Turkey s first photonuclear reactions performed at Akdeniz University: Matter, Anti-matter, Pure Energy and Alchemy
|
|
- Felicity Dennis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 (Ülkemizin ilk fotonükleer reaksiyonu Akdeniz Üniversitesinde gerçekleştirildi: Madde, Anti-Madde, Saf Enerji ve Simya) Turkey s first photonuclear reactions performed at Akdeniz University: Matter, Anti-matter, Pure Energy and Alchemy Haris Ðapo (Ismail Boztosun) Akdeniz University, Antalya IZYEF 2013 Izmir, September 2013
2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Method and setup 3 Results 4 Summary and Outlook
3 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Method and setup 3 Results 4 Summary and Outlook
4 Introduction Photonuclear reactions photonuclear reactions describe a set of interactions between nuclei and photons, most commonly separation of either from the nucleus since the realization that nuclei are not fundamental point-like particles (In 1932, James Chadwick discovered neutron) the possibility of removing a neutron or a proton from nucleus arose separating a neutron of a proton from stable nucleus requires several MeV of energy (one commonly needs 10 MeV) producing a photon of 10 MeV energy took few decades most commonly the start of photonuclear reactions is associated with construction and operation of SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) in 1960 s
5 Intro Nucleide Map Setup Results Summary
6 Photonuclear reactions Various cases photonuclear reactions change one element into another (Alchemy) if a neutron is removed a proton rich nucleus is created and it decays via β + decay back to valley of stability β + decays produce positrons and characteristic anhilation peak at mass of electron of 511 kev is observed (Anti-Matter) proton rich nuclei are not accessible via neutron absorption if proton is removes a neutron rich nucleus is created and it decays via β if photons is absorbed a metastable stable version of the same element is created
7 Photonuclear reactions in detail Generic Zinc example γ + N Z A N 1 Z A 1+n γ + N Z A N 1 Z A 1 + n γ + N Z A N Z A 1+p γ + 64 Zn 63 Zn+n γ + 70 Zn 69 Zn + n γ + 68 Zn 67 Cu + p
8 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Method and setup 3 Results 4 Summary and Outlook
9 Experiment stages Shot description first the sample is irradiated in the linac at the Akdeniz University s hospital sample is transported from the hospital to the physics department irradiated sample is counted in a detector counts are stored at appropriate time intervals once the counting is finished, background subtraction is performed background subtracted spectrum is analyzed peak by peak transition energies are obtained at this point counts from each peak are correlated with the time stamp a fit of counts vs. time is performed half-life is obtained at this point
10 Photonuclear reactions with linear accelerators LINAC linear accelerators can produce photons by bombarding a Tungsten, or and high-z, target with electrons photons are than produced trough bremssthralung and have the characteristic spectrum on the right: bremssthralung spectrum with 18 MeV end-point energy
11 Linear accelerators clinac photonuclear experiments involving linacs are routinely performed around the world but the use of clinical linac(clinac) for this purpose is a novel concept modern clinac found in radiation treatment facilities are capable of producing bremsstrahlung photons with endpoint energies up to 25 MeV and compare well to specialist setups such as S-DALINAC at TU Darmstadt or ELBE at Forschungszentrum Dresden in Rossendorf for the most part photonuclear measurement are not included in NUDAT, especially so for intermediate mass nuclei 1 1 pioneering experiment on gold: P. Mohr, S. Brieger, G. Witucki, and M. Maetz, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A580, 1201 (2007),
12 Our linac setup Philips SLi-25 current end-point energy is 18 MeV, although linac can operate at lower energies as well in the future we plan to bring online 25 MeV end-point energy primary electron beam is generated by a gun with an energy of 50 kev electrons are accelerated in a copper cavity by a 30 GHz radio-frequency with peak power of about 5 MW steering and focusing of the beam is achieved by standard magnetic and electrostatic devices beam current is 30 µa for 18 MeV once collimated and flattened at a distance of 100 cm, the maximum area covered by photons is cm 2
13 Linac schematic
14 The detector High Purity Germanium Detector(HPGe) p-type, coaxial, electrically cooled, HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer with 40% relative efficiency and 768 ev FWHM at 122 kev for 57 Co and 1.85 kev FWHM at 1332 kev for 60 Co samples and the detector, were placed into a well-shielded cavity the detector is connected to the usual Nuclear Instrumentation Module for data acquisition calibration was performed with a source supplied by the Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center detector was configured with 8192 channels and the resulting energy resolution was kev (currently channels and kev resolution)
15 Full reactions Generic γ + N Z A N 1 A 1+n Z N 1 Z A 1 N Z 1 A 1 + e + +ν N Z 1 A 1 N Z 1 A 1+γ N 1 Z N Z 1 N 1 Z γ + N Z A N 1 A 1 + n Z A 1 N 1 A 1+γ Z γ + N Z A N Z 1 A 1+p N 1 A 1 A 1 + e + ν Z A 1 N 1 A 1+γ Z Zinc example γ + 64 Zn 63 Zn+n 63 Zn 63 Cu + e + +ν 63 Cu 63 Cu +γ γ + 70 Zn 69 Zn + n 69 Zn 69 Zn+γ γ + 68 Zn 67 Cu + p 67 Cu 67 Zn + e+ ν 67 Zn 67 Zn+γ γ + 66 Zn 65 Zn+n 65 Zn 65 Cu + e + +ν 65 Cu 65 Cu +γ
16 The observations The description of detection A stable element is exposed to linac gamma-rays. A radioactive element is produced. The element decays trough gamma or beta decay. Gamma decay is directly observed. In case of beta decay daughter nuclei are created in excited states and than the daughter decays trough gamma-decay to its ground state. The time-dependance of decay is linked to the half-life of the parent. In all cases only gamma-transition are observed. Notes in principle all nuclei go trough photonuclear reactions, but only those whose neighbor is radioactive can be observed in our setup in addition more practical restrictions apply, like: length of half-life, observability of daughter states, etc.
