AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT
|
|
- Bernice Warner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT
2 CATALYST FUNDAMENTLS Catalyst in its simplest term is a material that increase the rate (molecules converted by unit time) of a chemical reaction while itself not undergoing any permanent changre. Catalyst affects only the rate of the reaction, i.e.kinetics. It changes neither the thermodynamics of the reaction nor the equilibrium composition.
3 Rate of Reaction x y k0 ca cb exp( E RT ) o The activation energy for entire reaction represents the slowest of all steps involved in converting reactants to products.
4 TYPES OF CATALYSIS Heterogeneous catalysts Heterogeneous catalysts act in a different phase than the reactants. Most heterogeneous catalysts are solids that act on substrates in a liquid or gaseous reaction mixture. Homogeneous catalysts Homogeneous catalysts function in the same phase as the reactants, but the mechanistic principles invoked in heterogeneous catalysis are generally applicable.
5 MODELS OF REACTION KINETICS o Langmuir-Hinshelwood type with few global reaction steps. o Detailed catalytic surface reaction mechanism.
6 Absorption and Adsorption H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 2 adsorption on palladium H 2 absorption palladium hydride Adsorption and Catalysis H H H H H H H H H adsorbate coverage q fraction of surface sites occupied H H H H H adsorbent
7 Adsorption Mechanisms Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms: 1. Adsorption from the gas-phase 2. Desorption to the gas-phase 3. Dissociation of molecules at the surface 4. Reactions between adsorbed molecules The Reaction A 2 + 2B = 2AB may have the following mechanism A 2 + * = A 2 * A 2 * + * = 2A* B + * = B* A* + B* = AB* + * AB* = AB + *
8 Adsorption Mechanisms Eley-Rideal mechanism: 1. Adsorption from the gas-phase 2. Desorption to the gas-phase 3. Dissociation of molecules at the surface 4. Reactions between adsorbed molecules 5. Reactions between gas and adsorbed molecules The reaction A 2 + 2B = 2AB may have the following Eley-Rideal mechanism A 2 + * = A 2 * A 2 * + * = 2A* A* + B = AB + *
9 For the Eley-Rideal mechanism: the rate will increase with increasing coverage until the surface is completely covered by A*. For the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism: the rate will go through a maximum and end up at zero, when the surface is completely covered by A*. This happens because the step B + * = B* cannot proceed when A* blocks all sites.
10 DISPERSED CATALYST MODEL The number of reactant molecules converted to products in a given time is directly related to the number of catalytic sites available to the reactants. It is common practice to disperse the catalytic component on a high-surface-area carrier such as Al 2O3.
11 REGIMES OF CATALYTIC SURFACE REACTIONS In the intrinsic surface reaction regime, the kinetics dominates over diffusion effects. In the significant pore diffusion regime, the concentration gradients in the pores become significant as a result of the diffusion through pore structures and surface reactions. The mass transfer regime, the reaction rate is limited by the mass transfer between the bulk gas and the outside surface of the washcoat. k Da V L
12 THREE-WAY CATALYST For homogeneous charged Spark Ignition engines, the aftertreatment device of choice is the Three-Way Catalyst (TWC). This is because TWC is extremely effective at simultaneously oxidizing HC and CO, as well as reducing NOx provided that the engine operates at a stoichiometric fuel air mixture. η cat m m m x,in x,in x,out
13 T.W.C METALS The three most commonly employed metals for the TWC are platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd). Platinum: is used to complete the oxidation of HC and CO. Rhodium: has attractive NOx reduction properties with a formation of ammonia in the process. low Palladium: can be used for oxidation and reduction in place of the Pt/Rh catalysts, but it has a smaller operating window for conversion.
14 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER
15 GOVERNING PHENOMENA the following relevant rate processes are important: Bulk flow (gas) Interphase (gas surface) transfer Chemical reaction (surface) Heat generation (surface) Diffusion through washcoat (surface) Axial heat conduction (surface) Radial heat conduction (2D)
16 The efficiency of a catalyst is a function of three main factors: chemical species, temperature and residence time, so for catalyst modeling we must solve these equations: Bulk gas temperature (BGT) Bulk gas species (BGS) Surface temperature (ST) Surface species (SS) Surface intermediate species (SIS)
17 CLASSICAL APPROACHES Models of catalysts have existed in the literature since the late 1960s with the work by Vardi and Biller among the first reported.
