Nano and Water Research at the University of Edinburgh

Transcription

1 Nano and Water Research at the University of Edinburgh Dr. Blanca Antizar-Ladislao Institute for Infrastructure and Environment The School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh UK-China Forum on Nanostructures/Nanotechnologies for Water The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, November 2010

2 Outline The University of Edinburgh Overview of Group Research IWA SG Nano and Water: Application of Nanoparticles, Nano-engineered Materials and Nanotechnology Outline

3 The University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering The School of Engineering Institute for Infrastructure and Environment» Environmental Engineering Research Group - Edinburgh Research Partnership Sustainable Water Management Research Group The University of Edinburgh

4 Overview of Group Research Environmental biotechnology (1) bioremediation (2) composting (3) waste to energy, (4) greenhouse gases abatement and carbon capture. Water & Nano Sustainable Development (1) Algae biofuels, (2) local bioenergy systems, (3) water engineering and international development. Environmental Nanotechnology (1) Novel materials (2) Applications (3) Implications Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NP) and surrounding environment with respect to its potential use in: Environmental remediation Drinking water But also in: Related environmental implications

5 Overview of Group Research Environmental biotechnology (1) bioremediation (2) composting (3) waste to energy, (4) greenhouse gases abatement and carbon capture. Water & Nano Sustainable Development (1) Algae biofuels, (2) local bioenergy systems, (3) water engineering and international development. Environmental Nanotechnology (1) Novel materials (2) Applications (3) Implications Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NP) and surrounding environment with respect to its potential use in: Environmental remediation Drinking water But also in: Related environmental implications

6 Overview of Group Research Environmental Remediation The potential of nanoparticles amendment for water remediation: understanding NP-pollutant-NOM interactions One example: 1. Effect of nanoparticles amendment on the attenuation of PAHs in aquatic systems

7 1. Effect of nanoparticles amendment on the attenuation of PAHs in aquatic systems Conceptual model Overview of Group Research Interactions: Nanoparticle <-> Contaminant Nanoparticle <-> NOM Nanoparticle <-> Contaminant <-> NOM Microbial biomass biofilm Desorption Bioavailability Biodegradation Toxicity Single particles Aggr egati on Disag grega tion Aggregates NOM Contaminants Sorption Surface coating Size distribution Fate and behaviour Bioavailability and interaction Toxicity Food chain

8 1. Effect of nanoparticles amendment on the attenuation of PAHs in aquatic systems LnS Overview of Group Research PAH & NOM PAH & NOM & NP LnC LnC LnC Freundlich n = 1.17 K F = 19,686 (mg/kg)(mg/l)n] LnS PAH & NP Freundlich n=1.23 K F =18,924 (mg/kg)(mg/l)n Note: Freundlich model: S eq = K F C eqn, [PAH]= mg/l; [NOM]= 40 mg/l; [NP]= 10mg/l; ph LnS Freundlich n = 0.93 K F = 45,615 (mg/kg)(mg/l)n]

9 Overview of Group Research Environmental biotechnology (1) bioremediation (2) composting (3) waste to energy, (4) greenhouse gases abatement and carbon capture. Water & Nano Sustainable Development (1) Algae biofuels, (2) local bioenergy systems, (3) water engineering and international development. Environmental Nanotechnology (1) Novel materials (2) Applications (3) Implications Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NP) and surrounding environment with respect to its potential use in: Environmental remediation Drinking water But also in: Related environmental implications

10 Drinking water Overview of Group Research The potential of nanoparticles for water disinfection: developing and assessing enhanced photocatalysts. Two examples: 1. Efficacy of titanium dioxide doped with Cu in water disinfection 2. Effectiveness of colloidal titanium dioxide doped with Ag as a filter coating for household level water treatment using ceramic water filters

11 1. Efficacy of titanium dioxide doped with Cu in water disinfection Preparation of catalyst by: Sol gel method wet impregnation method Overview of Group Research 1. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide, deionised water, acid and alcohol 3. At a specific temperature for 2 hours C in an oven overnight 4. Pulverized and went through 75 µm sieves 1. Dopant and TiO 2 P25 mixed for 24 hours C in an oven overnight 2. Washing the powder by filtration, 3 times 4. At C for 2 hours

12 1. Efficacy of titanium dioxide doped with Cu in water disinfection Overview of Group Research Experiments Preparation of catalyst Doping Effect of parameters Test of E-Coli Test of River Water Solar Box Under direct sunlight

13 1. Efficacy of titanium dioxide doped with Cu in water disinfection The decline of E. coli on TiO 2 P25 in different irradiation conditions dark (TiO 2 + Dark) solar box irradiation (TiO 2 + lamp) Container size = 100ml Catalysts dose = 1g/L Overview of Group Research initial E. coli concentration = ~10 8 CFU/ml ph = 6.3 T = 25 C Control was used in solar box without the addition of TiO 2.

