Explain the role of glucagon and insulin in blood glucose regulation Which organs are involved in water balance in the body

Transcription

1 Key Stage 4 Subject: Separate Biology Half 5. Homeostasis 6. Inheritance, variation and evolution Week 3 Negative feedback (HT) Week.4 Control of plant growth, use of plant hormones (HT) Week 5 sexual and asexual reproduction and meiosis, Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction Week 6 DNA & the genome, DNA structure Week 7 Genetic inheritance & genetic disorders Week 8 variation & sex determination HALF TERM Week 9 evolution & theory of evolution, evidence for evolution Week 10 selective breeding and GM Week 11 fossils & extinction Week 12 MOCKS Week 13 resistant bacteria & classification Week 14 communities, biotic, abiotic Week 15 Adaptation Grade C Grade A What is the job of the endocrine system In addition to the grade C criteria: Why and how do we control blood glucose levels Explain the role of glucagon and insulin in blood glucose regulation Which organs are involved in water balance in the body Explain how Urea is produced from excess protein in the diet How does the kidney work Explain the role of ADH in water balance How does dialysis work Explain the interractions of hormones, FSH, Explain how puberty is controlled by hormones oestrogen and LH in control of the menstrual cycle List FSH, oestrogen and LH as hormones involved in fertility Explain how hormones can be used to treat infertility List types of contraception Explain negative feedback, making reference to Explain sexual and asexual reproduction adrenaline and thyroxine. Know how meiosis leads to differences in offspring Termly assessments

2 Key Stage 4 Subject: Separate Biology 7. Ecology Week 16 Cycling & decomposition Week 17 Impact of environmental change & biodiversity Week 18 waste management, land use & deforestation Week 19 global warming & maintaining biodiversity Week 20 trophic levels Week 21 Pyramids of biomass & transfer of biomass HALF TERM Week 22 Food security Week.23 Farming techniques Week 24 sustainable fisheries Week 25 role of biotechnology Week 26 TEST Grade C Know meaning of Biodiversity List impacts on biodiversity Know importance of waste management, land use and deforeststion on biodiversity Draw pyramids of biomass List threats to food security List farming techniques List methods of maintaining sustainable fisheries Half Grade A In addition to the grade C criteria: Evaluate methods that ensure the security of food supplies Evaluate methods to maintain sustainable fisheries Know impacts of biotechnology. Termly assessments

3 Key Stage 4 Subject: Separate Biology 7. Ecology Week 27 Review Week 28 Review Week 29 Review Week 30 Review Week 31 Review Week 32 Review Half HALF TERM Termly assessments

4 Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Biology 5. Homeostasis and response 6. Inheritance, variation and evolution Half term: 30 st October Mocks week beginning 28 th November Week 3 Blood glucose (glucagon & negative feedback HT) Week.4 puberty Week 5 role of FSH, oestrogen & LH Week 6 Contraception Week 7 infertility (HT) HALF TERM Week 8 Thyroxine & adrenaline negative feedback (HT) Week 9 Sexual reproduction & asexual reproduction, Meiosis Week 10 MOCKS Week 11 MOCKS Week 12 X & Y, DNA Week 13 genetics Week 14 inherited disorders Grade C What is the job of the endocrine system Why and how do we control blood glucose levels Which organs are involved in water balance in the body How does the kidney work How does dialysis work Explain how puberty is controlled by hormones List FSH, oestrogen and LH as hormones involved in fertility List types of contraception Explain sexual and asexual reproduction Know how meiosis leads to differences in offspring Grade A In addition to the grade C criteria: Explain the role of glucagon and insulin in blood glucose regulation Explain how Urea is produced from excess protein in the diet Explain the role of ADH in water balance Explain the interractions of hormones, FSH, oestrogen and LH in control of the menstrual cycle Explain how hormones can be used to treat infertility Explain negative feedback, making reference to adrenaline and thyroxine. Termly assessments

5 Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Biology 6. Inheritance, variation and evolution 7. Ecology Half Week 15 Genetic engineering Week 16 Variation & selective breeding Week 17 Natural selection, extinction & fossils Week 18 practical 7 sampling Week 19 Classification Competition & sampling HALF TERM Week 20 resistant bacteria Week 21 Feeding relationships & decomposition Week 22 biodiversity & waste Week.23 PPE week Week 24 Land use, deforestation and global warming Grade C Grade A Describe the structure of DNA In addition to the grade C criteria: Explain how DNA codes for a protein Explain how GM is achieved using enzymes and Explain the words allele, genotype, vectors dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous Use Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection to explain an unfamiliar change in a Fill in a punnett square to show inheritance species Predict the result of crosses to produce the genetic disorders cystic fibrosis and polydactyly Evaluate the evidence for Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection Describe what GM is. List the causes of variation in organisms. Explain what selective breeding is and how it is achieved Describe Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection Explain the causes of extinction Termly assessments

