EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF WELD JOINT ON SUBMERGED ARC WELDING

Transcription

1 EFFECT OF PROCE PARAMETERS OF WELD JOINT ON SUBMERGED ARC WELDING Abhishk Kumar, PG Scholar, Dpartmnt of PRODUCTION ENGINERRING, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, India. 2 Dr. Prakash Kumar, Had and Associat Profssor, Dpartmnt of PRODUCTION ENGINERRING, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, India. abhishkkr943@gmail.com, 2 kprakash_7@yahoo.co.in Abstract- Submrgd arc wlding (SAW) is on of th oldst automatic wlding procsss usd to provid high quality of wld. In this study, influncs of th wlding procss paramtrs on th Submrgd Arc wlding wr invstigatd. Th Wlding Arc Voltag, Wlding Currnt and Elctrod ar chosn as wlding procss paramtrs. Th aim of th prsnt work was to study th ffct of various procss paramtrs i.. currnt, voltag and lctrod stickout on changs in tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss of ASTM A56 low carbon stl. With th hlp of abov wlding procss paramtr w analyzd th optimum valu of tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss for SAW. This papr has bn analyzd in Minitab 8 softwar and application of Taguchi tchniqu is usd for dtrmining th optimal procss paramtrs for SAW procss. Mathmatical modls wr dvlopd for th submrgd arc wlding of structural stl plat s thicknss of 6 mm. Accordingly, a suitabl orthogonal array was slctd and xprimnts wr conductd in Minitab 8 softwar. Aftr conducting th xprimnts th Signal to Nois ratio(s/n) was calculatd for ach paramtr. Finally conformation was conductd by ANOVA with MINITAB8 softwar to chck accuracy of optimizd rsults. Kywords ASTM A56, Anova, Minitab 8, Optimization, Saw, S/N Ratio, Taguchi mthod I. INTRODUCTION Wlding is a procss of joining two or mor diffrnt matrials. Submrgd Arc Wlding is on of th oldst automatic wlding procsss which introducd in 930s for providing high quality of wld. SAW is mor conomical and is a much fastr procss compard to both casting and rivting. Th quality of wld in Submrg Arc Wlding is majorly influncd by various factors such as wlding currnt, wlding spd, wlding arc voltag, lctrod xtnsion tc. Submrgd arc wlding procss is vry important componnt in many industrial organizations. Th submrgd arc wlding paramtrs ar th most important factors affcting quality, productivity and cost of wlding joint. Submrgd arc wlding can b mployd for an xtrmly wid rang of work pics. Th mthod is suitabl for butt wlding and fillt wlding of such applications as structural mmbrs in ships, manufactur of prssur vssls, bridg bams, massiv watr pips, thin sht shlls and so on. In addition, th procss is particularly ffctiv for cladding applications,.g. whn surfacing mild carbon stl with stainlss stl matrials, or whn dpositing hard matrials on a softr substrat. [] II. LITERATURE REVIEW Ovr th past svral yars a lot of rsarch has bn don in th ara of submrgd arc wlding and many intrsting rsults hav bn brought up on th various aspcts of Submrgd Arc Wlding (SAW) and MILD Stl. Patnaik t al. [2] studid th SAW procss and found wid industrial application du to its asy applicability, high currnt dnsity and ability to dposit a larg amount of wld mtal using mor than on wir at th sam tim. It was highly mphasizd in manufacturing spcially bcaus of its ability to rstor worn parts. SAW was charactrizd by a larg numbr of procss paramtrs influncing th prformanc outputs such as dposition rat, dilution and hardnss, which subsquntly affct wld quality. Th rlationship btwn control factors and prformanc outputs was stablishd by mans of nonlinar rgrssion analysis, rsulting in a valid mathmatical modl. Elsayd & Chn [3] introducd that paramtr dsign, basd on th Taguchi mthod, can optimiz th prformanc charactristic through th stting of procss paramtrs and can rduc th snsitivity of th systm prformanc to sourcs of variation. Prasad & Dwivdi [4] invstigatd th influnc of th SAW procss paramtrs (wlding currnt and wlding spd) on th microstructur, hardnss, and toughnss of HSLA stl wld joints. Attmpts wr mad to analyz th rsults on th basis of th hat input. Th SAW procss was usd for th wlding of 6 mm thick HSLA stl plats. Th wld joints wr prpard using comparativly high hat input (3.0 to 6.3 KJ/mm) by varying wlding currnt ( A) and wlding spd ( mm/min). Rsults showd that th incras in hat input coarsns th 88 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