17 The analysis tool GF3 GF3 is a least-squares peak-fitting program designed primarily for use in analyzing gamma-ray spectra from Germanium detectors GF3 fits three components to each peak: a Gaussian, a skewed Gaussian and a smoothed step function to increase the background on the low-energy side the Gaussian, is the main component of the peak the skewed Gaussian, arises from incomplete charge collection the step function arises mainly from Compton scattering of photons into the detector and from escape of photoelectrons from the Ge crystal
18 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Method and setup 3 Results 4 Summary and Outlook
19 Cu-63 transition energies 10 4 t=2315 s t=700 s t=140 s t=2315 s t=700 s t=140 s 10 3 Counts per kev 10 2 Data NUDAT: ±0.05 kev; ±0.04 kev Our result:669.58±0.02 kev and ±0.02 kev E[keV] E[keV]
20 Zn-63 decay curve kev 962 kev fit(669),n 0 =27.4e3,λ=2.83e-3 fit(962),n 0 =14.2e3,λ=3.34e Net counts Data NUDAT: 38.47±0.05 min Our result: 40.8±0.6 min (669 peak) and 34.6±0.7 min (962 peak) t[s]
21 Zn-67 transition energies 10 5 t=86126 s t=23703 s t=4837 s t=86126 s t=23703 s t=4837 s 10 4 Counts per kev Data NUDAT: ±0.010 kev; ±0.010 kev 10 3 Our measurement: ±0.005 kev; ±0.23 kev E[keV] E[keV]
22 Cu-67 decay curve kev 300 kev fit(184),n 0 =98.8e4,λ=3.19e-6 fit(300),n 0 =3.3e4,λ=9.9e-7 Net area x Data NUDAT: 61.83±0.12 h Our result: 60.3±0.6 h (184 peak) and 197±73 h (300 peak) t[s]
23 Zn-69m and Cu-65 transition energies 10 5 t=86126 s t=23703 s t=4837 s t=86126 s t=23703 s t=4837 s 10 4 Counts per kev E[keV] E[keV] Data NUDAT: ±0.018 kev; ±0.004 kev Our: ±0.005 kev; ±0.008 kev
24 Zu-69m decay rate kev fit(438),n 0 =63.30e4,λ=14.23e Net area Data NUDAT: 13.74±0.02 h Our result: 13.51±0.03 h t[s]
25 Zu-65 decay rate kev fit(438),(n 0 *λ)= Net area Data NUDAT: ±0.09 days Only 1 day of observation is not sufficient for 244 day decay t[s]
26 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Method and setup 3 Results 4 Summary and Outlook
27 Summary The road so far photonuclear reactions with clinac are real possibility first experiment of photonuclear reaction performed in Turkey performed with local resources, staff and capabilities at the very first attempt data accuracy was reasonable and with every day we are getting better but the real testament to our achievement and a real summary is all the data we have gathered and shown
28 Summary The road so far photonuclear reactions with clinac are real possibility first experiment of photonuclear reaction performed in Turkey performed with local resources, staff and capabilities at the very first attempt data accuracy was reasonable and with every day we are getting better but the real testament to our achievement and a real summary is all the data we have gathered and shown What did not fit into the talk since may we have performed several new experiments on various nuclei Cu, Ni, Ti, Pb, In, Hg, etc. but the hard part, the data analysis is still pending
29 Outlook To be continued, stay tuned solve the systematic accuracy issue find new elements which would be best suited for future experiments upgrade the accelerator to 25 MeV (software issue) build an online multi detector setup capable of measuring (γ,γ ) reactions with new setup investigate the collective behavior of nuclei (GDR, PDR, etc.)
