 840 W ut a ricil that: th giat charg i its xistc ad rbitig tds t ccuy th last rbabl alu f attr. Equati (6-4) had ut th cditi rquird fr rbitig th giat rt i a circular rbit, s it glctd that th rbital is t a circular. It is llitical. W shwd that th lat Mrcury its birth was a giat at with th sa "" ad "R" f th giat at. S lt us bgi fr th d f th stry. Mrcury ds t rbit i a circular rbit but it rbits as llitical with (5) ; cctricity () 0., a alu f rbitig sd ) /sc, a alu f radius f rbital R ( R ) ad sd at rihli ) /sc. Nw fr th ab astric data w ( ca discr a dificati i th ricil which w ut t ctrl all th quatis f xistc ad rbitig f th giat rt. This dificati shuld b; th giat rt ha t ccuy th last rbabl attr just ugh t rsist its xistc ad rbitig, ad just ugh t rsist ay xtral factr which ay thrat its xistc ad rbitig th ll f ti (ti) ad ll f sac (disis). (

22 6 E. Eldib Th xtral factr hr which thrats th rbitig f th giat rt (as rigid bdy) is ) sd at rihli. This ds; th quati (6-4) has t ( b difid as: ( ) /sc S; ( ) (8-) If th stiatis f all th lats (th giat rts) ha th sa rrr factr ad s its () is ultilid by th factr () th; th ass f all th lats shuld b ultilid by th sa factr. This wuld lad dirctly t; u 840 / 90 (8-) I additi t ab, if w ut i csidrati th astric data which stat that: th Su durig its lif ha lst (fr csuti f ful ad ay b fr th s calld stllar wid) s rati f its ass th w ca csidr: u ass f Su at its birth: ass f all th lats 750 This gis clt cgrucy btw ur stiatis ad th astric data. Nw if () is t affctd by this factr (as w will s) th;- R (f quati 6-) ad th sa R (f quati 6-4) Wuld b diidd th sa factr t b difid as:- R ( 0 0 ) / (8-3) This gis als, cgrucy btw ur stiatis ad th astric data W saw that th stiatd () i quati (6-8) shuld b ultilid by a factr qual (). This factr csqutly, ithr fllwd by icras f "" by th sa factr (that is wh "/" t affctd by this factr) r "/" is affctd by th sa factr if "" t affctd at all. W will study th scd sluti as fllw; Affcti f "/" by th factr "" as xistc f s factr r s tr acts isid th giat rt ad wrks as ctrifugal frc r actually, wrks as a kitic rgy bsid th rulsi lctric kitic rgy du t th utual itracti f th rts isid th giat rt. This latr is sd (as i quati"6-") by th graitatial ttial rgy. If such w kitic rgy is arisig fr th chargs isid th giat rt th w d additial rsistig attr t s such w kitic rgy. S w xct aarac f a w tr ha t b suatd with th lctric fild (f quati 6- ) lads t icras f th alu f th rati /. Nw lt us bgi fr th d f th stry by usig th w data (th factr ad its squcs). Th giat rt (Mrcury) rbits i llitical lik sha haig sd at ahli ν a /sc Δν (ν ) (ν a ) /sc Lt us study th ffct f this Δν th chargs isid th giat rt.

