SURFACTANTS 101 JOEL FIELDS WILBUR-ELLIS COMPAMY
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1 SURFACTANTS 101 JOEL FIELDS WILBUR-ELLIS COMPAMY
2 An adjuvant is any additive used in conjunction with a pesticide to increase biological activity and/or to modify various physical properties of the spray solution. ASTM Definition
3 Importance of Adjuvants Pesticide Stability Solubility Compatibility Foaming Suspension Surface Tension Droplet Size Drift Volatilization Coverage Adherence Penetration
4 Consider all factors and your experiences to make the proper adjuvant choice. Pesticide Water Quality Weather Proper Choice Crop Leaf Structure Target or Pest Target Leaf Structure Are some factors beyond your control?
5 2. Reduces surface tension 1. Solubilizes spray materials 3. Increases spreading Good surfactant activities 4. Improves retention 5. Improves penetration 6. Better spray material PERFORMANCE!
6 Barley, bean, cotton, mullein, olive, petunia, potato, purslane, stinging nettle, tomato, violet, velvetleaf
7 Surface of leaves Waxy layers
8 PESTICIDES - BARRIERS OF ENTRY Leaf hairs (pubescence)
9 Surface Tension Surface tension is the force of adjacent molecules in solution. This force is measured in dynes/cm. Water has a value of 74 while typical surfactants will have a value of dynes/cm. Organosilicone surfactants will be <25 dynes/cm.
10 Surface tension of water is ~72 dynes/cm. Droplets sit on leaf hairs or leaf surface Little leaf contact Reduced spray activity
11 Surface Tension
12 ADHESION AND RETENTION - SPREADING AND WETTING Water droplet without surfactant Water droplet with surfactant
13 Water droplets bouncing no surfactant
14 Surface tension and pesticide uptake vs. surfactant rate Pesticide Uptake
15 15 STOMATAL INFILTRATION/FLOODING
16 Leaf Surfaces Stomata 16
17 Water Only vs. Sylgard 309 at 8 oz/100 gal Note runoff and virtually no retention of water on leaf surface Note complete cover of leaf surface and excellent retention
18 Benefits of Surfactants
19 caterpillars / plant ALL SURFACTANTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL c b bc a 0 Control Agrimek +Surfactant A +Surfactant B LEAFMINER CONTROL ON LETTUCE
20 Absorption (% of applied) HERBICIDES + ADJUVANTS FOLIAR ABSORPTION OF IMAZETHAPYR Crop Oil Concentrate + Fertilizer Nonionic Surfactant + Fertilizer Crop Oil Concentrate Nonionic Surfactant Fertilizer No Additive 0
21 caterpillars / plant INSECTICIDES + SURFACTANTS Control Success at 0.3 lb/a Success at 0.3 lb/a + Surfactant at 2 pt/100 gal DIAMONDBACK CATERPILLARS ON BROCCOLI
22 SURFACTANT ENHANCEMENT OF INSECTICIDES without surfactant with surfactant
23 % disease infection FUNGICIDES + SURFACTANTS Control 2. Captan 3. Captan + Surfactant at 1 pt/100 gal 4. Captan + Surfactant at 2 pt/100 gal APPLE SCAB CONTROL
24 FERTILIZERS + SURFACTANTS control Zn Zn + Surfactant sugar beets tomatoes lemons cotton PERCENT INCREASE IN UPTAKE OF ZINC
25 % Control Large crabgrass control with PBI/Gordon Q4 herbicide +/- organosilicone surfactant Q4+OMS 0.04% Q4 15 days 26 days 43 days 62 days Days after treatment
26 Surfactant reduces surface tension to <20-50 dynes/cm. Droplets spread over leaf, penetrate surface Broader leaf contact Increased spray activity No Surfactant Surfactant
27 Product Portfolio
28
29 Spreader-Activator
30 Spreader-Activator Properties Quick spreading Uniform coverage Increased absorption and coverage High active ingredient level (90%) Nonionic for greatest compatibility Low-foaming (with defoamer included). Note: Usually add last, after pesticides are mixed.
31 Spreader-Activator R-11 is the standard NIS used at Oregon State University, University of Idaho, and North Dakota State University.
32 Surface Tension in dynes/cm. Pesticide Uptake % Surface Tension and Pesticide Uptake vs. Surfactant Rate Water Alone 72 dynes/cm. R-11 Window Of Maximum Effectiveness Higher rates equal better penetration.
33 USES Defoliants, Desiccants and Herbicides Acaricides, Insecticides and Fungicides Plant Growth Regulator Approved for aquatic use Vegetation Management Ask your local Wilbur-Ellis Representative for more information.
34 Penetrator-Activator
35 Quick spreading Uniform coverage Superior penetration into leaf 90% active Nonionic Low foaming R-900 Penetrator-Activator Properties Effective with both contact and selective herbicides Excellent for use on tough perennial weeds Note: Always add last, after pesticides are mixed.