2 grain structur both in th wld mtal and hat affctd zon. Th hardnss was found to vary from th wld cntr lin to bas mtal and pak hardnss was found in th HAZ. Th hardnss rducd with th incras in wlding currnt and rduction in wlding spd whil th toughnss showd mixd trnd. Ramn Datta t al. [5] carrid out th tnsil tst on torr (torstg) stl joind by Shildd Mtal Arc Wlding (SMAW) and th transvrs tnsil strngth obsrvd was 524 MPa whil that of parnt matrial was 523 MPa. It was found that th tnsil strngth obtaind was highr than th minimum spcifid tnsil strngth. M. Erglu t al. [6] did a rsarch on low carbon stl plat (SAE 020 stl) to s th ffct of coars initial grain siz and hat input on microstructur using hat input for wlding as 0.5, and 2 kj/mm and concludd that lowr hat input (0.5 KJ/mm) rsultd in maximum hardnss du to formation of martnsit. Myrs & Montgomry [7] studid that, in submrgd arc wlding procss paramtrs intract in a complicatd mannr that influncs various faturs of quality charactristics of th wld bad. Quadratic rspons surfac mthodology was an fficint approach to rprsnt ths rlationships through mathmatical quations. Chandl t al. [8] obsrvd that many variants of SAW such as twin arc, tandm arc, multipl wir, strip lctrods, tc., ar widly usd for spcific applications. With th us of propr paramtrs and SAW variant, it is now possibl to achiv dposition rats in xcss of 50 kg/hr. Th incras in dposition rat in most cass was achivd by incrasing wlding currnt and hnc th hat input. III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT Th litratur rviw showd that any chang in th paramtr of submrgd arc wlding affct th proprtis of wlding. So, in this study it is proposd to find out th ffct of changing diffrnt wlding paramtrs on tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss. Th ASTM A56 low carbon stl of dimnsions of 50 x 80 x 6 mm was usd as a work matrial. Th xprimnts hav bn conductd on Submrgd Arc Wlding Machin i.. ATE SA-200 wlding tractor (Mak: ATE Pvt. Ltd., Pun) availabl at Production Workshop, B.I.T Msra, Ranchi. TABLE Main tchnical paramtrs of wlding tractor Travl Spd m/hr Wir fding rat 0.8m/min m/min Wir diamtr 2.4 mm -5 mm Ratd currnt 700 A Ratd voltag 00 V A. Slction of Contributing Factors Affcting Wlding Th dtrmination of contributing factors which nds to b invstigatd dpnds on th rsponss of intrst.. Thr ar thr factors to b idntifid through pilot study that affct tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss of work pic. Ths ar - ) Wlding currnt 2) Voltag 3) Elctrod. In th prsnt xprimntal stup, thr ar thr factors varid at 3-lvl wr chosn through pilot study. Taguchi dsign has bn usd for th dsign of xprimnts, bcaus it rducs th numbr of itrations and usd to optimiz th known paramtrs. Th valus of th input procss paramtrs and thr lvls for th SAW ar as givn blow in Tabl 2. TABLE 2: MAIN PARAMETERS AND THEIR VALUES AT DIFFERENT LEVEL Wlding Lvl Lvl 2 Lvl 3 DOF Paramtrs Currnt (A) Voltag (V) B. Dsign of Exprimnt As statd arlir Taguchi L9 array has bn slctd for th xprimntation. Th xprimntal dsign was compltd using th Taguchi s fractional factorial xprimnts (FFEs). Wlding currnt, Voltag, Elctrod has bn chosn as th factors of intrst. L9 array with actual factors lvl is shown in Tabl 3. Chmical composition is listd in tabl 4. Tabl 3 Orthogonal Array (L 9 ) and Control Paramtrs Trial Currnt (A) Voltag(V) Elctrod TABLE 4: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ASTM A56 C Mn Si S P FIGURE - SAW Machin (Courtsy: Production Workshop, B.I.T Msra, Ranchi) C. Cutting of Stl Plats Th stl plats availabl for th study wr of siz 000 x 500 x 6 mm. Ths wr firstly cut in to strip of siz 000 x 80 x 6 mm through oxy-actyln gas cutting as shown 89 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