30 Our group Collaborators on this project: Ismail Boztosun,Haris Ðapo, Süleyman Fatih Özmen, Yiğit Çecen, Mesut Karakoç, Abdullah Çoban,Alp Cesur, Tanfer Caner, Edip Bayram, Gizem B. Keller, Beyza Kücük, Abdullah Güvendi,Melek Derman and Deniz Kaya
31 Thank you for your attention!
Photofission of 238-U Nuclei
Photofission of 238-U Nuclei International Thorium Energy Conference - ThEC18, 29-31st of October 2018, Belgium İsmail Boztosun This research has been supported by TÜBİTAK with grant number 114F220 Motivations
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 14 Sep 2015
Photonuclear reactions with Zinc: A case for clinical linacs I. Boztosun 1,2, H. Ðapo 1,2, M. Karakoç 1,2, S.F. Özmen 1,2, Y. Çeçen 2,3, A. Çoban 1,2, T. Caner 1,2, E.Bayram 4, T.R. Saito 5,6,7, T. Akdoğan
More informationDr. Tuncay Bayram. Sinop University Department of Nuclear Energy Engineering Sinop, Turkey.
Dr. Tuncay Bayram Sinop University Department of Nuclear Energy Engineering Sinop, Turkey t.bayram@ymail.com 1 About Department of Nuclear Energy Engineering, Sinop University In 2007, Sinop University
More informationCompton suppression spectrometry
Compton suppression spectrometry In gamma ray spectrometry performed with High-purity Germanium detectors (HpGe), the detection of low intensity gamma ray lines is complicated by the presence of Compton
More informationThis paper should be understood as an extended version of a talk given at the
This paper should be understood as an extended version of a talk given at the Abstract: 1 st JINA workshop at Gull Lake, 2002. Recent experimental developments at LANL (Los Alamos, NM, USA) and CERN (Geneva,
More informationNuclear Photonics: Basic facts, opportunities, and limitations
Nuclear Photonics: Basic facts, opportunities, and limitations Norbert Pietralla, TU Darmstadt SFB 634 GRK 2128 Oct.17th, 2016 Nuclear Photonics 2016, Monterey Nuclear Photonics: Basic Facts Prof.Dr.Dr.h.c.
More informationDetection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy
Detection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy Gamma-radiation is electromagnetic radiation having speed equal to the light in vacuum. As reaching a matter it interact with the different
More informationCharacterizing New Multi-Channel Peak Sensing ADC-Mesytec MADC-32
Armenian Journal of Physics, 2016, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 29-33 Characterizing New Multi-Channel Peak Sensing ADC-Mesytec MADC-32 A. Gyurjinyan 1,2, R. Avetisyan 1,2 1 Experimental Physics Division, Yerevan
More informationSome nuclei are unstable Become stable by ejecting excess energy and often a particle in the process Types of radiation particle - particle
Radioactivity George Starkschall, Ph.D. Lecture Objectives Identify methods for making radioactive isotopes Recognize the various types of radioactive decay Interpret an energy level diagram for radioactive
More information3 Radioactivity - Spontaneous Nuclear Processes
3 Radioactivity - Spontaneous Nuclear Processes Becquerel was the first to detect radioactivity. In 1896 he was carrying out experiments with fluorescent salts (which contained uranium) and found that
More informationCross-section Measurements of Relativistic Deuteron Reactions on Copper by Activation Method
Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Department of Nuclear Reactors, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Cross-section
More informationQUIZ: Physics of Nuclear Medicine Atomic Structure, Radioactive Decay, Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter
QUIZ: Physics of Nuclear Medicine Atomic Structure, Radioactive Decay, Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter 1. An atomic nucleus contains 39 protons and 50 neutrons. Its mass number (A) is a)
More informationGamma-Spectrum Generator
1st Advanced Training Course ITCM with NUCLEONICA, Karlsruhe, Germany, 22-24 April, 2009 1 Gamma-Spectrum Generator A.N. Berlizov ITU - Institute for Transuranium Elements Karlsruhe - Germany http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
More informationBjörn Lehnert. Search for double beta decays of palladium isotopes into excited states
Search for double beta decays of palladium isotopes into excited states INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 35th Course Erice 23/09/2013 Björn Lehnert Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik Outline
More informationAnalysis of γ spectrum
IFM The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology LAB 26 Analysis of γ spectrum NAME PERSONAL NUMBER DATE APPROVED I. OBJECTIVES - To understand features of gamma spectrum and recall basic knowledge
More informationProject Memorandum. N N o. = e (ρx)(µ/ρ) (1)
Project Memorandum To : Jebediah Q. Dingus, Gamma Products Inc. From : Patrick R. LeClair, Material Characterization Associates, Inc. Re : 662 kev Gamma ray shielding Date : January 5, 2010 PH255 S10 LeClair
More informationNuclear Resonance Fluorescence with. NRF with monoenergetic photons and fundamental experiments at ELI-NP. Julius Wilhelmy
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence with monoenergetic photons and fundamental experiments at ELI-NP Julius Wilhelmy Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne g BMBF Verbund 05P2015 Darmstadt Köln
More informationRDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
More informationAt the conclusion of this lesson the trainee will be able to: a) Write a typical equation for the production of each type of radiation.