23 Th giat at lik syst 63 Th giat rt (th lat Mrcury) is rbitig i llitical lik sha ad has:- - Circufrc f rbital π R (astric data). - Diatr f th giat rt r {(0-6 ) ( /3 )} (0-6 ) {( ) } / (8-4) 3- Each articl trals fr (ν ) t (ν a) wuld ha 4 7 ( 0 ) (.7 0 ) 9 Δ Δ ΔE k j (8-5) Nw lt us ut this giat rt its rbital ad study its ti withi th half f th lgth f circufrc f this rbital. Th trasitial () wuld b affctd fr (ν ) t (ν a ), r i th sit dircti, by th alu Δν Nw lt us fix th ti, s ti but ly th giat rt ccuis a art f th lgth f th half f this circufrc. This art quals th lgth f th diatr f th giat rt. Each articl f th giat rt durig its ti th half f th circufrc (withut fixati f ti) wuld acquir (r lss):- 4 7 ( 0 ) (.7 0 ) 9 Δ Δ ΔE k j If w fix th ti ad study th ffct f this additial kitic rgy th chargs f th giat rt th w ha t ut (r) a art f th lgth f th half f th circufrc π R. ΔE k th ll f this art is:- ( ){ (r) (π R)} ΔE k {(0.35) (8 0 0 )} ( )( 0 - ) j (8-6) T study th ffct f such alu f rgy th chargs isid th rbitig giat rt w ha t study tw its, f th is th kitic rgy f th rulsi lctric fild (E) isid th giat rt (that is t kw th carati ffct f ΔE k quati 6-). Th scd it ariss fr; if w iagi a rigid bdy lis th sa llitical rbit ad is affctd, durig its ti, by Δν ad if w fix th ti ad lk at f th tw dgs f this bdy which lis arr t ν ad lk, at th sa ti, t th articls which li th sit dg w will fid that th tw dgs tral by tw diffrt trasitial lcitis ad csqutly th bdy,if it ds't ha ugh bidig rgy, wuld tral as articls t as bdy. This as dirctly that; th giat rt which is built th bas f th last rbabl attr ad csqutly cat lss ay f its attr thrwis it as a whl ad as xistc wuld b lst t rsr its xistc agaist this risk factr shuld ha a bidig rgy r a articl qual j Of curs, th articls li away fr th dgs wuld ha sallr alu f (ΔE k ) i a diffrtial fucti ad csqutly d sallr bidig rgy tha that f th

24 64 E. Eldib dgs. This diffrtial fucti shuld t b a caus fr th giat rt t ha a bidig rgy r a articl sallr tha ΔE k thrwis th dgs wuld b brk ad th xistc f th bdy wuld b thrat ad ay b lst. Th last discussi rals that; if th lctric rulsi rgy isid th giat rt ha t b sd by graitatial bidig rgy which aard i quati (6-) as th rati ''/'', th th w kitic rgy which arusd fr th xtral factr du t uttig th giat rt i llitical rbital (with cctricity abut.) ha t b sd by xcss f this graitatial rgy which will aar as dificati i th rati / (i quati 6-). Nw lt us g t th it i which w s th csidrabl ffct f this ΔE k if card with th lctric rulsi rgy isid th giat rt. As i quati (6-):- (0.6) (.). T/r (0.6) (.) c (4πε )r j This is th rgy f th lctric rulsi r a charg. T cclud this rgy r a articl f th giat rt w ha t diid this alu (/) t b qual: ( ) j (8-7) Car this alu with that f quati (8-6) (8-6) (8-7) This as, dirctly, that w ha t dify quati (6-) ad add a tr, i its right sid, quialt t th alu f th rgy f th lctric rulsi. By thr wards: w ha t ultily th right sid by th factr (). This rsult, dirctly, as that; th rati / has t b ultilid by th sa factr. It ay b usful t stiat at th d f this chatr th ttal bidig rgy isid th giat rt as:- E B ( ).. / ( ). / ( ) / j. IX- Th clicatd giat ats (hyr-giat at) Th tyical giat rt was dtrid by:- (.4 0 ) /sc Th ubr f its utrs has a iial alu qual ( ) at th a alu f th rbitig sd This alu f () was dtrid by th basic sklt f th giat at which is th ajr at. Csqutly, w stiatd () ad (R). Th rbital with highr rgtic stats i th xrssi f th giat atic syst is frd by