18 CLASSICAL APPROACHES o Harned model
19 THANK YOU
Theoretical Models for Chemical Kinetics
Theoretical Models for Chemical Kinetics Thus far we have calculated rate laws, rate constants, reaction orders, etc. based on observations of macroscopic properties, but what is happening at the molecular
More informationCHE 611 Advanced Chemical Reaction Engineering
CHE 611 Advanced Chemical Reaction Engineering Dr. Muhammad Rashid Usman Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590 mrusman.icet@pu.edu.pk 1 Advanced Chemical
More informationAn Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Michel Soustelle WWILEY Table of Contents Preface xvii PART 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS 1 Chapter 1. Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Quantities 3 1.1. The
More informationExamination paper for TKP 4155 / KP 8903 REACTION KINETICS AND CATALYSIS
Department of Chemical Engineering Examination paper for TKP 4155 / KP 8903 REACTION KINETICS AND CATALYSIS Academic contact during examination: Professor Magnus Rønning Phone: 918 97 585 Examination date:
More informationChemical Kinetics. Chapter 13. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chemical Kinetics Chapter 13 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does
More informationFuel Cells in Energy Technology. Tutorial 5 / SS solutions. Prof. W. Schindler, Jassen Brumbarov / Celine Rüdiger
Fuel Cells in Energy Technology Tutorial 5 / SS 2013 - solutions Prof. W. Schindler, Jassen Brumbarov / Celine Rüdiger 05.06.2013 Homework 3: What hydrogen flow rate (g/hour) is required to generate 1
More informationHeterogeneous catalysis: the fundamentals Kinetics
www.catalysiscourse.com Heterogeneous catalysis: the fundamentals Kinetics Prof dr J W (Hans) Niemantsverdriet Schuit Institute of Catalysis Catalysis is a cycle A B separation P catalyst P bonding catalyst
More informationChemical Kinetics. Topic 7
Chemical Kinetics Topic 7 Corrosion of Titanic wrec Casón shipwrec 2Fe(s) + 3/2O 2 (g) + H 2 O --> Fe 2 O 3.H 2 O(s) 2Na(s) + 2H 2 O --> 2NaOH(aq) + H 2 (g) Two examples of the time needed for a chemical
More informationChemical Kinetics Ch t ap 1 er
Chemical Kinetics Chapter 13 1 Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does a reaction proceed? Reaction rate is the change in the concentration of a reactant or
More informationBAE 820 Physical Principles of Environmental Systems
BAE 820 Physical Principles of Environmental Systems Catalysis of environmental reactions Dr. Zifei Liu Catalysis and catalysts Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation
More informationCHEM Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics Catalysts A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of the reaction but is neither created nor destroyed in the process. Catalysts can be divided into two broad categories. Homogeneous
More informationAdsorption and Catalysis. Radha V Jayaram Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
Adsorption and Catalysis Radha V Jayaram Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 1 2 Different solids would adsorb different amounts of the same gas even under similar conditions. Substances like charcoal
More informationTOPIC 6: Chemical kinetics
TOPIC 6: Chemical kinetics Reaction rates Reaction rate laws Integrated reaction rate laws Reaction mechanism Kinetic theories Arrhenius law Catalysis Enzimatic catalysis Fuente: Cedre http://loincognito.-iles.wordpress.com/202/04/titanic-
More informationExplanation: They do this by providing an alternative route or mechanism with a lower activation energy
Catalysts Definition: Catalysts increase reaction rates without getting used up. Explanation: They do this by providing an alternative route or mechanism with a lower Comparison of the activation energies
More informationName AP CHEM / / Chapter 12 Outline Chemical Kinetics
Name AP CHEM / / Chapter 12 Outline Chemical Kinetics The area of chemistry that deals with the rate at which reactions occur is called chemical kinetics. One of the goals of chemical kinetics is to understand
More informationCHEMICAL KINETICS (RATES OF REACTION)
Kinetics F322 1 CHEMICAL KINETICS (RATES OF REACTION) Introduction Chemical kinetics is concerned with the dynamics of chemical reactions such as the way reactions take place and the rate (speed) of the
More informationIntroduction to the theory concerning CO oxidation over platinum group metals
Chapter 2 Introduction to the theory concerning CO oxidation over platinum group metals In this chapter a review is given of the literature about CO oxidation on platinum group metals surfaces. First we
More informationChemical Kinetics. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chemical Kinetics Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does a reaction
More informationAP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 KINETICS
AP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 KINETICS Thermodynamics tells us if a reaction can occur. Kinetics tells us how quickly the reaction occurs. Some reactions that are thermodynamically feasible are kinetically so
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CATALYTIC COMBUSTION
INTRODUCTION TO CATALYTIC COMBUSTION R.E. Hayes Professor of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta, Canada and S.T. Kolaczkowski Professor of Chemical
More informationModule 5: "Adsoption" Lecture 25: The Lecture Contains: Definition. Applications. How does Adsorption occur? Physisorption Chemisorption.