RADIOACTIVITY - SPONTANEOUS NUCLEAR PROCESSES OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this lesson the trainee will be able to: 1. For~, p and 7 decays a) Write a typical equation for the production of each type
More informationCHAPTER 7 TEST REVIEW
IB PHYSICS Name: Period: Date: # Marks: 94 Raw Score: IB Curve: DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS CHAPTER 7 TEST REVIEW 1. An alpha particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 10 kv.
More informationScintillation Detector
Scintillation Detector Introduction The detection of ionizing radiation by the scintillation light produced in certain materials is one of the oldest techniques on record. In Geiger and Marsden s famous
More informationInteractive Web Accessible Gamma-Spectrum Generator & EasyMonteCarlo Tools
10th Nuclear Science Training Course with NUCLEONICA, Cesme, Turkey, 8-10 October, 2008 1 Interactive Web Accessible Gamma-Spectrum Generator & EasyMonteCarlo Tools A.N. Berlizov ITU - Institute for Transuranium
More informationPhysics 3204 UNIT 3 Test Matter Energy Interface
Physics 3204 UNIT 3 Test Matter Energy Interface 2005 2006 Time: 60 minutes Total Value: 33 Marks Formulae and Constants v = f λ E = hf h f = E k + W 0 E = m c 2 p = h λ 1 A= A T 0 2 t 1 2 E k = ½ mv 2
More informationIdentification of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Sand
Identification of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Sand Michael Pope 2012 NSF/REU Program Physics Department, University of Notre Dame Advisors: Dr. Ed Stech, Dr. Michael Wiescher Abstract Radionuclides
More informationPERSPECTIVES OF PERSONNEL EXTERNAL DOSIMETRY AT STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER
SLAC-PUB-95-6749 (March 1995) PERSPECTIVES OF PERSONNEL EXTERNAL DOSIMETRY AT STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER J. C. Liu, D. Busick 1, K. R. Kase, R. C. McCall 2, R. Sit and H. Tran 3 Stanford Linear
More informationMass Yield Distribution in the Photon-induced Fission of 232 Th, 238 U, nat Pb, and 209 Bi
Mass Yield Distribution in the Photon-induced Fission of 232 Th, 238 U, nat Pb, and 209 Bi H. Naik 1, G.N. Kim 2*, V.T. Nimje 3, K.C. Mittal 3, M.W. Lee 2, K. Kim 2, A. Goswami 1, M.-H. Cho 4 1 Radiochemistry
More informationAlpha Decay. Decay alpha particles are monoenergetic. Nuclides with A>150 are unstable against alpha decay. E α = Q (1-4/A)
Alpha Decay Because the binding energy of the alpha particle is so large (28.3 MeV), it is often energetically favorable for a heavy nucleus to emit an alpha particle Nuclides with A>150 are unstable against
More informationEEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection
EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection 2. Radiation Detection Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za May 06, 2015 EEE4106Z :: Radiation
More informationQuality Assurance. Purity control. Polycrystalline Ingots
Quality Assurance Purity control Polycrystalline Ingots 1 Gamma Spectrometry Nuclide Identification Detection of Impurity Traces 1.1 Nuclides Notation: Atomic Mass Atomic Number Element Neutron Atomic
More informationPhoton-scattering experiments at γelbe and at HIγS Data analysis Results Comparison of experimental results with model predictions
Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann www.fzd.de Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Pygmy dipole strength in 86 Kr and systematics of N = 5 isotones R. Schwengner 1, R. Massarczyk 1,2,
More informationPart 12- Physics Paper 1 Atomic Structure Application Questions Combined Science
Part 12- Physics Paper 1 Atomic Structure Application Questions Combined Science Internal energy and energy transfers Internal energy and energy transfers Changes of state and the particle model Particle
More informationNeutron Activation of 74 Ge and 76 Ge
Neutron Activation of 74 Ge and 76 Ge people involved: P. Grabmayr J. Jochum Georg Meierhofer P. Kudejova L. Canella J. Jolie IKP, Universität zu Köln Eurograd, Hallstatt 27.09. 29.09.2009 Outline Motivation:
More informationCHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW
IB PHYSICS Name: Period: Date: # Marks: 76 Raw Score: IB Curve: DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW 1. An alpha particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 10 kv.