6 Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Biology 7. Ecology Week 25 review Week 26 review Week 27 review Week 28 review Week 29 review Week 30 review Half HALF TERM Week 33 review Grade C Grade A Explain the binomial system of All of grade C; plus classification Evaluate sampling techniques Describe how to lay down a transect Explain how nutrients are cycled in an ecosystem Explain the advantages of random sampling Describe the effects of increasing prey populations on predators Describe how carbon is cycled in ecosystems Explain why humans must manage waste carefully Explain how deforestation could affect the climate List ways to maintain biodiversity Termly assessments

7 Key Stage 4 Subject: Chemistry Calculations, chemical analysis and electrolysis Week 1 Intro Week 2 Bonding Week 3 Bonding and properties Week 4 Using numbers in the periodic table Week 5 Calculating Moles Week 6 Using moles to solve problems Week 7 Empirical formula Week 8 Titration calculations Half HALF TERM Week 9 Gas Calculations Week 10 Chemical analysis Week 11 Chemical analysis Week 12 Chemical analysis Week 13 Electrolysis of molten compounds Week 14 Electrolysis of solutions Week 15 Redox equations Grade 5 Grade 8 Understand the use of a multiplier in equations Calculate the masses of substances shown in a balanced in normal script before a formula and in symbol equation. subscript within a formula. Calculate the masses of reactants and products from the Describe how atoms cannot be created or balanced symbol equation. destroyed in a chemical reaction Use Avogadro s number to calculate the number of State that mass is conserved in a chemical atoms of a certain substance in a given mass. reaction Use molecular mass to work out the number of moles of Calculate the relative formula mass of a a certain substance present in a certain mass. compound from the relative atomic masses of Change the subject of a mathematical equation. the elements it is made from. Explain the effect of a Limiting reactant on the amount Calculate the percentage of an element in a of product produced in a reaction. compounds from its formula. Explain how the mass of a solute and the volume of a Describe what balanced symbol equations tell solution is related to the concentration of the solution. us about a chemical reaction. Calculate the mass of a solute and the volume of a Describe the method for chromatography and solution of known concentration in terms of mass per state how it is used. given volume of solution. Describe the method for crystalisation and state Describe what the yield of a reaction is and what factors how it is used. affect it. Describe the method for distillation and state Explain why a high yield is important in industry. how it is used. Calculate the empirical formula of a compound from its Describe the method for filtration and state percentage composition. how it is used. Balance the symbol equations to calculate the masses of Describe the method for chromatography and the reactants and products. state how it is used. Calculate the percentage yield of a chemical reaction Explain what happens to the particles when a from the actual yield of product. solid changes to a liquid and to a gas, from a gas Calculate the atom economy of a reaction to form a to a liquid and back to a solid. desired product from the balanced equation.

8 State the test for oxygen State the test for hydrogen State the test for chlorine State the test for carbon dioxide Describe how to identify metal ions using flame and chemical tests. Identify metal ions based on the results from flame and chemical tests. Identify halides, carbonates and sulphates using chemical tests. Describe the test used to identify halides, carbonates and sulphates. Describe how to complete a titration and what you would observe during the reaction. Outline the uses of analytical chemistry. Interpret results from secondary data to draw conclusions about forensic science or environmental chemistry. Describe what balanced symbol equations tell us about a chemical reaction. Describe what the yield of a reaction is and what factors affect it. Explain why a high yield is important in industry. State what a reversible reaction is and how it can be represented in an equation. Describe how we can detect artificial food colourings in a lab. Describe how gas chromatography can be used to separate compounds in a sample mixture. Describe how a mass spectrometer is used to identify compounds in a sample. Outline the basic reaction that takes place in a hydrogen fuel cell. Describe how Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis Represent the electrolysis of NaCl solution, CuCl2 solution and water. Represent the electrolysis of liquid PbBr 2, Explain why a particular reaction pathway is chosen to produce a specified product given appropriate data such as atom economy, yield, rate, equilibrium position and usefulness of the by products. Describe how to carry out titrations using strong acids and strong alkalis. Calculate the chemical quantities in titrations involving concentrations in mol/dm 3 and in g/dm 3 Explain how the concentration of a solution in mol/dm 3 is related to the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution. Calculate the volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure from its mass and relative formula mass. Calculate the volumes of gaseous reactants and products from a balanced equation and a given volume of a gaseous reactant or product. Calculate the number of moles of an acid found in a certain volume of the acid. Use a balanced chemical equation to identify the number of moles of acid that reacts with an alkali. Use the number of moles of acid and the molecular mass of the alkali to calculate the concentration of the unknown alkaline solution. Use similar calculation processes to find other unknown values. Describe how flames tests are done and how the light can be analysed. Flame emission spectroscopy State the test for the following ions: Li, Na, K, Ca, Cu State the test for carbonates in solution State the test for chlorides, bromides and iodides and explain why acid is added at the start. State the test for sulfates and explain why acid is added at the start. State the test for metal ions using sodium hydroxide solution for the following ions: Al, Ca, Mg, Cu, FeII, FeIII Write simple half equations for Redox reactions. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electrolysis of brine. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electrolysis of acidified water. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electroplating. Describe how an electric cell is set up. Explain the reactions in a cell using the concepts of oxidation and reduction. Write and deduce half equations for the half cells reactions within a cell. Outline the structure of a Fuel cell and explain how it works. Calculate the reacting volumes of acids and alkalis in simple titrations. Required practical 2 Describe how we can detect artificial food colourings in a lab. Describe how gas chromatography can be used to separate compounds in a sample mixture. Describe how a mass spectrometer is used to identify compounds in a sample.