The Lecture Contains: Definition Applications How does Adsorption occur? Physisorption Chemisorption Energetics Adsorption Isotherms Different Adsorption Isotherms Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm file:///e
More informationONE-DIMENSIONAL PSEUDO-HOMOGENEOUS PACKED BED REACTOR MODELING INCLUDING NO-CO KINETICS. Anand Srinivasan
ONE-DIMENSIONAL PSEUDO-HOMOGENEOUS PACKED BED REACTOR MODELING INCLUDING NO-CO KINETICS By Anand Srinivasan Submitted to the graduate degree program in School of Engineering's Mechanical Engineering Department
More informationLecture 5. Solid surface: Adsorption and Catalysis
Lecture 5 Solid surface: Adsorption and Catalysis Adsorbtion G = H T S DG ads should be negative (spontaneous process) DS ads is negative (reduced freedom) DH should be negative for adsorption processes
More information2011 DOE Crosscut Workshop on Lean Emissions Reduction Simulation April 2011 Dearborn, MI
Renewable energies Eco-friendly production Innovative transport Eco-efficient processes Sustainable resources 2011 DOE Crosscut Workshop on Lean Emissions Reduction Simulation April 2011 Dearborn, MI Research
More informationEmissions Catalyst Design using GT-SUITE. Dr. Chaitanya Sampara Viridis Chemicals Private Limited
Emissions Catalyst Design using GT-SUITE Dr. Chaitanya Sampara Viridis Chemicals Private Limited Viridis Chemicals Background Originated at KSRM College of Engineering (212) Research Focus Develop tailored
More informationTemperature: An increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.
9 Kinetics I Factors affecting the rate of reaction Temperature: An increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction. Concentration: An increase in the concentration of a solution of reactants increases
More informationAP Chemistry - Notes - Chapter 12 - Kinetics Page 1 of 7 Chapter 12 outline : Chemical kinetics
AP Chemistry - Notes - Chapter 12 - Kinetics Page 1 of 7 Chapter 12 outline : Chemical kinetics A. Chemical Kinetics - chemistry of reaction rates 1. Reaction Rates a. Reaction rate- the change in concentration
More informationSimulation of Selective Catalytic Reduction using DARS 1D Tool
Simulation of Selective Catalytic Reduction using DARS 1D Tool Best Practice Training: Combustion & Chemical Reaction Modeling STAR Global Conference 2013 Karin Fröjd & Adina Tunér LOGE AB Outline Introduction
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics Factors that Affect Reaction rates Reaction Rates Concentration and Rate The Change of Concentration with Time Temperature and Rate Reactions Mechanisms Catalysis Chemical
More informationKinetics. Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Lecture Presentation Chapter 14 Yonsei University In kinetics we study the rate at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light
More informationOxygen Reduction Reaction
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Oxygen is the most common oxidant for most fuel cell cathodes simply
More informationSurface Chemistry & States of Matter
Surface Chemistry & States of Matter S. Sunil Kumar Lecturer in Chemistry 1. Adsorption is a. Colligative property b. Oxidation process c. Reduction process d. Surface phenomenon Ans. d 2. When adsorption
More informationEngineering and. Tapio Salmi Abo Akademi Abo-Turku, Finland. Jyri-Pekka Mikkola. Umea University, Umea, Sweden. Johan Warna.
Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology Tapio Salmi Abo Akademi Abo-Turku, Finland Jyri-Pekka Mikkola Umea University, Umea, Sweden Johan Warna Abo Akademi Abo-Turku, Finland CRC Press is
More informationPART I Fundamentals COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
PART I Fundamentals COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 1 Catalyst Fundamentals 1.1 INTRODUCTION Chemical reactions occur by breaking chemical bonds of reactants and by forming new bonds and new compounds. Breaking
More informationCO 2 and CO activation
2 and activation Most organic chemicals are currently made commercially from ethylene, a product of oil refining. It is possible that in the next several decades we may have to shift toward other carbon
More informationChapter 12 - Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 1 - Chemical Kinetics 1.1 Reaction Rates A. Chemical kinetics 1. Study of the speed with which reactants are converted to products B. Reaction Rate 1. The change in concentration of a reactant
More informationKinetic Parameters Estimation using Vehicle Data for Exhaust Aftertreatment Devices
Kinetic Parameters Estimation using Vehicle Data for Exhaust Aftertreatment Devices Karthik Ramanathan India Science Lab General Motors, Global Research and Development Center Bangalore, India Acknowledgments:
More informationDynamical Monte-Carlo Simulation of Surface Kinetics
Dynamical Monte-Carlo Simulation of Surface Kinetics V. Guerra and J. Loureiro Centro de Física dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract. This wor presents a theoretical
More informationRate of reaction refers to the amount of reactant used up or product created, per unit time. We can therefore define the rate of a reaction as:
Rates of Reaction Rate of reaction refers to the amount of reactant used up or product created, per unit time. We can therefore define the rate of a reaction as: Rate = change in concentration units: mol
More informationBrown et al, Chemistry, 2nd ed (AUS), Ch. 12:
Kinetics: Contents Brown et al, Chemistry, 2 nd ed (AUS), Ch. 12: Why kinetics? What is kinetics? Factors that Affect Reaction Rates Reaction Rates Concentration and Reaction Rate The Change of Concentration
More informationTutorial Chemical Reaction Engineering:
Dipl.-Ing. ndreas Jöre Tutorial hemical Reaction Engineering: 5. Kinetics I Institute of Process Engineering, G25-27, andreas.joere@ovgu.de 22-May-4 Equilibrium: Information about what is possible but
More information!n[a] =!n[a] o. " kt. Half lives. Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure of methyl isonitrile as a function of time!
Half lives Half life: t 1/2 t 1/2 is the time it takes for the concentration of a reactant to drop to half of its initial value. For the reaction A! products Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure
More informationGAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS
Page 1 of 16 GAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS In modern surface science, important technological processes often involve the adsorption of molecules in gaseous form onto a surface. We can treat this adsorption
More informationChemistry 6A F2007. Dr. J.A. Mack 11/19/07. Chemical Kinetics measure the rate of appearance of products or the rate of disappearance of reactants.
Chemistry 6A F2007 Dr. J.A. Mack Chemical Kinetics measure the rate of appearance of products or the rate of disappearance of reactants. Reactants Products Reactants go away with time. Products appear
More informationRates of Reaction HL
Name: Rates of Reaction Objectives 16. Rates of Reaction -define rate of reaction -define catalysis -monitor the rate of production of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, using manganese dioxide as a catalyst
More informationTYPES OF CATALYSIS Reading Supplement
TYPES OF CATALYSIS Reading Supplement This page looks at the the different types of catalyst (heterogeneous and homogeneous) with examples of each kind, and explanations of how they work. You will also
More informationChemical Reaction Engineering Prof. Jayant Modak Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Chemical Reaction Engineering Prof. Jayant Modak Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture No. # 26 Problem solving : Heterogeneous reactions Friends, in last few
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29891 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Roobol, Sander Bas Title: The structure of a working catalyst : from flat surfaces
More informationCatalysis Lectures W.H. Green 5.68J/10.652J Spring Handouts: Norskov et al., J. Catalysis Imbihl and Ertl, Chem. Rev. (partial) Homework
Catalysis Lectures W.H. Green 5.68J/10.652J Spring 2003 Handouts: Norskov et al., J. Catalysis Imbihl and Ertl, Chem. Rev. (partial) Homework Major points: 1) Why reactions have barriers, and how catalysts
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Chapter 12 Table of Contents 12.1 Reaction Rates 12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction 12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law 12.4 The Integrated Rate Law 12.5 Reaction Mechanisms
More informationDistinguish quantitatively between the adsorption isotherms of Gibbs, Freundlich and Langmuir.