More informationNew Concept of EPOS Progress of the Mono-energetic Positron Beam (MePS) Gamma-induced Positron Spectroscopy (GiPS)
Progress of the EPOS Project: Gamma Induced Positron Spectroscopy (GiPS) R. Krause-Rehberg 1,*,W.Anwand 2,G.Brauer 2, M. Butterling 1,T.Cowan 2,M. Jungmann 1, A. Krille 1, R. Schwengner 2, A. Wagner 2
More informationThe Ones That Got Away: Neutron Leakage Spectra
The Ones That Got Away: Neutron Leakage Spectra Some neutrons are able to exit the surface before being captured The energies of these neutrons depend on their scattering history Fast neutrons that scatter
More informationExam Results. Force between charges. Electric field lines. Other particles and fields
Exam: Exam scores posted on Learn@UW No homework due next week Exam Results F D C BC B AB A Phy107 Fall 2006 1 Particles and fields We have talked about several particles Electron,, proton, neutron, quark
More informationFast neutron inelastic scattering Roland Beyer, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Fast neutron inelastic scattering Roland Beyer, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics Roland Beyer www.fzd.de Member of the Leibniz Association Data needs for transmutation
More informationRadiation and Radioactivity. PHYS 0219 Radiation and Radioactivity
Radiation and Radioactivity 1 Radiation and Radioactivity This experiment has four parts: 1. Counting Statistics 2. Gamma (g) Ray Absorption Half-length and shielding 3. 137 Ba Decay Half-life 4. Dosimetry
More informationEmphasis on what happens to emitted particle (if no nuclear reaction and MEDIUM (i.e., atomic effects)
LECTURE 5: INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER All radiation is detected through its interaction with matter! INTRODUCTION: What happens when radiation passes through matter? Emphasis on what happens
More informationUC Davis McClellan Nuclear Research Center
UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Research Center 1 McClellan Nuclear Research Center! The Reactor! It is a Training, Research and Isotope Production reactor built by General Atomics! TRIGA reactors, are designed
More informationFirst tests of the big volume ultra low background gamma spectrometer
First tests of the big volume ultra low background gamma spectrometer N. Todorović,, D. MrđaM rđa,, I. Bikit, M. Vesković,, S. Forkapić,, J. Slivka Departman za fiziku, PMF, Novi Sad 1. Introduction Even
More informationIntroduction to Environmental Measurement Techniques Radioactivity. Dana Pittauer 1of 48
Introduction to Environmental Measurement Techniques 2016 Radioactivity Dana Pittauer (dpittauer@marum.de) 1of 48 Introduction Radioisotopes are of interest in environmental physics for several reasons:
More informationContrabands detection with a low energy electron linac driven photoneutron source
Contrabands detection with a low energy electron linac driven photoneutron source Yigang Yang Tsinghua University, Beijing, China yangyigang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Outline 1. Research motivation 2. e-linac
More informationElectromagnetic Dipole Strength distribution in 124,128,134 Xe below the neutron separation energy
Electromagnetic Dipole Strength distribution in 124,128,134 Xe below the neutron separation energy Ralph Massarczyk Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 29.05.2013 R.Massarczyk (HZDR) dipole strength in
More information(10%) (c) What other peaks can appear in the pulse-height spectrum if the detector were not small? Give a sketch and explain briefly.