25 Th giat at lik syst 65 iddt sarat systs. Ths highr systs wuld b calld th hyr-giat at. Thy by th fllwig: Nthig frbid th ursig diu t rduc hyr-giat ats with { ( )}.d Whr d > Nw th tyical giat at has a wa attr i tw frs: That f th whl bdy (which has ass qual ".") with csqutly, rbitig sd ) /sc ( Th giat rt, as a whl, had acquird this sd fr th utual lctric fild f th giat at. This sd was dfid, iitially, by th rigial syst which is th ajr at. This sd f th whl bdy wuld b ffrd t its uits which ar th hug rts. This hug rt which has acquird sd will dfi a ass u. a attr wa λ λ u with this Th rbital lgth is dtrid by ultilicati f (43 λ u ) by ubr f ths was which as (i th xrssi f th giat atic syst) ubr f th hug rts. Nw a hyr-giat rt with th factr (d) lads t dcras f its rbitig sd by th sa factr ad csqutly, dcras sd f its uits (th hug rts) ad s csqutly, icras f λ ad λ by th sa factr. Th rbital lgth f this hyr-giat at is frd by ultilicati f wa lgth f th hug rt (which icrasd by th factr d) by ubr f ths was which as ubr f th hug rts which icrasd by th sa factr du t icras (whr; / is frr cstat). S; th rbit f th hyr-giat at is t frbidd: - By th rlati f th wa attr f th bdy as a whl (bcaus f its wa lgth is s sall that it is t carabl with th big λ u f th hug rt. S th wa lgth f th whl bdy ds t shar iitially, i th lgth f th rbit) - By th rlati f th wa attr f th hug rts. Th rbital is t als frbidd by th law f quilibriu f th frcs f th hyr-giat at as:- (. P ) (. ) R (. ) u

26 66 E. Eldib Whr; P is th ubr f th lctrs f th giat rts (this ubr is t affctd bcaus it, frr, quals ). Icras "" f th hyr-giat at by th factr "d" i th right sid f th quati is balacd by icras "" f th lft sid by th sa factr whr ( / ) is cstat. S th quati ca tak th fr f th hug rt as: (. P ) R {. ( / )}. S; (R. ) is csrd. Each hyr-giat at rrsts (whrr th ab rlatis ar csrd) iddt syst with its w rgtic stat. Ths lis xlai why th diffrt lats (th hyr-giat ats with diffrt rgtic stats) rbit with diffrt sds i a fractial rati (, /.36, /.6 ). That is bcaus thig frbids th ursig diu t rduc hyr-giat rts with;,.36,.6.. S athatically, th giat at is abl by its ackt f laws t crat th fllwig laws f th hyr-giat syst: ) Th giat rt has a ass qual M X Whr "X" is th ass f th hug rt M (. ) (9-) Th giat lctr has, M (. )844 (9-) Put th factr "d" as a ubr aris fr "" t "0". Nw ultily "d" i quati (9-). Th hyr- giat rt has a ass. ) d ( (9-3) W ha t tic that th factr btw th sall brackts is th hug rt ass. Nw w ca cclud that "d" as additi f hug rts isid th giat at s: d A. P (whr; "A" has alu fr t 0). ) Put "D" "d" ad ultily i quati (9-)

27 Th giat at lik syst 67. D ( ) 844 Th ass f th hyr- giat lctr This as that th hug lctr ass wuld icras by th factr "D". That is t say "D" is a quialt ubr t d (aris fr t 0) ad as additial utrs ( additial chargs).wh "D" is itrducd th giat lctr ad wh "d" is itrducd th giat rt. Q D d W ar still csrig th ctr f ass f th hyr-giat at. Th ti f th giat rt bys th fllwig. (. ) 4πε R This is th first byd by th giat at. W ha t tic that th ass f th rtatig bdy is th ass f th hug charg s this ass is accaid by a wa whs lgth λ ad s th ti wuld by: ( λ ).. h This is D Brligi frula but i a hug fr. 3- Th suati f th was f th giat rt wuld fr th lgth f th rbit as:- λ πr Whr; λ λ 43 Ths laws ar abl t dal with th rbitals f all th lats as fllw; (. ). d 4πε.( R. d ) (9-4) W ha t tic that addig w hug rts (d) ds t chag th ass f th hug rt s it is still qual.. Als w ha t tic that addig th factr "D" which as additial utrs addd t th giat lctr wuld t chag its ubr f chargs (P P)

