European Partitioning & transmutation Projects: Strategy and status

Transcription

1 European Partitioning & transmutation Projects: Strategy and status and the European Nuclear Chemistry Community

2 Potential Future Fuel Cycles DISSOLUTION Specific Reprocessing SEPARATION SEPARATION U, Pu MA CONVERSION, FABRICATION DISSOLUTION IRRADIATION ADS FNR PAGE 2

3 Potential Future Fuel Cycles The different options Fast Reactors Dedicated Systems (ADS) U T U Pu AM MA bearing fuel FP U MA U Pu T FP MA bearing blankets U U Pu FP T MA, Pu MA transmutation targets MA concentration <5%, diluted in fuel in the whole core Moderated core blanket in periphery of the core with MA content ~10-20% Dedicated targets with TRU content up to 50% MOX, Carbide, Nitride, Metal, Molten Salt* MOX, Carbide, Nitride, Metal, CERCER, CERMET CERCER, CERMET * Not developped in this presentation PAGE 3

4 Actinide Chemistry for Fuel Cycles in Europe Basic Research Education and Training Separation Conversion Dissolution Fabrication Education and Training In Nuclear Chemistry Irradiation

5 PAGE 5

6 Prof Jan JOHN CTU, Czech Republic COOPERATION IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY PAGE 6

7 Organization of the work These main pillars are supported by two cross-cutting activities: Vision, Sustainability and Nuclear Awareness PAGE 7

8 Outputs PAGE 8

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10 Dr Stéphane BOURG CEA, France AN EDUCATION AND TRAINING NETWORK IN ACTINIDE SCIENCES Actinides chemistry for separation Actinides in the geological environment Total budget 5,5M EC Grant 4M Actinide materials PAGE 10

11 4 pillars of the network Training and Education maintain and increase the skills on actinide sciences in Europe. Summer Schools, Travel Grants Improving the offer developing new relevant instrumentations or data of common interest for the Community through Joint Research Activities. Networking between pooled facilities Integrate and structure better the way these infrastructures operate Foster their joint development in terms of capacity and performance, Transnational Access support and manage a program of access for training and associated research projects making use of the pooled facilities on the following topics: PAGE 11

12 Pooled Facilities PAGE 12

13 The Joint Research Projects (JRP) 66 JJRPs selected for funding in ACTINET-I3 Already 47 selected after 3 TALISMAN calls 1500 days of access in ACTINET-I3, about 1000 already granted in TALISMAN. More than 70% of young researchers About 30 universities or institutes from 13 countries Christopher Green, PhD, at ATALANTE Daniel Creen, PhD, at PSI Jennifer Rochford, PhD, at ITU Daniel Whittaker, PhD at KIT PAGE 13

14 The Schools 2013 Summer School JRC-ITU, July 2013, 46 participants,17 countries 16 lectures, demonstrations at ITU and INE-KIT Basic Actinide Science, The Nuclear Fuel Cycle as well as Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Forensics Summer School CEA Marcoule, June 2014, 51 participants, 14 countries 10 courses, 2 lectures, 3 demonstrations Actinide chemistry for future fuel cycles PAGE 14

15 Theoretical Userlab (ThuL) schools the focus is on actinide chemistry with respect to nuclear waste and a joint effort from theory and experiment to tackle the challenges in this research area Molecules, Solid phase, Fuel and Partitioning Exercises on ADF, MOLCAS, CP2K and FEFF Lab Tour, poster session 2013 ThuL school KIT, Karlsruhe. 55 attendees 2014 ThuL school KIT, Karlsruhe. 34 attendees PAGE 15

16 Plenary Meetings Gather Users and Pooled facility people for networking Focus on the capabilities of the pooled facilities and the excellence of the research carried out in actinide sciences June attendees PAGE 16

17 T&E Financial support for attending international conferences to international conferences (in ACTINET-I3) 7 students granted from Germany,Finland and Spain 12 students granted from Australia, China, India, Japan, Russia, UK and USA ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN ACTINIDE SPECTROSCOPY (ATAS 2012) 8 young academics received a travel grant Directly to students in TALISMAN Between 10 to 12 students granted per year In 2014: ANS, ISEC, RADCHEM, JDA, MRS, AnXAS, Pu-Future PAGE 17

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19 Prof Christian EKBERG Chalmers, Sweden PAGE 19

20 Oxide Fuels Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF) AnO x in Mo or MgO matrix Dissolution Matrix dissolution Influence of An content on dissolution PAGE 20

21 Oxide Fuels Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF) AnO x in Mo or MgO matrix Compatibility w/ PUREX and downstream processes Matrix separation To avoid largely increased HLW volume To recycle isotopically tailored Mo Matrix decontamination PAGE 21

22 Oxide Fuels Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF) AnO x in Mo or MgO matrix Co-conversion of separated An into oxide fuel precursors PAGE 22

23 Nitride Fuels Fabrication and dissolution of (mixed) An nitrides ZrN stabilised compounds 15 N enriched nitrogen To avoid 14 C production Losses (fabrication and dissolution) to be minimised Development of 15 N enrichment method Compatible w/ industrial scale operation PAGE 23

24 Carbide Fuels Dissolution in HNO 3 organic compounds Interfere with separation processes Fate of iodine? Oxidative treatment AnC AnO x standard dissolution & separation Pyrophoricity of carbide materials Minimising fuel swelling & FCMI PAGE 24

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26 SACSESS Consortium 26 Partners Budget 10,5 M Grant 5,55 M UK - NNL UEDIN UReading UNIMAN UNILANC UNILEEDS Twente Chalmers KIT-INE JULICH JRC - ITU Collaboration Agreement with DOE ROSATOM CEA CNRS UDS LGI IRSN ICHTJ CRIEPI NRI CTU IIC PSI CIEMAT ENEA PoliMi UNIPR PAGE 26