9 Termly assessments Mock exam week 20 th November Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am Key Stage 4 Subject: Chemistry Using resources and sustainability Half Week 16 Electrolysis of compounds to extract elements Week 17 Using resources Metals Week 18 Using resources ceramics and polymers Week 19 Using resources water Week 20 Using resources fertilisers Week 21 Using resources overview HALF TERM Week 22 Atmosphere review Week 23 Rates review Week 24 Energy review Week 25 Calculations review Week 26 Bonding review Grade 5 Grade 8 Describe the meaning of finite and renewable Outline the meaning of phytomining and bioleaching. resources and give examples of each one. Describe why phytomining is used instead of normal Explain the importance of recycling. metal extraction. Outline how metals and glass are recycled. describe how to extract copper by smelting Outline the stages in life cycle assessment. explain why low grade ores are now being exploited Carry out simple life cycle assessment of plastic explain two methods for extracting copper from lowgrade ores bags. Describe water treatment processes with O 3, define an alloy and give an example Cl 2, UV light. list an advantage and a disadvantage of exploiting metal Outline the different stages in water treatment. ores and list reasons for the importance of recycling Describe the desalination process in terms of metals reverse osmosis. Write a balanced equation to show the reduction of a Describe the difference between Potable and metal oxide

10 pure water. Describe the stages in Sewage treatment and explain why they are used. Describe how water is treated to make it safe to drink. Required practical distillation of salt solution. Give examples of different types of steels, and how their properties differ Explain why the extraction of aluminium and titanium is costly Evaluate the different methods of copper extraction Explain why alloys are often more useful than a pure metal Explain the benefits, in terms of social, economic and environmental, of exploiting metal ores Explain the benefits, in terms of social, economic and environmental, of recycling metals. Explain how corrosion occurs and how is can be prevented. Describe how an alloy is made. Give examples of alloys and how their properties link to their uses. Explain why steels used instead of Iron. Describe how glass and pottery is made. Outline all the factors that can change the properties of a polymer. State the conditions needed to make a high and a low density polyethylene. Describe the difference in properties and uses of thermosetting and thermos softening polymers. State the meaning of Nanoscience. Outline potential benefits and risks associated with nanoscience. list some uses of polymer products give an example of a polymer that has been designed for a specific job state a definition of biodegradable give an example of how a plastic can be made biodegradable explain some of the problems arising from plastic disposal Termly assessments Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am

11 Key Stage 4 Subject: Chemistry Half Week 27 Mock exam Week 28 Exam feedback and practice papers Week 29 Mock exam Week 30 Exam feedback and practice papers Week 31 Paper 1 external exam Week 32 Practice papers HALF TERM Termly assessments Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am

12 Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Chemistry Energy, calculations, and chemical changes Week 1 Intro Week 2 Energy changes Exo and endothermic reactions Week 3 Energy changes Measuring heat changes Week 4 Electrolysis of molten substances Week 5 Electrolysis of solutions Week 6 Electrolysis extracting metals Week 7 Quantitative chemistry Mass and Mr Week 8 Quantitative chemistry Moles and equations Half HALF TERM Week 9 Quantitative chemistry Reacting masses Week 10 Quantitative chemistry Solutions Week 11 Chemical changes Metal reactivity Week 12 Chemical changes Metal extraction Week 13 Chemical changes Acid reactions Week 14 Chemical changes Making salts Week 15 Chemical changes Neutralisation Grade 5 Grade 8 State the meaning of an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. Describe a method to measure the energy transferred in a chemical reaction. Outline the energy changes in a reversible reaction and the difference between the forward and backward reactions. Suggest uses for endo and exothermic reactions. Explain the meaning of Activation energy. Explain how this can affect a chemical reaction. Outline how catalysts alter the activation energy. Describe how we can measure the amount of energy found in 1 gram of fuel. Calculate the number of Joules in 1 gram of fuel based on the experiment. Describe how we can measure the amount of energy changed during a chemical reaction between 2 solutions. Draw energy level diagrams for reactions and describe what they show us. Identify the energy changes that take place when bonds are broken or made. Identify the effect a catalyst has on the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Identify the number of bonds broken and bonds made in a chemical reaction. Calculate the energy change when a specific number of moles of a chemical reacts based on the bond energies of the atoms and the number of bonds broken. Calculate the energy change when a specific number of moles of a chemical is formed based on the bond energies of the atoms and the number of bonds made. Combine the results of bonds broken and bonds made to work out the total energy change taking place during a chemical reaction. Represent this information as an energy diagram. Write simple half equations for Redox reactions. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electrolysis of brine. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electrolysis of acidified water. Represent the reactions at both the cathode and the anode during electroplating. Calculate the masses of substances shown in a balanced symbol equation. Calculate the masses of reactants and products from the balanced symbol equation. Use Avogadro s number to calculate the number of atoms of a certain substance in a given mass. Use molecular mass to work out the number of moles of a