28 68 E. Eldib λ. d h (9-5) d W ha agai tic that th factr "d" wuld t affct th hug rt ass, but wh it lads t dcras "ν" by th factr "d" it wuld csqutly lad t lgati f λ by th sa factr. 3 λ. d (. d ) π ( R. d ) (9-6) This as hysically that th factr "d" wuld rsult i lgati f λ by th alu "d" as wll as icras f th ubr f λ by th sa alu. This ad that lad t icras f "R" by th alu d. By this way th giat at succds t dal with i diffrt rbits thrughut a ackt f laws f classic & quatu hysics. Nw ut (d) & (d ) as fllw: Mrcury Vus Satur Plut /d / d R (.36) 5 00 Tabl -- O th sa discussi w ca ut th factr "D" i th gral quati as fllw:- ) Th hug lctr bys:. 844 r R (. ). (4πε ) Whr: P ubr f th chargs i th giat rt alu f a charg i culb. R th distac btw th ctr f ass f th giat lctr ad that f th giat rt. r th distac btw th giat lctr ad th ctr f ass f th giat at. ν th sd f rtati f th hug lctr (arud th ctr f ass f th giat at)

29 Th giat at lik syst 69 ) Th clicatd (highr rgtic stat) hug lctr bys: -.. D 844 r. D D (.. d ). ( R. d ).4πε (9-7) Put D d Th law f quilibriu f frcs is still csrd by th hyr-giat at. Als it is clar that th clicatd at still csr th (rrsd) ctr f ass as wll as th rlati tis. Th radius f th rbital f th clicatd giat at is, still, dfid by th suati f th attr was f th clicatd giat rt. At th d f this chatr w ha t tic: d D, s th syst is still csrig its ctr f ass as wll as its rlati ti. By ths factrs (d ad D) w ca stiat R ad f ach lat. Our stiatis shwd that:- M u M s 750 R ν /sc Ths athatic cclusis which basd th s calld "giat at" ar cltly cgrut with th astric data which ar wll kw abut th slar syst. It is wll kw that: ) Th ass f th su t th ttal asss f th i lats is abut "750" tis. ) It is wll kw that th radius f rtati f th arst lat (t th su) is abut " ". 3) It is wll kw that th sd f rtati f th arst lat is abut "5 0 4 " /sc Th syst f th giat at als ca rid us with th radius ad sd f rtati f ach lat. This as that th slar syst rids us by [( 9) + ] 9 idcs which sur th xistc f th giat at as a histrical stag i luti f th slar syst. X - Th Scd Stag Wh th utrs f th giat charg dcay it "s.l.h.a" + + E f

30 70 E. Eldib S th radius f th giat charg wuld lgat ad csqutly (E B ) wuld dcras t b (Ē B ). Csqutly (Ē B ) < E (s q. "4-5") s th chargs f th giat charg wuld t rtat arud th ctr f ass f th giat at as hug chargs. S thy wuld b attractd dirctly t ach thr ( ) S, th giat chargs wuld b acuatd fr th chargs. Th rulsi lc. fild btw th uits wuld disaar whil th attracti graitatial frc wuld ull th t ach thr. This wuld lad t th slar syst. (As i fig. ) Th scd stag is th stag f ui f th uits f th sa lat ad als ui f uits f th "sus". If csidrabl asss ad if rgy lst r giat ad wh th ld lc. Syst rlacd by a w ffcti Nwtia syst th, M A A P R P R. R A P M ) Th last quatis wuld b rlacd, aftr ui, by: M B R Whr, & s ar th ubr f th uits f th sa lat ad th ubr f uits f th "sus" rsctily. M M s s ut M s M ( Whr M s ass f th Su R B M S, fr ab:- if M B M AP

