Generic delimitation of the genera Brevilongium and Otoglossum (Orchidaceae) with description of new species from Colombia and Panama

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1 This article was downloaded by: [Uniwersytet Gdanski], [Marta Kolanowska] On: 21 May 2014, At: 10:00 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: Registered office: Mortimer House, Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology: Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: Generic delimitation of the genera Brevilongium and Otoglossum (Orchidaceae) with description of new species from Colombia and Panama D. L. Szlachetko a & M. Kolanowska a a Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, PL Gdańsk, Poland Accepted author version posted online: 22 Apr 2014.Published online: 19 May To cite this article: D. L. Szlachetko & M. Kolanowska (2014): Generic delimitation of the genera Brevilongium and Otoglossum (Orchidaceae) with description of new species from Colombia and Panama, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology: Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana, DOI: / To link to this article: PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the Content ) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 Plant Biosystems, Generic delimitation of the genera Brevilongium and Otoglossum (Orchidaceae) with description of new species from Colombia and Panama D. L. SZLACHETKO & M. KOLANOWSKA Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, PL Gdańsk, Poland Abstract A discussion on the generic delimitation of the orchid genera Brevilongium and Otoglossum is presented. Additional notes on Ecuadorella are provided. A comparison of the morphological characters of the genera is presented together with a key to their identification. Moreover, two new species of Brevilongium and four species of Otoglossum are described and illustrated. The taxonomic affinities of the new taxa are briefly discussed. Keys to the identification of Brevilongium and the Colombian species of Otoglossum are provided. Keywords: Brevilongium, Ecuadorella, Oncidieae, orchids, Otoglossum, taxonomy The problem of generic delimitation of Oncidiumallied orchids is the topic of the ongoing discussion for over 170 years. So far, over 1100 specific epithets have been applied to this group. The most intensive studies were conducted on large-flowered species variously classified under Cyrtochilum Kunth, Odontoglossum Kunth, and Otoglossum (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst. Taxonomic concepts of serpentine Oncidium Among numerous species groups, particular attention of taxonomists was given to the classification of the plants characterized by wiry rhizome, which is uncommon in Oncidium alliance. Kraenzlin (1922) assigned those species together with representatives of Pfitzer s (1889) section Synsepala to the newly created section Varicosa. The author, however, emphasizes the unusual habit of the twining plants by placing them in the separate subsection Serpentia. Almost 50 years later, Garay (1970) elevated its rank to the section level. Christenson (2005) proposed to segregate those species out of Oncidium and to accommodate them in the new genus Brevilongium. Oncidium harlingii Stacy is an unusual species in Oncidium sect. Serpentia by its odd upright habit with long internodes and dichotomously forking woody rhizomes. Dodson and Romero (2010) proposed a monotypic genus Ecuadorella to locate this species. The genus Otoglossum was established over 50 years after the first proposal of Schlechter (1924) to embrace Odontoglossum species with ovoid to oblongelliptic leaves and three-lobed lip with minute basal lobes classified previously within a subgenus Otoglossum (Garay & Dunsterville 1976). The differences between Brevilongium s.l. and Otoglossum concern also morphology of the flowers. The most striking features of Otoglossum s.str. are many-flowered inflorescence with shining, predominantly reddish-brown sepals and petals, and yellow or whitish lip smaller than tepals. Brevilongium produces single-, or rarely few-flowered inflorescence with yellow flowers with reddish or brownish patches on the basal parts of sepals, petals, and lip. Lip is mostly much larger than tepals. The generic concept presented earlier was not accepted by the molecular taxonomists (Williams et al. 2001; Neubig et al. 2012). They motivated that molecular data strongly support amalgamation of Oncidium sect. Serpentia and Otoglossum s.str. as sister Correspondence: M. Kolanowska, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, PL Gdańsk, Poland. Tel: þ Fax: (48) martakolanowska@wp.pl q 2014 Società Botanica Italiana