13 Outline the basic reaction that takes place in a hydrogen fuel cell. Describe how Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis Represent the electrolysis of NaCl solution, CuCl2 solution and water. Represent the electrolysis of liquid PbBr 2, Understand the use of a multiplier in equations in normal script before a formula and in subscript within a formula. Describe how atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction State that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction Calculate the relative formula mass of a compound from the relative atomic masses of the elements it is made from. Calculate the percentage of an element in a compounds from its formula. Describe what balanced symbol equations tell us about a chemical reaction. State how metals react with water. Explain why hydrogen and carbon are included in the reactivity series. relate the use of carbon in metal extraction to the reactivity of a metal Explain metal extraction using the terms reduction and oxidation. state that iron oxide is reduced to form iron in a blast furnace using carbon State the meaning of Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen. Identify the materials that are oxidised and reduced in a chemical reaction. list the properties of iron produced from the blast furnace Know that H+ is an acid and OH is an alkali. Explain the difference between a base and an alkali State the products of reactions between metals, alkalis and bases with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Describe how you could make a soluble and insoluble salt from reactants. ph and neutralisation related to H+ and OHconcentrations State the products of complete and incomplete combustion and describe the problems with the production of carbon monoxide. Complete a word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (limestone) certain substance present in a certain mass. Change the subject of a mathematical equation. Explain the test for carbon dioxide using equations Explain why farmers may choose to use calcium hydroxide on their fields Explain how reactivity of metals and non metals can affect the products of an electrolytic reaction. Describe the difference between a strong and a weak acid. Describe oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons.

14 Termly assessments Mock exam week 20 th November Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Chemistry Chemical analysis and using resources Half Week 16 Chemical changes Making different salts Week 17 Chemical analysis Formulations + Chromatography Week 18 Chemical analysis Testing for gases Week 19 P Chemical analysis Metal ion tests Week 20 Chemical analysis Non metal ions tests Week 21 Resources Water HALF TERM Week 22 Resources Metal corrosion Week 23 Resources Life cycle analysis Week 24 Resources Recycling and sustainability Week 25 Rates and equilibria Factors affecting rate Week 26 Rates and equilibria Factors affecting reversible reactions Grade 5 Grade 8 Describe the method for chromatography and Calculate the number of moles of an acid found in a state how it is used. certain volume of the acid. Describe the method for crystalisation and state Use a balanced chemical equation to identify the number how it is used. of moles of acid that reacts with an alkali. Describe the method for distillation and state Use the number of moles of acid and the molecular mass how it is used. of the alkali to calculate the concentration of the Describe the method for filtration and state unknown alkaline solution. how it is used. Use similar calculation processes to find other unknown Describe the method for chromatography and values. state how it is used. Outline the meaning of phytomining and bioleaching. Explain what happens to the particles when a Describe why phytomining is used instead of normal solid changes to a liquid and to a gas, from a gas metal extraction. to a liquid and back to a solid. describe how to extract copper by smelting State the test for oxygen explain why low grade ores are now being exploited State the test for hydrogen explain two methods for extracting copper from lowgrade ores State the test for chlorine State the test for carbon dioxide define an alloy and give an example Describe how to identify metal ions using flame list an advantage and a disadvantage of exploiting metal and chemical tests. ores and list reasons for the importance of recycling Identify metal ions based on the results from metals

15 flame and chemical tests. Identify halides, carbonates and sulphates using chemical tests. Describe the test used to identify halides, carbonates and sulphates. Describe how to complete a titration and what you would observe during the reaction. Outline the uses of analytical chemistry. Interpret results from secondary data to draw conclusions about forensic science or environmental chemistry. Describe what balanced symbol equations tell us about a chemical reaction. Describe what the yield of a reaction is and what factors affect it. Explain why a high yield is important in industry. State what a reversible reaction is and how it can be represented in an equation. Describe how we can detect artificial food colourings in a lab. Describe how gas chromatography can be used to separate compounds in a sample mixture. Describe how a mass spectrometer is used to identify compounds in a sample. State how ammonia is important to industry and agriculture. Outline the reaction and conditions needed to make ammonia without wasting any of the raw materials. Write a balanced equation to show the reduction of a metal oxide Give examples of different types of steels, and how their properties differ Explain why the extraction of aluminium and titanium is costly Evaluate the different methods of copper extraction Explain why alloys are often more useful than a pure metal Explain the benefits, in terms of social, economic and environmental, of exploiting metal ores Explain the benefits, in terms of social, economic and environmental, of recycling metals. Relate reversible reactions to endo and exothermic reactions. State what is meant by the term Equilibrium State and apply the rules of Le Chatelier s principal to equilibrium systems. Describe what happens to the concentrations of the reactants and the products during a reversible reaction at equilibrium. Suggest how by altering the concentrations of reactants or products, you can influence the amount of product made from a specific reaction. Suggest how by altering the pressure, you can influence the amount of product made from a specific reaction involving gases. Suggest how by altering the temperature, you can influence the amount of product made from a specific reaction involving gases. Describe and explain why one direction of a reversible reaction will be favoured under different conditions. Explain why a compromise temperature is used when making ammonia. Explain why a compromise pressure is used when making ammonia. Explain the effect of a catalyst on a reversible reaction and why one is used to make ammonia. Termly assessments Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am

