RADIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY FOR ENVIRONMENT, RADIOPHARMACY & COMBATING NUCLEAR TERRORISM

Transcription

1 RADIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY FOR ENVIRONMENT, RADIOPHARMACY & COMBATING NUCLEAR TERRORISM RADIOECOLOGY Radionuclides and Heavy metals Marine ecosystems Geological matrixes Production of Radiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear medicine diagnostics Specialized Lab for analysis of unknown samples for Combating the illicit trafficking of Nuclear and Radioactive materials

2 Map of sampling locations along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast 35 sampling locations- 210 samples from three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) in the period Four types of sediments - slime, silt, sandy and sand 88 deep-sea (30, 150, 300, 2040 m depth) sediment samples

3 Radionuclide content in slime and silt sediments Gamma Spectroscopy Bq/kg Balchik Pomorie Burgas Sozopol Tzarevo 1 Kaliakra Kavarna Chernomoretz Maslen nos Tzarevo 2 Ravda Tuzlata Bjala Cs-137 Th-234 Th-232 Ra-226

4 Nuclide content has been determined in ten Black Sea macroalgae species: Green - Cladofora vagabunda, Ulva rigida, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Chaetomorpha gracilis, Bryopsis plumosa; Brown - Cystoseira crinita, Cystoseira barbata; Red Red - Ceramium rubrum, Callithanium corymbosum, Corallina officinalis Average natural nuclides values: U - 34 Bq/kg; Th 226 Th -13Bq/kg; Ra - 10 Bq/kg. 226 Ra 137 Cs Bq/kg

5 Radionuclide content in Black Sea algae Nuclide content in Black Sea algae Gamma Spectroscopy Cs-137 Th-234 Th-232 Ra-226 Bq/kg Cer. rubrum Clad.vagabunda Ulva rigida Ent.intestinalis Cyst.barbata Cyst.crinita Callith.corymbosum Chaetom.gracilis Cor. officinalis

6 Nuclide content in algae from Black Sea coast locations (Gamma Spectroscopy) Bq/kg Tuzlata Ahtopol Shabla Kaliakra Maslen nos Sinemoretz Ravda Rezovo Tzarevo Rosenetz Sozopol Cs-137 Th-234 Th-232 Ra-226

7 Radionuclides measured in Black Sea mussels and fish Nuclide content in Black Sea mussel M. galloprovincialis Gamma Spectroscopy Radionuclide content in Black Sea Fish Gamma Spectroscopy 12 Cs-137 Th-234 Ra-226 Th K Bq/kg 8 6 shells-0 m shells-12 m Bq/kg Cs-137 Th

8 Heavy metal content in sediments and macroalgae METHODS: Atomic absorption (ETAAS) for Pb and Cd. Flame AAS for Fe, Mn and Cu. X- ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and As ICP-AES

9 Heavy metal content in Black Sea Macroalgae depending on the location Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Heavy metal content in Macroalgae (AAS) ppm Shabla Kaliakra Tuzlata Ravda Sozopol Maslen nos Ahtopol Sinemoretz Cu Zn Pb Cd Cr Rezovo

10 Heavy metal content in Black Sea Macroalgae depending on the location X - Ray Fluorescence Analysis ppm Heavy metal content in Black Sea algae (X-Ray) Zn Cu As Cd Ni Pb -10 Shabla Kaliakra Tuzlata Ravda Sozopol Maslen nos Ahtopol Sinemoretz Rezovo

11 Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb,, As and Co content in Kaliakra and Bjala sediments from Trace metal content in Black Sea sediments (ICP-AES) ppm

12 Albena G. Sands Bourgas Sozopol Pomorie S. Beach Primorsko Sinemoretz Nessebar Ahtopol Rezovo D. Kulak Tulenovo K. Brjag Shabla Balchik Tuzlata Kavarna Maslen nos Ravda Tzarevo Kaliakra Chernomoretz Bjala Cer. rubrum Ent. intestinalis Cyst. crinita Cyst. barbata Ulva rigida Clad. vagabunda Tree Diagram for 24 Black Sea sites - Ward`s method Euclidean distances Tree Diagram for six Black Sea alga species - Ward`s method Creation of a database for radionuclides and heavy metals in sediments Creation of a database for radionuclides and heavy metals in Green, Brown and Red macroalgae Statistical assessment of databases to predict contaminants impact on Black Sea marine ecosystems 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 Euclidean distances