Module 8 : Surface Chemistry Lecture 36 : Adsorption Objectives After studying this lecture, you will be able to Distinguish between physisorption and chemisorption. Distinguish between monolayer adsorption
More information(a) Reaction rates (i) Following the course of a reaction Reactions can be followed by measuring changes in concentration, mass and volume of
(a) Reaction rates (i) Following the course of a reaction Reactions can be followed by measuring changes in concentration, mass and volume of reactants or products. g Measuring a change in mass Measuring
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
7/10/003 Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics 14-1 Rates of Chemical Reactions 14- Reaction Rates and Concentrations 14-3 The Dependence of Concentrations on Time 14-4 Reaction Mechanisms 14-5 Reaction Mechanism
More informationAdsorption of gases on solids (focus on physisorption)
Adsorption of gases on solids (focus on physisorption) Adsorption Solid surfaces show strong affinity towards gas molecules that it comes in contact with and some amt of them are trapped on the surface
More information3 Faradaic Reaction with a Surface Adsorption Step
0.626 Electrochemical Energy Systems Spring 204 Lecture 9: Electrocatalysis Notes by MIT Student (and MZB) The Concept of Electrocatalysis In chemistry, the concept of a catalyst is defined as a substance
More informationChapter 12. Kinetics. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Chemical. Kinetics
PowerPoint to accompany Kinetics Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Studies the rate at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light
More informationDocument Version Publisher s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)
On the temperature dependence of the Arrhenius activation energy for hydroisomerization catalyzed by Pt/Mordenite Runstraat, van de, A.; van Grondelle, J.; van Santen, R.A. Published in: Journal of Catalysis
More informationFrom Friday s material
5.111 Lecture 35 35.1 Kinetics Topic: Catalysis Chapter 13 (Section 13.14-13.15) From Friday s material Le Chatelier's Principle - when a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium tends
More informationAu-C Au-Au. g(r) r/a. Supplementary Figures
g(r) Supplementary Figures 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Au-C Au-Au 2 4 r/a 6 8 Supplementary Figure 1 Radial bond distributions for Au-C and Au-Au bond. The zero density regime between the first two peaks in g
More informationChapter 11 Rate of Reaction
William L Masterton Cecile N. Hurley http://academic.cengage.com/chemistry/masterton Chapter 11 Rate of Reaction Edward J. Neth University of Connecticut Outline 1. Meaning of reaction rate 2. Reaction
More informationEmissions Catalyst Design using GT-SUITE. Dr. Chaitanya Sampara Mr. Dominik Artukovic
Emissions Catalyst Design using GT-SUITE Dr. Chaitanya Sampara Mr. Dominik Artukovic Viridis Chemicals Background Specialize in developing catalyst specific reaction kinetics Chemistries Gasoline TWC Diesel
More informationDETAILED MODELLING OF SHORT-CONTACT-TIME REACTORS
DETAILED MODELLING OF SHORT-CONTACT-TIME REACTORS Olaf Deutschmann 1, Lanny D. Schmidt 2, Jürgen Warnatz 1 1 Interdiziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer
More informationChemical Kinetics. What quantities do we study regarding chemical reactions? 15 Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics Chemical kinetics: the study of reaction rate, a quantity conditions affecting it, the molecular events during a chemical reaction (mechanism), and presence of other components (catalysis).
More informationReaction and Diffusion in a Porous Catalyst Pellet. by Richard K. Herz
Reaction and Diffusion in a Porous Catalyst Pellet by Richard K. Herz Solid catalysts are often called "heterogeneous catalysts" meaning that they are in a different phase from fluid reactants
More informationA mini review on the chemistry and catalysis of the water gas shift reaction
A mini review on the chemistry and catalysis of the water gas shift reaction Abstract: Bifunctional/bimetallic catalysts are a set of important catalytic materials that find their applications in many
More informationHydrogen addition to the Andrussow process for HCN synthesis
Applied Catalysis A: General 201 (2000) 13 22 Hydrogen addition to the Andrussow process for HCN synthesis A.S. Bodke, D.A. Olschki, L.D. Schmidt Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
How fast do chemical processes occur? There is an enormous range of time scales. Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics Kinetics also sheds light on the reaction mechanism (exactly how the reaction occurs). Why
More informationSIMPLE MCP TRANSPORT MODEL
SIMPLE MCP TRANSPORT MODEL ANGEL YANGUAS-GIL 1. Desorption kinetics in a cylindrical pore in presence of physisorption After the end of a dose, pores in a substrate are ideally saturated with a constant
More informationNPTEL. Chemical Reaction Engineering II - Video course. Chemical Engineering. COURSE OUTLINE
NPTEL Syllabus Chemical Reaction Engineering II - Video course COURSE OUTLINE This is a typical second course in the subject of chemical reaction engineering with an emphasis on heterogeneous reaction
More informationPart One: Reaction Rates. 1. Even though a reaction is thermodynamically favorable it may not occur at all if it is kinetically very slow.