16 Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy (Combined Science) Chemistry Half Week 27 Review bonding and atoms Week 28 Review energy and calculations Week 29 Review atmosphere and chemical changes Week 30 Review rates and chemical analysis Week 31 Paper 1 external exam Week 32 Past paper practice HALF TERM Termly assessments Exam dates: Paper 1 17 th May am Paper 2 13 th June am

17 Key Stage 4 Subject: Physics 5. Forces 6. Waves and Light Half Forces and acceleration Investigating the acceleration of an object Newton s third law Momentum Keeping safe on the road Moments Levers and gears Pressure in a fluid Atmospheric pressure Forces and energy in springs Investigate the relationship between force and the extension of a spring Forces and acceleration Describing waves Transverse and longitudinal waves Transferring energy or information by waves Measuring wave speeds Measuring the wavelength, frequency and speed of waves in a ripple tank and waves in a solid Reflection and refraction of waves Investigate the reflection of light by different types of surface and the refraction of light by different substances Sound waves Exploring ultrasound Seismic waves Grade 5 Grade 8 Explain what happens to the motion of an object when the resultant force is not zero. Analyse situations in which a non zero resultant force is acting. Explain what inertia is. Plan an investigation to explore an idea. Analysing results to identify patterns and draw conclusions. Compare results with scientific theory. Identify force pairs. Understand and be able to apply Newton s third law Explain what is meant by momentum. Apply ideas about rate of change of momentum to safety features in cars. Use momentum calculations to predict what happens in a collision Explain the factors that affect stopping distance. Explain the dangers caused by large deceleration. Estimate the forces involved in the deceleration of a road vehicle. Students should be able to explain qualitatively, with examples, that motion in a circle involves constant speed but changing velocity. If an object is accelerating, its speed at any particular time can be determined by drawing a tangent and measuring the gradient of the distance time graph at that time. The distance travelled by an object (or displacement of an object) can be calculated from the area under a velocity time graph. inertial mass is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object inertial mass is defined as the ratio of force over acceleration.

18 Apply the idea of rate of change of momentum to explain safety features. Describe the turning effect of a force about a pivot. Explain and use the principle of moments. Explain what is meant by the centre of mass of an object. Describe how levers and gears can be used to transmit the rotational effect of a force. Explain how levers and gears transmit forces Explain how pressure acts in a fluid. Calculate pressure at different depths in a liquid. Explain what causes upthrust. Show that the atmosphere exerts a pressure. Explain variations in atmospheric pressure with height. Describe a simple model of the Earth s atmosphere and atmospheric pressure. Explain why you need two forces to stretch a spring. Describe the difference between elastic and inelastic deformation. Calculate extension, compression and elastic potential energy. Interpret readings to show patterns and trends. Interpret graphs to form conclusions. Apply the equation for a straight line to the graph. Recognise examples of balanced and unbalanced forces. Apply ideas about speed and acceleration to explain sensations of movement. Apply ideas about inertia and circular motion to explain braking and cornering. Describe wave motion. Define wavelength and frequency. Apply the relationship between wavelength, frequency and wave velocity. Compare the motion of transverse and longitudinal waves. Explain why water waves are transverse waves. Explain why sound waves are longitudinal waves. To understand that all waves have common properties To understand how waves can be used to carry information To understand various applications of energy transfer by different types of electromagnetic waves Explain how the speed of sound in air can be measured. Explain how the speed of water ripples can be measured. Describe the use of echo sounding. Develop techniques for making observations of waves. Select suitable apparatus to measure frequency and wavelength. Use data to answer questions Describe reflection, transmission and absorption of waves. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate reflection. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate refraction. Make and record observations of how light is reflected and transmitted at different surfaces. Measure angles and discuss the method, apparatus and uncertainty in measurements. Draw conclusions from experimental results. Research for work which will be done in the following lessons Writing up evaluations of work already completed a learning task of Scientific Vocabulary. Momentum is a property of moving objects Describe how we hear sound and state the range of frequencies we can hear. Explain that sound travels faster in a denser medium. Explain about reflection, absorption and transmission of sound. Explain what ultrasound is. Describe how ultrasound is used in industry to investigate or detect hidden or buried objects. Explain how ultrasound is used in medicine. Describe how earthquakes are detected. Describe the properties of P waves and S waves. Explain how the properties of seismic waves allow us to investigate the inside of the Earth. As for grade 5 but a greater development in the skills of the evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information in contexts presented.