3 in Figur 5.2. Thn ths stl strips wr cut to th rquird siz of 50 x 80x 6 mm with th hlp of powr hacksaw. D. Mthod of prparation of stl plat spcimn 9 plats wr cut to siz of dimnsion 50 x 80 x 6` mm for xprimnt. Th dg prparation of 60 o was mad on 80 mm sid as shown in Figur 2. Edg prparation was don on shapr as shown in Figur 3. Groov btwn two plats is shown in Figur 4. FIGURE 5-Groov btwn two plats (a) Submrgd arc wlding of plats (b) Joints of plat aftr wlding Aftr wlding th parts wr cut to siz as pr th rquirmnt for tnsil tst, toughnss and hardnss in wir cut EDM machin. FIGURE 6- Cutting of plats aftr wlding FIGURE 2- Groov gomtry (a) front viw and (b) top viw FIGURE 3- Making chamfr on cornr of plat (a) (b) FIGURE 4-Groov btwn two plats (a) front viw (b) top viw Plats wr placd undr th lctrod for wlding and clampd with bas plat using C clamprs. Th wlding was compltd on ach part as shown in Figurs 5. (a) (b) Orintation of cutting of spcimns aftr wlding is shown in Figur 6, () rprsnts wast matrial, (2) rprsnts tnsil tst spcimn, (3) rprsnts toughnss tst spcimn, (4) rprsnts hardnss tst spcimn. IV. MEASUREMENT OF TENSILE STRENGTH On masurmnt for ach run was mad for Tnsil Strngth using Manual Univrsal Tsting Machin. Th obsrvd valus of th rsponss ar givn in Tabl 2. Sinc a good rsult is obtaind by th highr Tnsil Strngth hnc highr is bttr S/N ratio is slctd. TABLE 2 Rsult of Tnsil Strngth with S/N ratio Trial Curr nt (A) Voltag (V) Elctrod stickout Tnsil Strngt h (MPa) S/N Rati o A. ANOVA for Tnsil Strngth Th rsults of tnsil strngth ar shown in tabl no. 3. Th tabl consist valus of tnsil strngth for th nin trials. ANOVA tabl for mans is givn in tabl 3. ANOVA tabl indicats that p valu for currnt is at minimum lvl whn tnsil strngth is takn as rspons. P valu for currnt is 0.05, which is lssr than F valu for currnt is also at maximum lvl, which indicats that is a significant factor contributing to th rspons, which includs th ranks of contributing factors. In th prsnt study currnt is most significant factor. Main ffct plot showing th variation in th tnsil strngth with chang in input factors hav bn shown tabl no. 3. and clarly shows that tnsil strngth incrass almost linarly with incras in currnt. 90 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

4 Sourc TABLE 3 ANOVA for Tnsil-Strngth D F Sq Currnt Contribut ion 87.30% MS F- Valu P- Valu Voltag % Elctrod % Error % Total % B. Analysis of S/N Ratio for Tnsil Strngth Lowr Tnsil-Strngth is an undsirabl proprty of wld bd joint, bcaus it dos not provid strngth to th wld joint. So, highr th bttr option is chosn for signal to nois ratio calculations. Main ffct plots ar shown in tabl 4 and graph. Lvl TABLE 4 Rspons tabl for S/N ratio of tnsil strngth Currnt Voltag Elctrod Dlta Rank 3 2 FIGURE 7 - Main ffct plot for tnsil strngth From Tabl optimal paramtrs stting for highr tnsil strngth ar at 450 A currnt, 32 V Voltag and 28 mm lctrod. Figur 7 shows main ffct plot for S/N ratio. C. Effct of wlding paramtrs: Sourc D F Sq Contribut ion MS Currnt % Voltag % Elctrod % Error % Total % F- P- Valu Valu On xamination of S/N ratio of tnsil strngth it was found from Dlta valus, wlding currnt is found to b most significant factor, nxt is lctrod, and lastly th voltag. From figur it is obsrvd that th optimum condition for maximum hardnss is A3B3C2 (i.. currnt =450 ampr, voltag=32 volts, lctrod =28 mm). For paramtr optimization following formula basd upon Taguchi dsign has bn usd for tnsil strngth: Ƞopt = m+ (ma3 m) + (mb3 m) + (mc2 m) Whr m is th ovrall man of S/N data, ma3 is th man of S/N data for wlding currnt at lvl 3 and mb3 is th man of S/N data for wlding voltag at lvl 3 and mc2 is th man of S/N data for lctrod at lvl 2. Calculation, ovrall man of SN ratio (m) was takn from Minitab softwar. m= Thrfor, ƞopt = ( )+ ( )+( )= (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ (ƞopt / 0) for proprtis, highr is bttr (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ ( /0) = Yopt= So, Optimum valu