Sample questions for Quiz 3, 22.101 (Fall 2006) Following questions were taken from quizzes given in previous years by S. Yip. They are meant to give you an idea of the kind of questions (what was expected
More informationPhotonuclear studies with gamma beams Gamma above neutron threshold
Photonuclear studies with gamma beams Gamma above neutron threshold F.Camera, Università di Milano and INFN section of Milano Outline: - ELI-NP - Time structure of the beam + Beam Bandwidth - The observables
More informationA MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF COMPTON SUPPRESSION FOR NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. Joshua Frye Adviser Chris Grant 8/24/2012 ABSTRACT
A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF COMPTON SUPPRESSION FOR NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS Joshua Frye Adviser Chris Grant 8/24/2012 ABSTRACT A Monte Carlo simulation has been developed using the Geant4 software
More informationBasic science. Atomic structure. Electrons. The Rutherford-Bohr model of an atom. Electron shells. Types of Electrons. Describing an Atom
Basic science A knowledge of basic physics is essential to understanding how radiation originates and behaves. This chapter works through what an atom is; what keeps it stable vs. radioactive and unstable;
More informationChapter Four (Interaction of Radiation with Matter)
Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science Physics Department Fourth Grade Nuclear Physics Dr. Ali A. Ridha Chapter Four (Interaction of Radiation with Matter) Different types of radiation interact
More informationLECTURE 6: INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER
LCTUR 6: INTRACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTR All radiation is detected through its interaction with matter! INTRODUCTION: What happens when radiation passes through matter? Interlude The concept of cross-section
More informationResearch Center Dresden Rossendorf
News of the EPOS Project at the ELBE Radiation Source in the Research Center Dresden Rossendorf EPOS-Team & R. Krause-Rehberg Extended Concept of EPOS Progress of the mono-energetic Positron Beam (MePS)
More informationDetermination of the boron content in polyethylene samples using the reactor Orphée
Determination of the boron content in polyethylene samples using the reactor Orphée F. Gunsing, A. Menelle CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France O. Aberle European Organization for Nuclear Research
More informationThe Nucleus. PHY 3101 D. Acosta
The Nucleus PHY 30 D. Acosta Rutherford Scattering Experiments by Geiger & Marsden in 909 /5/005 PHY 30 -- D. Acosta Rutherford Model of the Atom Conclusion: the atom contains a positive nucleus < 0 fm
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS LESSON 7-1B RADIOACTIVITY Essential Idea: In the microscopic world energy is discrete. Nature Of Science: Accidental discovery: Radioactivity
More informationThe intense, pulsed positron source EPOS at the Research Centre Dresden-Rossendorf
The intense, pulsed positron source EPOS at the Research Centre Dresden-Rossendorf The EPOS Team and R. Krause-Rehberg Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Dept. of Physics, 06099 Halle / Germany
More informationGamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production
Experiment N2: Gamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production References: 1. Experiments in Nuclear
More informationSECTION A Quantum Physics and Atom Models
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Modern Physics SECTION A Quantum Physics and Atom Models 1. Light of a single frequency falls on a photoelectric material but no electrons are emitted. Electrons may
More informationSlides by: Prof. Abeer Alharbi
Slides by: Prof. Abeer Alharbi electromagnetic radiation of high energy. They are produced by sub-atomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation, neutral pion decay, radioactive decay,
More informationGAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY
GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY Gamma Ray Spectroscopy 1 In this experiment you will use a sodium iodide (NaI) detector along with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) to measure gamma ray energies from energy level transitions
More informationAGATA preamplifier performance on large signals from a 241 Am+Be source. F. Zocca, A. Pullia, D. Bazzacco, G. Pascovici
AGATA preamplifier performance on large signals from a 241 Am+Be source F. Zocca, A. Pullia, D. Bazzacco, G. Pascovici AGATA Week - LNL (PD), Italy, 12-15 November 2007 Outline Recalls : Fast reset device
More informationApplication of a Laser-Wakefield Driven Monochromatic Photon Source to Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record N04-4 Application of a Laser-Wakefield Driven Monochromatic Photon Source to Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence W.J. Walsh, S.D. Clarke, S.A. Pozzi, IEEE
More informationThe Nucleus Came Next
The Nucleus Came Next Ernest Rutherford The New Zealand born British chemist and physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. He discovered the atomic nucleus, and thereby pioneered the
More informationMT Electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis
MT-0.6026 Electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis Eero Haimi Research Manager Outline 1. Introduction Basics of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEUTRON FIELDS PRODUCED IN PROTON REACTIONS WITH HEAVY TARGETS. Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Rez Czech Republic
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEUTRON FIELDS PRODUCED IN PROTON REACTIONS WITH HEAVY TARGETS A. Kugler, V. Wagner Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 25068 Rez Czech Republic I. Introduction One of important aspects
More informationIntroduction to Ionizing Radiation
Introduction to Ionizing Radiation Bob Curtis OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center Supplement to Lecture Outline V. 10.02 Basic Model of a Neutral Atom Electrons(-) orbiting nucleus of protons(+) and neutrons.