19 Half termly assessments Key Stage 4 Subject: Physics Half 6. Waves and Light 7. Electromagnetism The electromagnetic spectrum Reflection, refraction and wave fronts Gamma rays and X rays Ultraviolet and infrared radiation Investigate how the amount of infrared radiation absorbed or radiated by a surface depends on the nature of that surface Microwaves Radio and microwave communication Colour Lenses Images and magnification Emission and absorption of infrared radiation Temperature of the Earth Magnetism and magnetic forces Compasses and magnetic fields The magnetic effect of a solenoid Electromagnets in action Calculating the force on a conductor Electric motors Loudspeakers The generator effect The link between electricity and magnetism Using the generator effect Transformers Grade 5 Grade 8 Recall the similarities and differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. Recognise that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Describe the main groupings and wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Explain reflection and refraction and how these may Different substances may absorb, transmit, refract or reflect electromagnetic waves in ways that vary with wavelength. Some effects, for example refraction, are due to the difference in velocity of the waves in different substances. Students should be able to use wave front diagrams to explain refraction in terms of the change of speed that happens when a wave travels from one medium to a different medium. Radio waves can be produced by oscillations in electrical

20 vary with wavelength. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate refraction. Use wave front diagrams to explain refraction in terms of the difference in velocity of the waves in different substances. List the properties of gamma rays and X rays. Compare gamma rays and X rays. Describe the properties of ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Describe some uses and hazards of ultraviolet radiation. Describe some uses of infrared radiation. Explain reasons for the equipment used to carry out an investigation. Explain the rationale for carrying out an investigation. Apply ideas from an investigation to a range of practical contexts. List some properties of microwaves. Describe how microwaves are used for communications Describe how radio waves are used for television and radio communications. Describe how microwaves are used in satellite communications. Describe the reflection and refraction of radio waves. Describe what happens when light of different wavelengths lands on an object. Explain what determines the colour of an opaque object. Explain the effect of coloured filters. Understand what a lens does. Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of images by lenses. Describe the difference between a real and a virtual image. Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of real and virtual images by lenses. Calculate the magnification of an image. Realise that all bodies emit and absorb infrared radiation. Compare emission and absorption of radiation from different surfaces. Define a perfect black body. Explain that the intensity and distribution of wavelengths of any emission depend on the temperature of the body. circuits. When radio waves are absorbed they may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself, so radio waves can themselves induce oscillations in an electrical circuit. Students should be able to give brief explanations why each type of electromagnetic wave is suitable for the practical application. Describe how the atmosphere absorbs radiation in a way that varies with wavelength. List the factors affecting the temperature of the Earth. Explain how the temperature of an object is related to the radiation absorbed and radiation emitted. Describe the force on a wire in a magnetic field Apply the left hand rule to work out the direction of a magnetic field, a current or a force around a wire. Explain the meaning of magnetic flux density, B. Calculate the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. List equipment that uses motors. Describe how motors work. Describe how to change the speed and direction of rotation of a motor. Describe how a moving coil loudspeaker works. Compare loudspeakers and headphones. Describe how a current is induced in a wire when it moves in a magnetic field. Identify the factors that affect the size and direction of the induced current or induced potential difference. Explain how moving coil microphones use the generator effect. Explain how a dynamo generates direct current and an alternator generates alternating current. For a dynamo and alternator, draw and interpret graphs of potential difference generated in the coil against time. explain how a transformer both uses and produces alternating current explain the relationship between the number of turns in the primary coil and the number in the secondary coil calculate the current that needs to be provided to produce a particular power output. As for grade 5 but a greater development in the skills of the evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information in contexts presented. Explain what is meant by the poles of a magnet. Plot the magnetic field around a bar magnet. Describe magnetic materials and induced magnetism. Describe the Earth s magnetic field. Describe the magnetic effect of a current. Explain the link between current and magnetic field. Draw the magnetic field around a conducting wire and a solenoid.

21 Describe the force on a wire in a magnetic field. Describe simple uses of electromagnets. Explain how an electric bell works. Interpret diagrams of other devices that use electromagnets to explain how they work. Half termly assessments Key Stage 4 Subject: Physics 8. Space Half The Solar System Orbits of planets, moons and artificial satellites The Sun and other stars Main sequence of a star Life cycles of stars How the elements are formed Red shift Gravity: the force that binds the Universe Grade 5 Grade 8 Describe the orbits of planets and moons in the Solar System. Distinguish between planets, dwarf planets and moons. Compare the orbital motion of moons, artificial satellites and planets in the Solar System. Describe what keeps bodies in orbit around planets and stars. Explain how for circular orbits an object can have a Students should be able to explain qualitatively how: for circular orbits, the force of gravity can lead to changing velocity but unchanged speed for a stable orbit, the radius must change if the speed changes. As for grade 5 but a greater development in the skills of the evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information in contexts presented.

