Track Etch Detectors (TED)
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1 Track Etch Detectors (TED) Main features: passive, integrating detectors of charged particles (A,Z 1), insensitive to X-rays, gamma, electrons Principle: 1) radiation induced damage in dielectrics 2) magnification => visualisation = track formation 3) evaluation = track counting, analysing => => information about particles, exposure, detector characteristics...
2 1) radiation induced damage de/dx sensitivity level E latent track nm EM untreated detector
3 Detecting materials: Detected particles: inorganics glass, mica, minerals heavy ions, fission fragments organics polymers (PADC, CN, PC,...) protons, D, T, α, light ions,... Indirectly detected particles neutrons, relativistic ions via transformation in radiators
4 Radiators: Reaction: polyethylene (n,n), (n,n') - recoil protons, C Li, B nat, B enr (n,α) U, Th, Bi (n,f) detector itself (n,p), scattered recoils of C, N, O detector + radiator detector = radiator
5 2) magnification => visualisation processing electrochemical etching latent (ECE) track chemical etching (CE) CE track ECE track nm EM µm OM.1-1 mm OM dtto + HV/HF etching in caustic solutions (NaOH, KOH in water)
6 α α crit V T V B V B = V T *cosα crit V T /V B > 1, α < α crit
7 Pretahnout obrazek No.2 z lonske prezentace ECE detektor, detaily ECE a CE stop
8 ? foto of ECE-device?
9 3) evaluation CE tracks track density - visual counting (optical microscope, JSC, image analysers track analysis - visually (particular tasks), image analysers 500x), ECE tracks track density - visual counting (projective microscope, x, microfiche reader), image analysers
10 Applications: study of nuclear reactions nuclear filters production dating (minerals, meteorites) neutron dosimetry cosmic rays studies radon measurements autoradiography plasma physics...
11 Previous and recent studies a. Study of optimal detector treatment (PADC, partially PC, CN, glass) and characteristics (PADC, energy dependence of neutron registration) b.determination of critical angle and angular dependence of registration efficiency for various particles in PADC c. Measurement of LET spectra around nuclear facilities and at high altitudes (mountains, planes, spacecrafts) d. Measurement of neutron dose induced by cosmic rays at different altitudes. Collaboration NPI/INRNE e. Measurement of neutron dose around high-energy X-ray radiotherapy machines f. Soil gas radon concentration measurements. Collaboration NPI/INRNE
12 b. Determination of critical angle and angular dependence of registration efficiency for various particles in PADC beam CR -39 Al 1.0 registr. efficiency tr/ion Si, example of measurement 0 10 angle 20to normal, 30 deg 40 50
13 registr. efficiency tr/ion relat. response C12 Ne20 Si28 Fe56 Fe/ECE ions all results deg MeV 70 MeV 84 MeV 142 MeV 155 MeV 230 MeV 235 MeV SPE protons all results deg Ions, directly detected 12 C, E = 400 MeV/nucleon 20 Ne, E = 400 MeV/nucleon 28 Si, E = 490 MeV/nucleon 56 Fe, E = 500 MeV/nucleon Protons (E p > 30 MeV) indirectly detected
14 d. Neutron dose induced by cosmic rays at different altitudes PE, φ = 12 inches (30.5 cm) det+b enr +det <= (n,α) => Prague, 300 m: ~ 50 usv/y Klet, 1070 m: ~ 70 usv/y Lomn.St., 2630 m: ~ 300 usv/y Musala, 2925 m: ~ 300 usv/y
15 e. Measurement of neutron dose around high-energy X-ray radiotherapy machines E e > 10 MeV, (e,e'n), (γ,n) Varian Clinac 2100C (15 MeV), 13 Bonner spheres, φ = 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 15 inches, response matrix, deconvolution code, spectra unfolding treatment bed beam 1 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m Position Position H*(10)/D [usv/gy] Total (at treatment dose ~40 Gy) ~ 0.62 msv ~ 0.82 msv
16 f. Soil gas radon concentration measurements 10 cm soil surface 80 cm TLD(BG) CaSO 4 (Dy) 10 cm TED(CZ) PADC soil gas
17 Rn concentration, kbq/m Track detectors Thermoluminescent detectors exposure time, 0 hours 10000
18 7 6 Av, kbqm
19 , ČHMÚ, kbqm -3 1, ODZ, kbqm -3 TLD
20 Nearest tasks: - ECE-device in operational use in INRNE - Development of SW treatment of direct binary picture (digital camera, scanner) without microscope. Introducing into routine, NPI/INRNE. - Continuation of field measurement (radon, cosmic rays) using TED and TLD, NPI/INRNE.
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