More informationEffect of Co-60 Single Escape Peak on Detection of Cs-137 in Analysis of Radionuclide from Research Reactor. Abstract
Organized and hosted by the Canadian Nuclear Society. Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2006 September 10-14 Effect of Co-60 Single Escape Peak on Detection of Cs-137 in Analysis of Radionuclide from Research Reactor
More informationDetermination of the activity of radionuclides
BUREAU NATIONAL DE MÉTROLOGIE COMMISSARIAT À L'ÉNERGIE ATOMIQUE LABORATOIRE NATIONAL HENRI BECQUEREL Note technique LNHB/04-33 Determination of the activity of radionuclides contained in volume samples
More informationBETA-RAY SPECTROMETER
14 Sep 07 β-ray.1 BETA-RAY SPECTROMETER In this experiment, a 180, constant-radius magnetic spectrometer consisting of an electromagnet with a Geiger-Muller detector, will be used to detect and analyze
More informationRADIOACTIVITY Q32 P1 A radioactive carbon 14 decay to Nitrogen by beta emission as below 14 x 0
NAME SCHOOL INDEX NUMBER DATE RADIOACTIVITY 1. 1995 Q32 P1 A radioactive carbon 14 decay to Nitrogen by beta emission as below 14 x 0 C N + e 6 7 y Determine the values of x and y in the equation (2 marks)
More informationRFSS: Lecture 6 Gamma Decay
RFSS: Lecture 6 Gamma Decay Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chap. 9; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 3 Energetics Decay Types Transition Probabilities Internal Conversion Angular Correlations Moessbauer
More informationEnvironmental Applications
Environmental Applications Gamma ray Spectrometry Paul Nolan University of Liverpool Gamma ray spectrometry of environmental samples is a standard technique Germanium detector Programs available for spectrum
More informationDIPOLE-STRENGTH IN N=50 NUCLEI STUDIED IN PHOTON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS AT ELBE
DIPOLE-STRENGTH IN N=50 NUCLEI STUDIED IN PHOTON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS AT ELBE R.Schwengner 1, G.Rusev 1, N.Benouaret 1,2, R.Beyer 1, F.Dönau 1, M.Erhard 1, E.Grosse 1,3, A.R.Junghans 1, K.Kosev 1, J.Klug
More informationRadiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na. Ellen Simmons
Radiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na Ellen Simmons 1 Contents Introduction Review of the Types of Radiation Charged Particle Radiation Detection Review of Semiconductor
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, March-2014 ISSN
316 Effective atomic number of composite materials by Compton scattering - nondestructive evaluation method Kiran K U a, Ravindraswami K b, Eshwarappa K M a and Somashekarappa H M c* a Government Science
More informationDesign, Construction, Operation, and Simulation of a Radioactivity Assay Chamber
Design, Construction, Operation, and Simulation of a Radioactivity Assay Chamber Wesley Ketchum and Abe Reddy EWI Group, UW REU 2006 Outline Neutrino Physics Background Double Beta Decay and the Majorana
More informationIRPA 2 nd European Congress, Paris, May Session: RP in Medicine - Workers. Activation Products In Medical Linear Accelerators
IRPA 2 nd European Congress, Paris, May 15-19 2006 Session: RP in Medicine - Workers Activation Products In Medical Linear Accelerators FISCHER Helmut W.*, TABOT Ben*,+, POPPE, Björn + * University of
More informationMeasurement of induced radioactivity in air and water for medical accelerators
Measurement of induced radioactivity in air and water for medical accelerators K. Masumoto 1, K. Takahashi 1, H. Nakamura 1, A. Toyoda 1, K. Iijima 1, K. Kosako 2, K. Oishi 2, F. Nobuhara 1 High Energy
More informationNeutron Activation of 76Ge
Neutron Activation of 76Ge Georg Meierhofer people involved: P. Grabmayr J. Jochum Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics University Tübingen P. Kudejova L. Canella J. Jolie IKP, Universität zu Köln
More informationPrompt γ-rays from Neutron Inelastic
Prompt γ-rays from Neutron Inelastic Scattering at FaNGaS: Benchmark Spectrum Analysis T.H. Randriamalala, M. Rossbach Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety,
More informationThe basic structure of an atom is a positively charged nucleus composed of both protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
4.4 Atomic structure Ionising radiation is hazardous but can be very useful. Although radioactivity was discovered over a century ago, it took many nuclear physicists several decades to understand the
More informationA Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions
Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 39, no. 1, March, 2009 55 A Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions S. Mohammadi Physics Department, Payame Noor University, Mashad 91735, IRAN (Received
More informationStudy of Isospin simmetry using the PARIS detector. Alice Mentana
Study of Isospin simmetry using the PARIS detector Alice Mentana The Isospin simmetry Isospin Mixing (breaking of Isospin simmetry) Experimental technique: γ-decay of GDR Experimental apparatus: the PARIS
More informationOptical properties of the electron and gamma-ray irradiated soda-lime glass samples
Received 21-07-2017 Accepted 28-11-2017 SAKARYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE e-issn: 2147-835X http://www.saujs.sakarya.edu.tr Doi 10.16984/saufenbilder.330029 Optical properties of the electron and gamma-ray
More informationSCINTILLATION DETECTORS & GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION
SCINTILLATION DETECTORS & GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this experiment is to use an NaI(Tl) detector, photomultiplier tube and multichannel analyzer software system
More informationAPEX CARE INSTITUTE FOR PG - TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Page 1 1. Within the nucleus, the charge distribution A) Is constant, but falls to zero sharply at the nuclear radius B) Increases linearly from the centre, but falls off exponentially at the surface C)
More informationSection 10: Natural Transmutation Writing Equations for Decay
Section 10: Natural Transmutation Writing Equations for Decay Alpha Decay If a radioactive substance changes into another substance because particles are emitted from its nucleus, we say that the original
More informationAndreas Zilges. Newest results on pygmy resonances in atomic nuclei. Institut für Kernphysik Universität zu Köln. (ZI 510/4-1 and INST 216/544-1)
Newest results on pygmy resonances in atomic nuclei Andreas Zilges Institut für Kernphysik Universität zu Köln supported by (ZI 510/4-1 and INST 216/544-1) Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) 1937: Z. Phys. 106
More informationGraspIT AQA Atomic Structure Questions
A. Atomic structure Atoms and isotopes 1. a) The diagram shows an atom of Beryllium. Name the parts labelled a, b and c. (3) electron (1) neutron (1) proton (1) b) What is the atomic mass of this atom?