CHAPTER 13: RATES OF REACTION Part One: Reaction Rates A. Chemical Kinetics deals with: 1. 2. B. Importance: 1. Even though a reaction is thermodynamically favorable it may not occur at all if it is kinetically
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
4//004 Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics 4- Rates of Chemical Reactions 4- Reaction Rates and Concentrations 4-3 The Dependence of Concentrations on Time 4-4 Reaction Mechanisms 4-5 Reaction Mechanism and Rate
More informationZeolite HC Traps: Experiments and Simulations
CLEERS 2013 Zeolite HC Traps: Experiments and Simulations Presenter - Ford Motor Company April 10, 2013 p. 1 Chemical Engineering Department Outline -Introduction -Mathematical model development and simulation
More informationADSORPTION ON SURFACES. Kinetics of small molecule binding to solid surfaces
ADSORPTION ON SURFACES Kinetics of small molecule binding to solid surfaces When the reactants arrive at the catalyst surface, reactions are accelerated Physisorption and Chemisorption 1- diffusion to
More informationX-ray absorption spectroscopy
X-ray absorption spectroscopy Jagdeep Singh Jeroen A. van Bokhoven Absorption as function of energy of the x-ray Data-analysis Absorption (a.u.) 2.0 Pre-edge subtraction 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5 8800 9000 9200
More informationTutorial Chemical Reaction Engineering:
Dipl.-Ing. ndreas Jöre Tutorial hemical Reaction Engineering: 6. Kinetics II Institute of Process Engineering, G25-27, andreas.joere@ovgu.de 26-May-5 Tas 6.: yrene polymerization in an isothermal batch
More informationEnduring Understandings & Essential Knowledge for AP Chemistry
Enduring Understandings & Essential Knowledge for AP Chemistry Big Idea 1: The chemical elements are fundamental building materials of matter, and all matter can be understood in terms of arrangements
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Reaction Rate Change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. Rate = concentration of A at time t t 2 1 2 1 concentration of A at
More informationLesmahagow High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Chemical Changes & Structure Controlling the Rate
Lesmahagow High School CfE Higher Chemistry Chemical Changes & Structure Controlling the Rate E a Page 1 of 18 Learning Outcomes Controlling the Rate Circle a face to show how much understanding you have
More informationChapter 8: Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
Chapter 8: Reaction Rates and Equilibrium ACTIVATION ENERGY In some reaction mixtures, the average total energy of the molecules is too low at the prevailing temperature for a reaction to take place at
More informationChemical Kinetics and Equilibrium
Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium Part 1: Kinetics David A. Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College Tucson, AZ USA Chemical Kinetics The study of the rates of chemical reactions and how they
More informationCHEMICAL KINETICS. (Part II)
Chapter 14 CHEMICAL KINETICS (Part II) Dr. Al Saadi 1 Reaction Mechanism Most reactions occur in a series of steps. The balancedequation equation gives information about the initial reactants and the final
More informationNanoscale Materials and Their Properties Teacher Guide Unit 2: Metallic and Ionic Nanoparticle
Nanoscale Materials and Their Properties Teacher Guide Unit 2: Metallic and Ionic Nanoparticles: Extendable Structures Objectives for Metallic and Ionic Nanoparticles: Extendable Structures Lesson Objectives:
More informationChapter Chemical Kinetics
CHM 51 Chapter 13.5-13.7 Chemical Kinetics Graphical Determination of the Rate Law for A Product Plots of [A] versus time, ln[a] versus time, and 1/[A] versus time allow determination of whether a reaction
More informationConsequences of Surface Oxophilicity of Ni, Ni-Co, and Co Clusters on Methane. Activation
Supporting Information for: Consequences of Surface Oxophilicity of Ni, Ni-Co, and Co Clusters on Methane Activation Weifeng Tu, 1 Mireille Ghoussoub, Chandra Veer Singh,,3** and Ya-Huei (Cathy) Chin 1,*
More informationPredicting the Effect of Catalyst Axial Active Site Distributions on a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance
Predicting the Effect of Catalyst Axial Active Site Distributions on a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance by Suad Al-Adwani A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis
More informationREPORT ON SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE. Course ME-228 Materials and Structural Property Correlations Course Instructor Prof. M. S.