31 Th giat at lik syst 7 R R Th quati ab culd b ut as; M B (844 9 M ) A (Ntic that M is frd f uits f sus f i lats) ( M. ) B ( ) A M A H. B. Th last athatic discussi culd b suarizd hysically as fllw: If csidrabl asss r rgy ar lst r giat durig th stag f ui, R R By thr wards: if csidrabl asss r rgy ar lst r giat th th agular t ar csrd. XI-Th ir giat atic syst W studid th stry fr th sil at t th irsd ajr atic syst ad th w studid th giat at till w arrid t what ay b calld th hyr-giat ats. Th w ha t ask if thr is what ay b calld th irgiat ats. W studid i dtail, th stry f th hyr-giat rt which bga by icras f () by th factr (d) ad csqutly dcras () f ach f th whl bdy ad th hug rts. This rsultd dirctly, i icras ( λ u ) by h factr (d). Icras ach f ( λ u ) ad () by th factr (d) wuld rsult i icras (R) by (d ). Th siti hr, i th ir-giat ats, has t diffr cltly. That is bcaus if w csidrd th ubr f () f th giat at as th uitary alu th dcras () f th ir-giat at wuld rsult i icras () which is frbidd by th basic syst f th giat at which is th ajr atic syst. Th ajr rt ad csqutly, th giat rt had ccuid th highst alu f () which ay dcras with th thr systs but t icras. Th sluti f quatis f th ir-giat at cssitis dcras () by th factr (d) wh () icrass by (d 3 ). Th fllwig studyig shws th ab rlati i caris t th giat ad hyr-giat ats:-

32 7 E. Eldib Th giat at:- Th rbitig sd () is dtrid by th frc f th irsd atic syst whr () tk th highst alu. Nubr f utrs f th giat rt (ad csqutly, th ass f th giat rt) is dfid by substituti f th ab () i quati (6-8) which culd b ut th fr:- T. r 3 Th hyr-giat at:- Du t icras () ad csqutly th ass f th whl bdy by th factr (d), th rbitig sd f th whl bdy wuld dcras by th sa factr. This wuld rsult i dcrasig sd f rbitig f th hug rt ad icrasig its wa attr lgth (whr th hug rt ass is cstat bcaus "d" as ly additial hug rts). S D Brligi rlati is csrd th ll f th whl ass ad ll f th hug rt. Th quilibriu quati (6-6) is als csrd bth lls. Nw () is dfid by th ability f th ursig diu t rduc arbitrary asss (whrr ubr f utrs f th hyr-giat at is r tha ths f th giat at ad whrr th rati "/" is cstat). Fr all ab; quati (6-8) ds t dfi () r () but ly ut th iial allwd alu f () i th fr :- T. r 3 > Th ir-giat at:- Th stry f th ir-giat at shuld by th fllwig:- Rducti f () by ay arbitrary factr, whrr / is cstat, wuld tak th fr; / d 3 Whr; is ubr f utrs f th giat rt. If () is dfid fr ab, th () wuld b dfid, axially, fr quati (6-8) i th fr:- T. r /3 f. /3 Q /3 ( d 3 ) /3 /3 d f ( d ) d A ( /3 d) d Or i th fr;

33 Th giat at lik syst 73 Q /3.r r B (r d) d rt) (whr; B is a cstat ad r is th radius f th giat Grally; B.r (-) Q u λ u h h u λ u Fr all ab; r. λ u F (Whr; F is cstat) (-) Actually, th ir giat charg is t i ctact rlati with ur studyig s w will d talkig abut it ad g, ly, with th ab rlati; r. λ u F It wuld b surris t stiat this crss t fid fr th giat at: r. λ u "c ". If w ut; λ u λ (Bhr radius f th sil hydrg at-lik syst) Ad; r rst radius f th lctr r. λ c (-3) T d crrct caris btw th crss f th giat ad sil at w ha t stiat fr a circular rbital f th giat at (lik that f th sil at). S fr th giat at ut;.4 0 ( ) r 0-6 ( ) /3 0.4 π λ u u r ( 0 4 ). C.4 0 λ (.) Fr th sil at: λ 0 4 u r C.08 This is a gd xctd cgrucy. T d r accurat stiati w ha t d th fllwig. Fr quati 6-: C [ Γ( 4πε )]

34 74 E. Eldib Fr quati (6-5): 4πε r R Γ r R ( 0.6 ) Γ 0.6 ( ) C r R Γ Γ ( 0.6 ) r R (.) Put (fr a circular rbital f th giat at): r 0.4 R C r R Fr ab: ) This ab (scd) fr is a scial fr fr th giat at bcaus f aiglss rgardig th sil at is r ) Th ariabls R f th first f th scd fr ha t b quialt with th ariabls r λ R u r r λ R. ( r) u. Whr; th agitud "." ariss as a scial factr (fr quati 6-5) fr a cas lik th giat at. S fr all ab: r R. ( λ u r) C Fr th giat at.