27 SACSESS addresses the various MA separation processes An(III) + Ln(III) - coextraction (DIAMEX) U,Np, Pu,Am, Cm COEX An(III)/Ln(III) separation (r-sanex) U U,Pu Am Cm U Product UPu Product U GANEX 1 GANEX 2 An(III) selective Stripping (i-sanex) Am,Cm Am Cm U U Pu MA T FP Pu Np Am Cm Homogeneous recycling = grouped separation GANEX Am selective Stripping (EXAm) Am Heterogeneous recycling = enhanced partitioning DIAMEX/SANEX Am U MA U Pu T FP PAGE 27

28 The tools: Safety Case Studies Global Safety Perform safety analyses on hydro and pyro processes to determine weaknesses in their safety and drive experimental programmes of the future to optimise against these issues Do this by developing tools that use tools and techniques from the partner nations Deploy them with the help of experts in aqueous and pyro reprocessing The methodology is now established, based on HAZOP approach (April 2014) Safety case studies was performed in a dedicated workshop (September 2014)

29 Aqueous separation PAGE 29

30 How to Continue? Focus on safe process implementation Reference processes r-sanex i-sanex EURO-GANEX Am-only extraction Reference molecules Plus back-up molecules Topics Chemistry issues Process issues Process operation safety MA handling safety New in ATALANTE 2016 Montpellier 5 10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain an overview

31 Work Plan 1. Chemistry issues Reference compound Alternative TODGA TWE21 CyMe 4 - BTBP CyMe 4 - BTPhen CA-BTP Hydro- BTP Pytritetraol HEDTA DTPA Radiolytic/hydrolytic stability done done TBD* n/a** Identification of degradation products done TBD TBD* n/a** Impact of degradation products TBD TBD TBD* n/a** Clean-up of solvent or An strip phase TBD TBD TBD* n/a** Downstream effects TBD TBD TBD? 2. Process issues Loading partly done partly done TBD? Physico-chemical stability (3 rd phase, precipitation) partly done TBD TBD? Transfer kinetics partly done done TBD done? Losses to second phase partly done TBD TBD?

32 Work Plan 3. Process operation safety Chemical systems modelling Physico-chemical equilibrium and kinetic modelling Microscopic and mesoscopic models Radiolysis modelling Understand and predict degradation Mass transfer modelling Input for flow-sheet modelling Flow-sheet modelling ACSEPT 1c-SANEX and/or GANEX test On-line monitoring Metal ions Acid ATALANTE 2016 Montpellier 5 10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain an overview

33 Work Plan 4. MA handling safety New! Cm, no long-term contribution To be separated upstream Optimisation of chemical systems System(s) selection Thermodynamic and kinetic data Degradation U, Np, Pu Ln Am, Cm FP Am Cm Ln FP Am, Cm Ln U, Np, Pu Am, Cm Am Am(III) and Cm(III) activity coefficients Required for accurate modelling FP Ln Cm Flow-sheet development Continuous counter-current test Spiked and hot CCCC tests U, Np, Pu Ln Am, Cm FP Am Cm Ln FP U, Np, Pu Am Cm, FP, Ln ATALANTE 2016 Montpellier 5 10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain an overview

34 Work Plan Collaboration MoU drafted Areas of technical cooperation defined Radiolytic stability Am chemistry Kinetics Modelling Training & education SACSESS Kick-Off Meeting, March 2013, Avignon, France ATALANTE 2016 Montpellier 5 10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain an overview

35 Pyrochemistry PAGE 35

36 Pyro Reprocessing Studies Assess parameters impacting chemical safety Actinides in chloride and in fluoride systems Electrochemical behaviour Solubility, volatility, viscosity, heat capacity, influence of oxygen ingress experiments and modelling molecular dynamics and thermodynamic approach development of on-line monitoring important for a process implementation concern both safety and safeguards issues PAGE 36

37 Pyro Reprocessing Studies Assess safety issues related to metallic fuel treatment complete recovery of An from the salt after electrorefining Study efficiency and feasibility under different conditions using optimised set-up Validation of different process steps demonstration experiments involving irradiated metallic alloy fuel PAGE 37

38 Pyro Reprocessing Studies Assess safety issues related to refractory oxide fuel treatment Aims complete recovery of the actinides from CERCER and CERMET fuels recycling of Mo from CERMET fuel Optimization of the conversion and separation procedures Towards demonstration experiments involving the non-irradiated fuel material studied processes: head-end steps - direct electroreduction, separation processes electrorefining and liquid-liquid reductive extraction PAGE 38

39 Pyro Reprocessing Studies Assess safety issues related to pyrochemical process waste treatment safe treatment and conditioning for ultimate disposal Key issues as identified in ACSEPT management of Cs and Sr, immobilisation of salt-containing waste streams impact of ADS target matrix materials on the waste SYNTHESIS OF SAP MATRIX PAGE 39

40 Communication, Dissemination, Education and Training Winter schools Uranium Workshop in Preston (UK) 7-8 April 2014 Plutonium Workshop in Chalmers (SE), 4-8 May 2015 Student Exchange activities Short students presentations PAGE 40

41 A lot of efficient and fruitful collaborations PAGE 41

42 SACSESS International Workshop April 2015, Warsaw, Poland PAGE 42

43 SACSESS International Workshop April 2015, Warsaw, Poland 23 juin 2016 PAGE 43

44 Thank you very much for your attention Kick-Off Meeting, March 20th, 2013, Avignon, France PAGE 44