22 changing velocity but unchanged speed. Explain why bodies must move at a particular speed to stay in orbit at a particular distance Describe how the Sun and other stars formed. Describe the nuclear fusion reactions in the Sun. Describe the main sequence stage of a star s life cycle. Identify the forces that are in equilibrium in a stable star Describe the life cycles of a star like the Sun and a massive star. Understand how new elements are produced by nuclear fusion inside a star. Recognise that the heavier elements are made in a supernova. Describe red shift. Describe evidence for the expanding Universe. Explain what is meant by gravity Describe the factors that affect the force of gravity Explain why gravity is so important in the development of the Universe Half termly assessments Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy Physics 5. Forces 6. Waves and Light Half

23 Forces and acceleration Investigating the acceleration of an object Newton s third law Momentum Keeping safe on the road Forces and energy in springs Investigate the relationship between force and the extension of a spring Forces and acceleration Describing waves Transverse and longitudinal waves Transferring energy or information by waves Measuring wave speeds Measuring the wavelength, frequency and speed of waves in a ripple tank and waves in a solid Reflection and refraction of waves Grade 5 Grade 8 Explain what happens to the motion of an object when the resultant force is not zero. Analyse situations in which a non zero resultant force is acting. Explain what inertia is. Plan an investigation to explore an idea. Analyse results to identify patterns and draw conclusions. Compare results with scientific theory Identify force pairs. Understand and be able to apply Newton s third law Explain the factors that affect stopping distance. Explain the dangers caused by large deceleration. Estimate the forces involved in the deceleration of a road vehicle Explain why you need two forces to stretch a spring. Describe the difference between elastic and inelastic deformation. Calculate extension, compression and elastic potential energy. Interpret readings to show patterns and trends. Interpret graphs to form conclusions. Apply the equation for a straight line to the graph. Recognise examples of balanced and unbalanced forces. Apply ideas about speed and acceleration to explain sensations of movement. Apply ideas about inertia and circular motion to explain braking and cornering. Estimate the results of simple calculations. Round numbers to make an estimate. Calculate order of magnitude. The tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia. Students should be able to explain that: inertial mass is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object inertial mass is defined as the ratio of force over acceleration. estimate the forces involved in the deceleration of road vehicles in typical situations on a public road. Explain what is meant by momentum. As for grade 5 but a greater development in the skills of the evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information in contexts presented. Describe wave motion. Define wavelength and frequency. Apply the relationship between wavelength, frequency and wave velocity. Compare the motion of transverse and longitudinal waves. Explain why water waves are transverse waves. Explain why sound waves are longitudinal waves. To understand that all waves have common properties To understand how waves can be used to carry information.

24 To understand various applications of energy transfer by different types of electromagnetic waves. Explain how the speed of sound in air can be measured. Explain how the speed of water ripples can be measured. Develop techniques for making observations of waves. Select suitable apparatus to measure frequency and wavelength. Use data to answer questions. Describe reflection, transmission and absorption of waves. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate refraction. Half termly assessments Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy Physics Half 6. Waves and Light 7. Electromagnetism The electromagnetic spectrum Reflection, refraction and wave fronts Gamma rays and X rays Ultraviolet and infrared radiation Investigate how the amount of infrared radiation absorbed or radiated by a surface depends on the nature of that surface Microwaves Radio and microwave communication Using and rearranging equations Magnetism and magnetic forces Compasses and magnetic fields The magnetic effect of a solenoid Calculating the force on a conductor Electric motors The link between electricity and magnetism Rearranging equations

25 Grade 5 Grade 8 Recall the similarities and differences between transverse and longitudinal waves Recognise that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Describe the main groupings and wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Explain reflection and refraction and how these may vary with wavelength. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate refraction. Use wave front diagrams to explain refraction in terms of the difference in velocity of the waves in different substances List the properties of gamma rays and X rays. Compare gamma rays and X rays. Describe the properties of ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Describe some uses and hazards of ultraviolet radiation. Describe some uses of infrared radiation. Explain reasons for the equipment used to carry out an investigation. Explain the rationale for carrying out an investigation. Apply ideas from an investigation to a range of practical contexts. List some properties of microwaves. Describe how microwaves are used for communications. Describe how radio waves are used for television and radio communications. Describe how microwaves are used in satellite communications. Describe the reflection and refraction of radio waves. Select and apply the equations T = 1/f and v = f. Substitute numerical values into equations using appropriate units. Change the subject of an equation. Explain what is meant by the poles of a magnet. Plot the magnetic field around a bar magnet. Describe magnetic materials and induced magnetism. Describe the Earth s magnetic field. Describe the magnetic effect of a current. Draw the magnetic field around a conducting wire and a solenoid. Describe the force on a wire in a magnetic field. Explain the meaning of magnetic flux density, B. Know the factors that make a more powerful motor. Calculate the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Explore how electricity and magnetism are connected. Describe the principle of the electric motor. Different substances may absorb, transmit, refract or reflect electromagnetic waves in ways that vary with wavelength. Some effects, for example refraction, are due to the difference in velocity of the waves in different substances. Radio waves can be produced by oscillations in electrical circuits. When radio waves are absorbed they may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself, so radio waves can themselves induce oscillations in an electrical circuit. Students should be able to give brief explanations why each type of electromagnetic wave is suitable for the practical application. List equipment that uses motors. Describe how motors work. Describe how to change the speed and direction of rotation of a motor. As for grade 5 but a greater development in the skills of the evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information in contexts presented.