13 Radionuclide Diagnostics Basic Principles of Nuclear Medicine Radionuclides are applied for investigation of human organs Selective accumulation of labeled complexes in target organs The degree and speed of accumulation and clearance is characteristic of the organ s s functioning The basic task is the study of functional and morphological condition of organs and systems in human organism by means of specific organotropic radiopharmaceuticals

14 Lymphoscintigraphy of children lymphoedema Mamscyntigraphy with Tc-99m MIBI

15 International collaboration PHARE project FONSAVE for improvement the capacities for analysis of seized nuclear materials containing Uranium and Plutonium Prof. Lotar Koch, ITU/JRC Assistance was provided by EU experts (Institute for Transuranium Elements ITU, Karlsruhe Germany) to Purchase of equipment for identification, categorization and analysis of nuclear materials and by NDA measurements of seized vagabonding material PECO project Harmonization of Techniques and Methodologies for Measuring Radioactivity in the Environment Prof. Maria Betty ITU/JRC CIESM Mediterranean Mussel Watch Program Prof. Frederick Briand Monaco, France

16 PORTABLE NDA EQUIPMENT Planar HPGe Detector, DART Spectrometer, Laptop

17 PORTABLE NDA EQUIPMENT CdZnTe Detector, MiniMCA Spectrometer, Notebook

18 Projects for Combating Illicit Traffic of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials FONSAVE PECO GAMDETEC Coordinator ITU Karlsruhe,, Germany Beneficient Nuclear Regulatory Agency Recipient Institute INRNE BAS, Bulgaria

19 LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN BULGARIA A. MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS National Security Service NSBOP (National Service for Combating Organized Crime) SOTI (Service for Acquiring Technical Information) Border Police Police B. CUSTOMS C. CIVIL DEFENCE D. STATE AGENCY FOR NUCLEAR REGULATION

20 First Step Second Step I. MODEL ACTION PLAN Preservation of evidence Health physics analysis Application of proper protocols, adopted by the law enforcement forces - police, customs etc. NDA analysis to categorize the radioactive material radioactive, non-fissile material nuclear fuel ( 235 U content less 20 %) Pu and/or enriched U ( 235 U content higher 20 %) Ge(Li) high Resolution Gamma Spectroscopy Passive Neutron interrogation for Pu Active neutron interrogation for 235 U Third Step In-Depth Analysis by Specialized laboratory traces (dust, pollens etc.) on packaging material packing material element composition of nuclear material including traces

21 External traffic The external traffic of illicit materials is the transfer of raw materials and expensive metals from the former Soviet Union towards Western Europe and the Middle East. Al, Os, Cs, Sc, Rare earth elements Nuclear Materials Red Mercury Pu Enriched U

22 Internal traffic Stolen radioactive sources imported from Soviet Union Diversion and transport materials from Uranium mining industry including different amounts of yellow cake Cases of illegal traffic with radioactive sources or isotopes of highly radioactive devices containing isotopes Cs-137, Co-60, Ir-192, Ra-226, Am-241 : Level meters Dense meters Devices removing static electricity Weighing devices Parts of irradiation devices Smoke detectors etc. Natural or depleted Uranium containers or shielding

23 FIRST INTERNATIONAL EXERCISE ON COMBATING ILLICIT TRAFFIC OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES: TURKEY BULGARIA PLACE BORDER CROSSING POINT KAPI KULE TIME OCTOBER 2002 Acting Partners Cekmece Nuclear Center - Istanbul Institute For Nuclear Research & Nuclear Energy - Sofia

24 BULGARIA - TURKEY International Exercise at KAPI KULE Border Checkpoint October 2002

25 Discovery of Illicit Nuclear Material at Kapi Kule

26 Measurement of Illicit Nuclear Material at Kapi Kule

27 Analysis of Illicit Nuclear Material at Kapi Kule

28 OBSERVERS TO THE JOINT EXERCISE 1. EU Representatives experts from ITU, Karlsruhe, Germany 2. Experts from IAEA Vienna, Austria 3. Interpol 4. Europol 5. USA embassy in Sofia

29 Happy end of the Joint Exercise Bulgarian - Turkish teams