14 Overview of Group Research 1. Efficacy of titanium dioxide doped with Cu in water disinfection The decline of E. coli on irradiated Cu doped TiO 2 which prepared from different methods: sol-gel (SGTCu51) and wet impregation(imtcu5). Container size = 100ml Catalysts dose = 1g/L, initial E. coli concentration = ~10 8 CFU/ml, ph = 6.3, T = 25 C. Control was used in solar box the addition of undopedtio 2 P25.

15 2. Effectiveness of colloidal titanium dioxide doped with Ag as a filter coating for household level water treatment using ceramic water filters The Investigating Ceramic Water the efficacy Purifier of (CWP) TiO 2 and was Ag designed doped TiOby 2 Dr. as a Fernando coating for the Mazariegos CWP. Incorporating of the Central low energy, American low Industrial cost solutions Research with locally Institute available (ICAITI) in Guatemala, resources. in Overview of Group Research Colloidal coating: Ag, TiO 2 or Ag doped TiO 2.

16 2. Effectiveness of colloidal titanium dioxide doped with Ag as a filter coating for household level water treatment using ceramic water filters The effect of TiO 2 /Ag/Ag doped TiO 2 on the removal of organic contaminants and pathogens in water in presence of humic substances, using CWP. v Overview of Group Research Pathogens Phenanthrene NOM TiO 2 Ag Ag doped TiO 2 J=(1/A)*(dV/dt) T= C; ph= 7; Leonardite 40 mg l -1 ; Phenanthrene 0.8 mg l -1 ; TiO 2, 10mg l -1 ; Silver, 1.5mg l -1 ; Silver doped TiO 2, 10mg l - 1

17 Overview of Group Research

18 2. Effectiveness of colloidal titanium dioxide doped with Ag as a filter coating for household level water treatment using ceramic water filters The combined effect of colloidal particle coatings with the CWP in the removal of E. coli Sample from top of CWP Sample from CWP permeate Overview of Group Research Geomean (E.coli/ 100 ml) Geomean Limits 95% confidence Time (hours) Geomean Limits 95% confidence Geonmean (E.coli/ 100ml) Geomean Limits 95% confidence Time (hours) Geomean RW RW + TiO2 RW +Ag RW +TiO2/Ag Limits 95% confidence Time RW Lower Upper RW + TiO2 Lower Upper RW +Ag Lower Upper RW +TiO2/Ag Lower Upper 0 0 <1 7 0 <1 7 0 <1 7 0 < <1 7 0 <1 7 0 <1 7 0 < <1 7 0 <1 7 0 <1 7 0 < <1 7 0 <1 7 0 <1 7 0 <1 7

19 Overview of Group Research 2. Effectiveness of colloidal titanium dioxide doped with Ag as a filter coating for household level water treatment using ceramic water filters Effect of Ag doped TiO 2 on the removal of phenanthrene with the CWP Conc mg/ l) River Water Time (hours) Natural Light CWP Permeate (Bottom) X X X Filtrate (Top) X X Permeate Filtrate

20 Overview of Group Research Environmental biotechnology (1) bioremediation (2) composting (3) waste to energy, (4) greenhouse gases abatement and carbon capture. Water & Nano Sustainable Development (1) Algae biofuels, (2) local bioenergy systems, (3) water engineering and international development. Environmental Nanotechnology (1) Novel materials (2) Applications (3) Implications Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NP) and surrounding environment with respect to its potential use in: Environmental remediation Drinking water But also in: Related environmental implications

21 Environmental implications The potential impact of nanoparticles on natural bacterial assemblages in aquatic systems. Overview of Group Research One example: 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions

22 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Experiments The effect of TiO 2 and doped TiO 2 on natural bacterial assemblages in aquatic systems Overview of Group Research Water collected from the River Almond, Edinburgh (UK) during April-September 2010 Colloidal particles: TiO 2 (Sigma-Aldrich), TiO 2 (commercial), Ag-TiO 2 (commercial), Pt-TiO 2 (commercial) Concentration: 0, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/l Salinity: river water, and increased salinity to 5, 15, 25, 35

23 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Effect of nanoparticles in river water 3.E+03 0 mg/l TiO 2 (Sigma) Commercial TiO 2 3.E+03 CFUs/ml 2.E+03 1.E+03 5 mg/l 10 mg/l 50 mg/l CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+03 1.E+03 Overview of Group Research CFUs/ml CFUs 0.E+00 0.E Time (days) Time (days) 3.E+03 Commercial Ag-TiO 2 Commercial Pt-TiO 2 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E Time (days) CFUs/ml CFUs 3.E+03 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E Time (days)

24 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Effect of nanoparticles in river water at different salinities TiO 2 (Sigma-Aldrich) 3.E+03 0 mg/l 3.E+03 3.E+06 Overview of Group Research CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E+00 5 mg/l 10 mg/l 50 mg/l Time (days) CFUs/ml 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E Time (hours) CFUs/ml 2.E+06 1.E+06 0.E Time (days) River water 5 25

25 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Effect of nanoparticles in river water at different salinities TiO 2 (commercial) 3.E+03 1.E+05 3.E+06 Overview of Group Research CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E Time (days) CFUs/ml 5.E+04 CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+06 1.E+06 0.E+00 0.E Time (days) Time (days) River water 5 25

26 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Effect of nanoparticles in river water at different salinities Commercial Ag-TiO 2 3.E+03 1.E+04 3.E+06 Overview of Group Research CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E Time (days) CFUs CFUs/ml 5.E+03 CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+06 1.E+06 0.E+00 0.E Time (days) Time (days) River water 5 25

27 1. Effect of type and dose of commercial nanoparticles in aquatic systems under contrasting environmental conditions. Effect of nanoparticles in river water at different salinities Commercial Pt-TiO 2 3.E+03 1.E+04 3.E+06 Overview of Group Research CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+03 1.E+03 0.E+00 CFUs/ml CFUs 5.E+03 0.E+00 0.E Time (days) Time (days) Time (days) River water 5 25 CFUs/ml CFUs 2.E+06 1.E+06

28 IWA SG Nano and Water: Application of Nanoparticles, Nano-engineered Materials and Nanotechnology IWA Specialist Group: Nano and Water Management committee Members Group establishe d in 2008 in Vienna

29 IWA SG Nano and Water: Application of Nanoparticles, Nano-engineered Materials and Nanotechnology IWA Specialist Group: Nano and Water Management committee Jan Hofman (chair) KWR Ralf Kaegi (vice-chair) EAWAG Blanca Antizar (secretary) U. Edinburgh Jo Burgess (newsletter editor) WRC Christian Kazner U. Aachen Darren Sun NTU In Kim GIST Mark Wiesner Duke U. Pedro Alvarez Rice U.

30 Nano and Water Conference in Switzerland (May 15-17, 2011) Act Abstract submission: November 15 th 2010 IWA Specialist Group: Nano and Water

31 Acknowledgements Miriam Hansen Majeda Khraisheh Ana Vieira Colin Wu Univerisity of Edinburgh Qatar University Univerisity of Edinburgh UCL Acknowledgements

32 (Est. 1583) The University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh Ranks in the World 22, Europe 5 and the UK top 5 24,000 students 4,000 research students School of Engineering 3rd in the UK (RAE 2008) for research quality and quantity Global Networks Russell Group Coimbra Group LERU Universitas 21

33 The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Global Partnerships Asia Collaborations with: Peking University (China) University of Hong Kong National University of Singapore National University of Taiwan Korea University Waseda University (Japan) Confucius Institute for Scotland Fudan University, Shanghai Universitas 21: Peking, Fudan and Hong Kong Universities Exchange links: Fudan University, China Hangzhou Normal University, China Nanyang Technical University, China National Taiwan Normal University Hong Kong University Korea University National University of Singapore

34 Three Colleges College of Humanities and Social Science College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine College of Science and Engineering Seven federated Schools Biological Sciences Chemistry Engineering The University of Edinburgh Geosciences Mathematics Informatics Physics & Astronomy