of tnsil strngth = MPa V. MEASUREMENT OF TOUGHNE On masurmnt for ach run was mad for Toughnss using Charpy Toughnss Tst Machin. Th obsrvd valus of th rsponss ar givn in Tabl 5. Sinc a good rsult is obtaind by th highr Toughnss hnc highr is bttr S/N ratio is slctd. Trial TABLE 5 Rsult of Toughnss with S/N ratio Curr Toughn nt (A) Voltag (V) Elctro d stickout ss (J) S/N Ratio A. ANOVA for Toughnss Th rsults of toughnss ar shown in tabl no. 6. Th tabl consists of valus of toughnss for th nin trials. ANOVA tabl for mans is givn in tabl 6. ANOVA tabl indicats that p valu for lctrod is at minimum lvl whn toughnss is takn as rspons. P valu for lctrod is 0.042, which is lssr than F valu for lctrod is also at maximum lvl, which indicats that is a significant factor contributing to th rspons, which includs th ranks of contributing factors. In th prsnt study lctrod is most significant factor. Main ffct plot showing th variation in th toughnss with chang in input factors hav bn shown tabl. It is clar from tabl that toughnss incrass almost linarly with incras in lctrod. Main ffct 9 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

5 plot showing th variation in th toughnss with chang in input factors hav bn shown in tabl no 6. TABLE 6 ANOVA for Toughnss B. Analysis of S/N Ratio for Toughnss Lowr Toughnss is an undsirabl proprty of wld bd joint, bcaus it dos not provid strngth to th wld joint. So, highr th bttr option is chosn for signal to nois ratio calculations. Main ffct plots ar shown in tabl 7 and graph 2. Lvl Currnt Voltag Elctrod Dlta Rank 2 3 TABLE 7 Rspons tabl for S/N ratio of toughnss FIGURE 8 - Main ffct plot for toughnss From Tabl optimal paramtrs stting for highr toughnss ar at 400 A currnt, 30 V Voltag and 35 mm lctrod. Figur 8 shows main ffct plot for S/N ratio. C. Effct of wlding paramtrs: On xamination of S/N ratio of toughnss it was found from Dlta valus, lctrod is found to b most significant factor, nxt is currnt, and lastly th voltag. From figur it is obsrvd that th optimum condition for maximum toughnss is A2B2C3 (i.. currnt =400 ampr, voltag=30 volts, lctrod =35 mm). For paramtr optimization following formula basd upon Taguchi dsign has bn usd for toughnss: Ƞopt = m+ (ma2 m) + (mb2 m) + (mc3 m) Whr m is th ovrall man of S/N data, ma2 is th man of S/N data for wlding currnt at lvl 2 and mb2 is th man of S/N data for wlding voltag at lvl 2 and mc3 is th man of S/N data for lctrod at lvl 3. Calculation, ovrall man of SN ratio (m) was takn from Minitab softwar. m= Thrfor, ƞopt = ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = Lvl Currnt Voltag Elctrod Dlta Rank 3 2 (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ (ƞopt / 0) for proprtis, highr is bttr (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ ( /0) = Yopt= So, Optimum valu of toughnss = J VI. MEASUREMENT OF HARDNE On masurmnt for ach run was mad for Hardnss using Brinll Hardnss Machin. Th obsrvd valus of th rsponss ar givn in Tabl 8. Sinc a good rsult is obtaind by th highr Hardnss hnc highr is bttr S/N ratio is slctd. Trial TABLE 8 Rsult of Toughnss with S/N ratio A. ANOVA for Hardnss Th rsults of hardnss ar shown in tabl no. 9. Th tabl consists of valus of hardnss for th nin trials. ANOVA tabl for mans is givn in tabl 9. ANOVA tabl indicats that p valu for currnt is at minimum lvl whn hardnss is takn as rspons. P valu for currnt is 0.006, which is lssr than F valu for currnt is also at maximum lvl, which indicats that is a significant factor contributing to th rspons, which includs th ranks of contributing factors. In th prsnt study currnt is most significant factor. Main ffct plot showing th variation in th hardnss with chang in input factors hav bn shown tabl. It is clar from tabl that hardnss incrass almost linarly with incras in currnt. Main ffct plot showing th variation in th hardnss with chang in input factors hav bn shown in tabl no 9. Sourc TABLE 9 ANOVA for Hardnss D F Sq Currnt Voltag Elctrod Curr nt (A) Contrib ution 59.64% % % MS Error % Total Voltag (V) % Elctrod Hardnss (BHN) F- Valu P- Valu S/N Ratio IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