More informationRESULTS AND DISCUSSION ON EFFECT OF COLLIMATOR SIZE ON THE ATTENUATION OF GAMMA RAY IN PURE ELEMENTS
CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ON EFFECT OF COLLIMATOR SIZE ON THE ATTENUATION OF GAMMA RAY IN PURE ELEMENTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The increasing use of isotopes in the field of medicine and biology has demands
More informationIHEP-BINP CEPC accelerator collaboration workshop Beam energy calibration without polarization
IHEP-BINP CEPC accelerator collaboration workshop Beam energy calibration without polarization Nickolai Muchnoi Budker INP, Novosibirsk January 12, 2016 Nickolai Muchnoi IHEP-BINP CEPC workshop January
More informationBESIII Collaboration Meeting in Winter of 2015 BEAM ENERGY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
BESIII Collaboration Meeting in Winter of 2015 BEAM ENERGY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM Nickolai Muchnoi Budker INP, Novosibirsk December 12, 2015 Nickolai Muchnoi BES-III Winter Collaboration Meeting December 12,
More informationGAMMA RAY OPTICS. Michael Jentschel Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
GAMMA RAY OPTICS Michael Jentschel Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France Acknowledgement ILL: W. Urbam M.J Ludwigs Maximilian University Munich D. Habs MPQ Munich M. Guenther Outline Motivation Gamma
More informationNuclear Reactions A Z. Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q > 0. Exothermic Endothermic
Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reactions A Z 4 P D+ He + Q A 4 Z 2 Q > 0 Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q = ( m + m m m ) c 2 x X Y y Q > 0 Q < 0 Exothermic Endothermic 2
More informationRadiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects: Session 1
Radiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects: Session 1 Reading assignment: LLE Radiological Controls Manual (LLEINST 6610): Part 1 UR Radiation Safety Training Manual and Resource Book: Parts
More informationINTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS 1 Quiz #1 Solutions October 6, 2017
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS 1 Quiz #1 Solutions October 6, 2017 This is a closed book examination. Adequate information is provided you to solve all problems. Be sure to show all work, as partial credit
More informationPhotoneutron reactions studies at ELI-NP using a direct neutron multiplicity sorting method Dan Filipescu
EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA Sectoral Operational Programme Increase of Economic Competitiveness Investments for Your Future Structural Instruments 2007-2013 Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear
More informationChapter 2 Problem Solutions
Chapter Problem Solutions 1. If Planck's constant were smaller than it is, would quantum phenomena be more or less conspicuous than they are now? Planck s constant gives a measure of the energy at which
More informationSimulating Gamma-Ray Telescopes in Space Radiation Environments with Geant4: Detector Activation
Simulating Gamma-Ray Telescopes in Space Radiation Environments with Geant4: Detector Activation Andreas Zoglauer University of California at Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, USA Georg Weidenspointner
More informationThursday, April 23, 15. Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics Some Properties of Nuclei! All nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons! Exception is ordinary hydrogen with just a proton! The atomic number, Z, equals the number of protons in the
More informationProperties of the nucleus. 9.1 Nuclear Physics. Isotopes. Stable Nuclei. Size of the nucleus. Size of the nucleus
Properties of the nucleus 9. Nuclear Physics Properties of nuclei Binding Energy Radioactive decay Natural radioactivity Consists of protons and neutrons Z = no. of protons (tomic number) N = no. of neutrons
More information