26 Know how to rearrange equations. Know how to calculate the force on a conductor. Half termly assessments Key Stage 4 Subject: Trilogy Physics Revision Revision Half Half termly assessments

27 Key Stage 4 Subject: Synergy Life and environmental sciences Physical Sciences Week 1 Atomic structure Week 2 States of matter Week 3 Cells Week 4 The Periodic table Week 5 Waves Week 6 Systems in the body Week 7 The Earth s atmosphere Week 8 The Water cycle HALF TERM Week 9 Radiation and risk Week 10 Plants and photosynthesis Week 11 Chemical quantities Week 12 Lifestyle and health Week 13 Forces and energy changes Week 14 Structure and bonding Week 15 Diseases Half Grade 5 Grade 8 Recall and explain the main features of the particle Explain the limitations of the particle model model in terms of the states of matter and change in relation to changes of state when of state, distinguishing between physical and particles are represented by inelastic chemical changes. spheres. Define density and explain the differences in density Define the term specific heat capacity and between the different states of matter in terms of distinguish between it and the term specific the arrangements of the atoms or molecules. latent heat. Explain how the motion of the molecules in a gas is Describe and calculate the changes in related both to its temperature and its pressure: energy involved when a system is changed hence explain the relation between the by heating (in terms of temperature change temperature of a gas and its pressure at constant and specific heat capacity). volume (qualitative only). Relate differences between isotopes to Describe how heating a system will change the differences in conventional representations energy stored within the system and raise its of their identities, charges and masses. temperature or produce changes of state. Explain osmosis, diffusion and active Describe how, when substances melt, freeze, transport evaporate, condense or sublimate, mass is Describe the process of mitosis in growth, conserved but that these physical changes differ including the cell cycle. from chemical changes because the material Explain the role of meiotic cell division in recovers its original properties if the change is halving the reversed. chromosome number to form gametes. Explain what is meant by the purity of a substance, Describe the function of stem cells in distinguishing between the scientific and everyday embryonic and adult animals. use of the term pure. Explain the importance of cell

28 Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Recall the typical size (order of magnitude) of atoms and small molecules. Describe the atom as a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, with the nuclear radius much smaller than that of the atom and with almost all of the mass in the nucleus. Recall that atomic nuclei are composed of both protons and neutrons, that the nucleus of each element has a characteristic positive charge, but that elements can differ in nuclear mass by having different numbers of neutrons. Recall relative charges and approximate relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons. Explain the structure and function of eukaryotic cells (plants and animals) and prokaryotic cells Explain the history of the Periodic table Recall and explain the chemical and physical properties of group 0, group 1, group 7 and the metals in the central block of the Periodic table. Describe the differences between longitudinal and transverse waves Recall and describe the electromagnetic waves Describe respiration Describe the human circulatory system, the human digestive system, the human nervous system and the human endocrine system. Describe the development of the Earth s atmosphere Describe the carbon cycle Describe the greenhouse effect Describe the water cycle Recall that some nuclei are unstable and may emit alpha particles, beta particles, or neutrons, and electromagnetic radiation as gamma rays; relate these emissions to possible changes in the mass or the charge of the nucleus, or both. Describe the different types of radiation Recall the differences between contamination and irradiation Recall that atoms can become ions by loss of outer electrons Describe plant structures Describe transpiration and photosynthesis Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis Write word equations Recall and use the conservation of mass Calculate relative formula masses Describe different types of diseases Describe the different types of forces Describe and calculate work Define mass and weight Describe ionic, covalent and metallic bonding Explain the properties of ionic, covalent and metallic compounds in terms of the bonding differentiation. Describe wave motion in terms of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period; define wavelength and frequency and describe and apply the relationship between these and the wave velocity. Recall that radio waves can be produced by, or can themselves induce, oscillations in electrical circuits. Recall that different substances may refract, or reflect these waves; explain how some effects are related to differences in the velocity of the waves in different substances. Explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area: volume ratio. Use names and symbols of common nuclei and particles to write balanced equations that represent radioactive decay. Explain the concept of half life Describe the process of translocation Explain how communicable diseases are spread in plants Explain how the mass of a given substance is related to the amount of that substance in moles and vice versa. Use a balanced equation to calculate masses of reactants or products. Explain the use of hormones in modern reproductive technologies to treat fertility Describe resolving forces