6 B. Analysis of S/N Ratio for Hardnss Lowr Hardnss is an undsirabl proprty of wld bd joint, bcaus it dos not provid strngth to th wld joint. So, highr th bttr option is chosn for signal to nois ratio calculations. Main ffct plots ar shown in tabl 0 and graph 3. TABLE 0 Rspons tabl for S/N ratio of hardnss Wlding currnt and travl spd was found as th most significant factor with p valu of Voltag and lctrod did not show any significant ffct on tnsil strngth. Th man tnsil strngth using th optimal condition would b maximum with wlding currnt should b 450 Ampr, voltag should b 32 V and lctrod should b 28mm. Elctrod was found as th most significant factor with p valu of Wlding currnt shows modrat significant ffct on toughnss at room tmpratur, whil voltag dos not shows any ffct on toughnss. Th man toughnss at room tmpratur using th optimal condition would b maximum with wlding currnt should b 350 Ampr, voltag should b 30V, and lctrod should b 35mm. FIGURE 9 - Main ffct plot for hardnss From Tabl optimal paramtrs stting for highr hardnss ar at 450 A currnt, 28 V Voltag and 20 mm lctrod. Figur 9 shows main ffct plot for S/N ratio. C. Effct of wlding paramtrs: On xamination of S/N ratio of hardnss it was found from Dlta valus, currnt is found to b most significant factor, nxt is lctrod, and lastly th voltag From figur it is obsrvd that th optimum condition for maximum hardnss is A3BC (i.. currnt =450 ampr, voltag=28 volts, lctrod =20 mm). For paramtr optimization following formula basd upon Taguchi dsign has bn usd for hardnss: Ƞopt = m+ (ma3 m) + (mb m) + (mc m) Whr m is th ovrall man of S/N data, ma3 is th man of S/N data for wlding currnt at lvl 3 and mb is th man of S/N data for wlding voltag at lvl and mc is th man of S/N data for lctrod at lvl. Calculation, ovrall man of SN ratio (m) was takn from Minitab softwar. m= Thrfor, ƞopt = ( ) + ( ) + ( )= (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ (ƞopt / 0) for proprtis, highr is bttr (Yopt) 2 = (0) ^ (37.465/0) = Yopt= So, Optimum valu of hardnss = BHN VII. RESULTS Th ffct of thr input factors was studid on th tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss using th L9 Taguchi xprimntal dsign. Tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss wr masurd as th rspons paramtrs. ANOVA was compltd for all th rsponss to analyz th significanc of th input factors. Main ffct plots for man valus has bn dvlopd and analyzd. Currnt was found as th most significant factors with p valu of Although th p valus of voltag and lctrod which was 0.08 and 0.07 rspctivly shows that voltag and lctrod dos also affct th hardnss. Th man hardnss using th optimal condition would b maximum with wlding currnt should b 450 Ampr, voltag should b 30V, lctrod should b 20mm. VIII. CONFIRMATORY TEST Confirmatory tst was conductd at optimum combination of procss paramtrs to chck th validity of optimal paramtrs of wlding. Th conformation xprimnt don to validats th initial xprimnt rsults obtaind and th conclusion of xprimnt. In this cas th improvmnt of th prformanc charactristics of th wlding procss paramtr ar prdictd and vrifid. Th prdictd S/N ratio using th optimal lvls of th wlding paramtrs can b calculatd by using: ƞ opt = n m + j n m ) Whr nm is total man of S/N ratio, ni is th man of S/N ratio at th optimal lvl, and n is th numbr of main wlding paramtrs that significantly affct th prformanc. This quation is usd for obtain th rsults of xprimnt, using optimal wlding input paramtrs and comparing it with xisting/initial procss. Th validation of th proposd optimization mthodology is also confirmd by th output of confirmatory tst. Tabl Confirmatory Tst Rsults Optimum paramtric condition obtaind by Taguchi mthod Currnt 450 amprs Voltag 32 volts 28 mm Optimum paramtric condition obtaind by Taguchi mthod Currnt 400 amprs Maximum tnsil strngth obtaind by confirmatory tst 648 MPa Maximum toughnss obtaind by confirmatory tst 93 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.