35 Th giat at lik syst 75 λu r C Fr th sil at This cgrucy f th crss "λ u r" f th giat ad sil at gi athr hysical & astrhysical aig fr th factr c This factr has t b itrducd as i quati "4-" t sl a hysical ctradicti. Th agitud f c is t ly dfid by quatis "-" & "6-" but als by a way r athr it is dfid ad has a hysical cct th ll f th sil at. S, this factr as a agitud is t at all arbitrary rsal. Th rsults & th cgrut stiatis which w btaid btw th ariabls f th giat ats ad ths f th slar syst sur th ab. Suary ) Th ajr at culd b built as irsd at haig a ass qual abut 844 tis as uch as th "s.h.l.a". Fr this sid f iw w ca build such irsd at. ) Th giat at is irsd at but with uch r ass s w ca build th giat at fr th sa laws f th ajr at. 3) Th factrs d,d & D wh itrducd th giat ats clicatd giat ats. 4) Th factr "c " is a scial rrty fr th lctric fild "isid" th giat charg. This factr culd b udrstd wh w study γ-ht articl" as lctragtic strig lik gru". 5) Th slar syst rids us by "9" idcs that sur th histrical xistc f th giat ats. Cclusi: W ut a rsal says that udr a dfiit cditis th Sub-atic articls wuld shift it classic hysic bhairs. This rsal succds t build hug chargs ad giat ats. Als succds t build th slar syst. Th scals f th slar syst succdd i tstig this rsal

36 76 E. Eldib S S SS S E E E E S S S S S E E V M S S E Earth S S S V Vus V V V V S S E E V M S Fig. --

37 Th giat at lik syst 77 Ntic that, (M) is a sybl fr a uit f th lat "Mrcury", ach uit rtats arud its su uit "s". "V" is a sybl f th Vus. Th scd stag rsults i frati f su ad i lats. P P P S S P P Fig. -- A dl f (d) A dl f (d) fr a lat whil d f su is frr. This is th quatu basis f th way by which th lats diffr fr ach thr. Rfrcs - Chadrskhr,S. 939 a itrducti t th study f stllar syst (Chicag:u. f Chicag) q (Dr diti) - Dais,E. Tfil,V. Ad Haisch,B. Sac tchlgy ad alicatis itratial fru (005) 3- Eldib,E. Asuggsti fr a giat at, Ultra Scic, l.5(), (003) 4-Firth, I. M., Grat, D. F. ad Wray, Was ad ibratis (Pgiu bks Australia Ltd, Victria, Australia, 973) st.. 74,84. 5-Ghsyb H., Vibratis ad Was, (Dar Elfrka, Oa, 990 ) st. dit. P

38 78 E. Eldib 6-Haisch,B ad Ruda,A. Astrhysical jural, (997) 7-Hasc O., hysics, (gui bks Caada Ltd., Caada 985), st. d., Hd,J. Th stry f straglts wikidia, th fr cycldia May7, Patl S. B., Nuclar hysics a itrducti (Wily Eastr Ltd., Nw Dlhi, 99) Ptr R. ad Bll,D. Friic cdsat jauary8, 004 hy. Wb. -Ralh E. La, Ma ad sac: th xt dcad (Harr ad Brthrs, 96, Arabic diti, Thas Jffrs Library, Alx., 963 ) st. diti, Rbrt S. Shaklad, Atic ad uclar hysics, dit. Macilla c., Nw Yrk. P Ruda,A. ad Haisch,B. A.Physics,l.4(8) (005) 4-Sw, T.P., hysics, USA. Wst ublishig cay, Willia, D. NASA, sac flight ctr. 6-Willia J. Kaufa, Plats ad s ( W. H. Fra, Sa Fracisc, 979) st. d. P Rcid: August, 008