36 R-900 Penetrator-Activator FEATURES 90% active ingredient (non-ionic) BENEFITS Uniform coverage Quick spreading Contains ethoxylated and linear alcohols Superior leaf penetration Low foaming Formulated for increased plant foliage penetration Can be used with contact and systemic herbicides
37 R-900 USES Defoliants, Desiccants and Herbicides Vegetation Management Ask your local Wilbur-Ellis Representative for more information. ALWAYS READ THE LABEL FOR COMPLETE USE INSTRUCTIONS *Not registered in California
38 FEATURES BENEFITS 100% active ingredient (non-ionic) Excellent surface tension reduction Improved rain-fastness at higher rates Quicker uptake by the plant Enhanced efficacy of pesticides over silicone / NIS blends Better coverage at reduced rates Reduce spray material wash-off by increasing penetration More consistent weed control
39 Syl-Tac
40 Features & Benefits Organosilicone / Vegetable oil Sylgard Hasten Spreading, Wetting, Penetration Humectant properties Low Use Rates Crop Safe
41 Uses Defoliants, Desiccants, Herbicides Miticides, Insecticides, Fungicides Plant Growth Regulators 4 oz./a
42 Reduces surface tension Excellent coverage of leaf surface Enhanced uptake into plant tissue Advanced emulsifier system Consistent emulsification Good stability as a tank mix partner Low use rates Economical to use Ease of handling and mixing
43 Follow label instructions on pesticide General use 2-5 oz./acre Backpack or hand held sprayers use 1 tablespoon (1/2 fluid oz) per gallon of spray Syl-Tac comes in: Quarts 1 gallon jugs 2.5 gallon jugs
44 Dye 10 minutes
45 Dye 20 minutes
46 Dye 30 minutes
47 SYL-TAC 10 minutes
48 SYL-TAC 30 minutes
49 SYL-TAC Underside of leaf after 30 minutes
50
51 Escort- 1 oz/ac 2,4-D- 1-2 qt/ac POISON HEMLOCK APIACEAE Opensight 3.3 oz per acre Surfactant?
52
53
54 DIFFUSE, MEADOW, AND SPOTTED KNAPWEED ASTERACEAE Tordon 22K- 1 pt/ac Use caution around trees Best long term control where conditions allow Prescott R&P- 2 pt/ac Excellent control; good in sensitive areas Transline- 1 pt/ac Milestone 5-7 oz per acre Opensight 3 oz per acre Apply from rosette to mid-bolt
55
56 Escort 1 oz COMMON TANSY Asteraceae Opensight 3.3 oz per acre Add 1-2 qt 2,4-D for broad spectrum control
57
58 CANADA THISTLE ASTERACEAE Tordon 22K pt/ac Apply emergence to bud stage or fall regrowth Prescott R&P- 3-4 pt/ac Apply emergence to bud stage or fall regrowth Transline pt/ac Apply emergence to bud stage or fall regrowth Better results without 2,4-D Milestone 5 7 oz per acre Opensight 3 oz per acre
59
60 MUSK AND SCOTCH THISTLE ASTERACEAE Tordon 22K- 0.5 pt/ac + 1 qt/ac 2,4-D Apply before bolting or in fall before freeze up Escort/Telar- 1 oz/ac Apply to spring or fall rosettes Prescott R&P pt/ac Use higher rate from mid-bolt to bud stage Weedmaster 2 pt/ac Apply to spring or fall rosettes Milestone 5-7 oz per acre
61
62 RUSH SKELETONWEED ASTERACEAE Tordon 22K- 1 qt/ac Apply late fall or spring from full emergence to 4 bolt (don t wait too long) Great results from fall applications Provides good residual Prescott R&P- 3-4 pt/ac Late fall or spring from full emergence to 4 Transline- 1 pt/ac Same timing as above (watch rosette leaves) Milestone 7 oz per acre fall or spring Opensight 3 oz per acre
63 Yellow Hawkweed
64 MEADOW, ORANGE HAWKWEED ASTERACEAE Tordon 22K- 1.5 pt/ac Apply full emergence to early bloom Can use 1 pt/ac if 1.5 qt/ac 2,4-D is added Milestone 5-7 oz per acre Prescott 3-4 pints per acre Transline pt/ac Addition of ammonium sulfate has helped above 2 qts per 100 Bronc Max
65
66 Escort 1 oz per acre HOUNDSTONGUE Boraginaceae Add 1-2 qts per acre Opensight 3.3 oz per acre
67 Perennial Whitetop/Hoary Cress
68 HOARY CRESS BRASSICACEAE Easy recommendation with S.U. s Escort Apply rosette to bloom stage 1 oz/ac on Hoary Cress Telar- 1 oz/ac Use silicone/blend surfactant (very waxy) Escort more consistent than 2,4-D (less AI)
69
70 ST JOHNSWORT Clusiaceae Escort ¾ oz qt 2,4-D + surfactant Milestone 7 oz per acre
71
72 Telar DF 2 oz per acre FIELD HORSETAIL Equisetaceae Apply in spring prior to 6 inch bolt Rainfall needed to activate Bareground Landmark MP + Krovar 0r Landmark MP + Diuron
73 LEAFY SPURGE EUPHORBIACEAE Plateau oz/ac Higher rates increase grass damage Use MSO plus nitrogen fertilizer source Apply after light fall frost (Early Sept.- Early Oct.) Tordon 22K- 1-3qt/AC or 1qt plus 1qt 2,4D Apply at bloom stage Krenite S- 1.5 gal/ac Use in sensitive areas (around trees, near water) Apply at bloom to late bloom
74
75 COMMON MULLEIN Scrophulariaceae Escort 1 oz + Syl-tac 1-2 pts per 100 Biennial weed, spray 1 st years growth (rosette) Add 2,4-D for broad spectrum control Opensight 3.3 oz per acre
76
77 DALMATION, YELLOW TOADFLAX SCROPHULARIACEAE Tordon 22K- 2 qt/ac Apply at bud to bloom stage Use silicone/blend surfactant (waxy leaves) Telar- 2 oz/ac Apply bud to bloom or fall rosette stage Surfactant use is critical Telar + Tordon 22K = TNT
78 QUESTIONS? THANK YOU!
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