REPORT ON SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE Course ME-228 Materials and Structural Property Correlations Course Instructor Prof. M. S. Bobji Submitted by Ankush Kumar Jaiswal (09371) Abhay Nandan (09301) Sunil
More informationWorldwide Pollution Control Association
Worldwide Pollution Control Association WPCA- Southern Company Mercury Seminar October 30-31, 2012 All presentations posted on this website are copyrighted by the Worldwide Pollution Control Association
More informationEffects of Different Processing Parameters on Divinylbenzene (DVB) Production Rate
1 Effects of Different Processing Parameters on Divinylbenzene (DVB) Production Rate ME Zeynali Petrochemical Synthesis Group, Petrochemical Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O.
More informationHeterogeneous chiral catalysis on surfaces, in nanopores and with emulsions
Prof. Can Li's Laboratory Heterogeneous chiral catalysis on surfaces, in nanopores and with emulsions Chiral catalysis is of great industrial interest for the production of enantiomerically pure compounds.
More informationEsterification of acetic acid with methanol: A Kinetic Study on Amberlyst 15. Renier Schwarzer
Esterification of acetic acid with methanol: A Kinetic Study on Amberlyst 15 Renier Schwarzer Esterification of acetic acid with methanol: A Kinetic Study on Amberlyst 15 by Renier Schwarzer A thesis submitted
More informationTABLE OF CONTENT. Chapter 4 Multiple Reaction Systems 61 Parallel Reactions 61 Quantitative Treatment of Product Distribution 63 Series Reactions 65
TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chemical Reaction 2 Classification of Chemical Reaction 2 Chemical Equation 4 Rate of Chemical Reaction 5 Kinetic Models For Non Elementary Reaction 6 Molecularity
More information1. Why are chemical reactions important to energy, environmental and process engineering? Name as many reasons as you can think of.
EEC 503 Spring 2013 REVIEW 1: BASIC KINETIC CONCEPTS 1. Why are chemical reactions important to energy, environmental and process engineering? Name as many reasons as you can think of. 2. What is a chemical
More informationOverview of LNT Modeling Approaches
Overview of LNT Modeling Approaches -1- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Overview of LNT Modeling Approaches Miloš Marek, Petr Kočí http://www.vscht.cz/monolith CLEERS Workshop
More informationDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology, Iran
Tayebeh Hamzehlouyan Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology, Iran ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles June 0, 018 1. Motivation. Experimental
More informationHow can we use the Arrhenius equation?
How can we use the Arrhenius equation? k = Ae Ea RT Lab H 3 CNC(g) H 3 CCN(g) 1. Experiment to determine rate law 2. Experiment to determine Ea Temperature (K) k (s -1 ) 1/T ln k 462.9 2.52E-05 0.00216-10.589
More informationAnnouncement. CHEM 1001N quizzes
Announcement CHEM 1001N quizzes Surnames A - M: Stedman Lecture Hall D Surnames N - Z: Accolade East 001 Those who will be writing in Accolade East 001 should go and find that room NOW because they will
More informationSupplementary Information. The role of copper particle size in low pressure methanol synthesis via CO 2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO catalysts
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Catalysis Science & Technology. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information The role of copper particle size in low pressure
More informationPart One: Reaction Rates. 1. Rates of chemical reactions. (how fast products are formed and/or reactants are used up)
A. Chemical Kinetics deals with: CHAPTER 13: RATES OF REACTION Part One: Reaction Rates 1. Rates of chemical reactions. (how fast products are formed and/or reactants are used up) 2. Mechanisms of chemical
More informationUnderstanding NH 3 emissions over a three-way catalyst in lean/rich conditions.
Understanding NH 3 emissions over a three-way catalyst in lean/rich conditions. Tiago Casinhas Ribeiro tiago.casinhas@ist.utl.pt Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal December 215 Abstract Current
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section
More information