7 Voltag 30 volts 264 J 35 mm Optimum paramtric condition obtaind by Taguchi mthod Currnt 450 amprs Voltag 28 volts 20 mm IX. CONCLUSIONS Maximum hardnss obtaind by confirmatory tst 84 BHN Th prsnt study was carrid out to study th ffct of procss paramtrs on wld joint quality during submrgd arc wlding of MILD stl. Th procss paramtrs that hav bn considrd for changing ar currnt, voltag and lctrod, wr varid at diffrnt lvls. Th following conclusions hav bn drawn from th study- Wlding currnt was found to b th most significant factor that affcts th tnsil strngth, toughnss and hardnss. Elctrod was found to b most significant factor that affcts toughnss and was th scond most influncing paramtrs aftr currnt. Voltag has last significant ffct on tnsil strngth and toughnss at room tmpratur, but has a littl affct on hardnss and was th last influncing paramtr. X. FUTURE SCOPE. In addition to th prsnt work furthr work can b don in following dirctions: Intrnational Journal Production Rsarch, Volum 3, pp. 7-32, 993. [4] Kshav Prasad, D. K. Dwivdi, Som invstigations on microstructur and mchanical proprtis of submrgd arc wldd HSLA stl joints, Journal of Advancd Manufacturing Tchnology, Volum 36, pp , [5] Ramn Datta, R.Vraraghavan, K. L. Rohiraa. Wldability Charactristic of Torr and Corrosion- Rsistant TMT Bar Using SMAW Procss, Journal of Matrial Enginring and Prformanc, (2009), pp: [6] M. Erglu, M. Aksoy, N. Orhan. Effct of coars initial grain structur on microstructur and mchanical proprtis of wld mtal and HAZ of a low carbon stl, Matrial Scinc and Enginring, A269(999), pp: Vinod Kumar, Narndra Mohan, J.S. Khamba, Dvlopmnt Of Cost Effctiv Agglomratd Fluxs From Wast Flux Dust For Submrgd Arc Wlding, Procding th World Congrss of Enginring, [7] R. Myrs, D. Montgomry, Rspons Surfac Mthodology. Wily, Nw York, 982. [8] R. S. Chandl, H. P. Sow, F. L. Chong, Effct of mtal powdr addition on mchanical proprtis of submrgd arc wlds, Journal of Matrials Scinc Lttrs, Volum 7, pp , 988. Thr ar lot of paramtrs (Currnt, voltag, travl spd, lctrod diamtr, flux composition, lctrod, prhating of flux, dg including angl and prhating of work pic) which can b varid individually to s thir individual ffcts and combining ths paramtrs to s thir combin ffct by xprimntal study & Taguchi mthod. Diffrnt flux can b mad with diffrnt composition and study thir ffct on mchanical proprtis. Modling of submrgd arc wlding procss can b carrid out by using finit lmnt packags. REFERENCES [] Jonathan S. Ogborn, th Lincoln Elctric Company, Wlding, Brazing and Soldring, ASM Handbook, Volum-6, pp , ISBN (V.), 993 [2] A. Patnaik, S. Biswas, S.S. Mahapatra, An volutionary approach to paramtr optimisation of submrgd arc wlding in th hard facing procss, Int. J. Manufacturing Rsarch, Volum 2, pp , [3] E.A. Elsayd, A. Chn, "Optimal lvls of procss paramtrs for products with multipl charactristics", 94 IJREAMV04I DOI : 0.823/ , IJREAM All Rights Rsrvd.