3 2 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska taxa, and together they are sister to Otoglossum harlingii (Stacy) N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase. Hence, Otoglossum sensu Neubig et al. (2012; Figure 1) comprises both plants producing stout rhizomes, appressed to substrate or ascendent, enclothed in large sheaths as well as orchids having very elongate, twining, wiry rhizome. Representatives of the three genera, i.e., Brevilongium, Ecuadorella, and Otoglossum, form three separated groups on the phylogenetic tree. The inclusion of all these taxa in Otoglossum reveals elongate rhizomes as a local synapomorphy for the genus (Neubig et al. 2012). It is noteworthy that this trait occurs elsewhere in Oncidiinae, e.g. species of Cyrtochilum s.str., to which Otoglossum is related in the light of molecular analyses. The studies on the gynostemium morphology confirmed the distinctiveness of the twining oncidioid orchids in the generic level (Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). The gynostemium of Brevilongium is short and delicate, erect or sigmoid, with prominent tabula infrastigmatica spread between the lip base and base of the receptive surface. On the contrary, the gynostemium of Otoglossum s.s. is relatively massive, robust structure, more or less terete, erect, with inconspicuous tabula infrastigmatica connecting bases of the lip and column part. In both cases, clinandrium is usually three-lobed. Its lobation, middle/lateral lobes length ratio as well as the surface of margins are good diagnostic features on the species level. The key to the identification of the discussed genera is provided further in the text and a comparison of their morphological characters is presented in Table I and the photographs are presented in Figure 2. As the general vegetative and floral scheme of the species included in the four genera previously included in Oncidium sect. Serpentia is consistent, the actual diversity of the taxa may be underestimated since usually the details of the tepals, lip form and calli, and clinandrium morphology are omitted during the identification of herbarium material. In this study, a total of 150 specimens representing Otoglossum sensu Neubig et al. (2012) were studied as a part of the research on the Colombian and Panamanian orchid floras (Kolanowska 2013; Kolanowska & Szlachetko 2013). Additionally, we examined population of various species of Otoglossum and Brevilongium in situ Figure 1. Fragment of maximum likelihood bootstrap consensus tree presented by Neubig et al. (2012) during field work in northern Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia, and plant cultivated in orchid nurseries, i.e., Peruflora (Peru), Ecuagenera, Carmen Apollo, Orquidario of the University of Cuenca (Ecuador) and Orquivalle (Colombia). Detailed results of this work will be published in one of the next volumes of the Orchids of Colombia. Based on the examination of the type specimens of particular species and analysis of original diagnoses, we were able to select diagnostic characters for Brevilongium, Ecuadorella, and Otoglossum s.s. as well as to estimate the infraspecific variation observed within representatives of those taxa. Key to the genera 1. Rhizome woody * Rhizome nonwoody Rhizome dichotomously forking, internodes elongate, sheaths remote Ecuadorella 2* Rhizomes simple, not dichotomously forking, enclothed with numerous sheaths, internodes shortened Otoglossum 3. Internodes elongate, rhizomes wiry, with few, remote leafless sheaths Brevilongium 3* Internodes shortened, rhizome non-wired, sheaths numerous Oncidium The genus Brevilongium Despite the lack of consensus on the generic distinctiveness of Brevilongium, its representatives are easily distinguished from other oncidioid orchids. The long, thin, wiry rhizome produced by those plants is not observed in other Oncidiinae. This unique vining habit (usually many meters long) was interpreted by Christenson (2005) as an indeterminate inflorescence that periodically produces flowering plantlets at the nodes. Neubig et al. (2012) rejected this suggestion and regarded vining structure as stem. In many species of Brevilongium, however, inflorescence produced in nodes of this structure is supported only by bractlet without any trace of pseudobulb. Occasionally, the pseudobulbs are abortive, very inconspicuous. It reminds a branching inflorescence and would confirm Christenson s interpretation. It requires further study. Species of Brevilongium produce Oncidium-like resupinate, yellow flowers with reddish brown spots. Their sepals and petals are free, obovate, and similar in size, and their lip is distinctively larger than tepals. Their capsule is triangular in cross-section. The gynostemium is erect, with column part about twice longer than the subapical, incumbent anther. The column foot is absent. The two pollinia are subglobose, slightly dorsiventrally flattened, hard, unequally and

4 Generic delimitation of Brevilongium and Otoglossum 3 Table I. Comparative morphology of Oncidium, Ototglossum, Brvilongium, and Ecuadorella. Oncidium Otoglossum Brevilongium Ecuadorella Habit Rhizome abbreviated, stiff, unflexible Rhizome elongate, stiff, woody, unflexible, densely enclothed in leafless sheaths Twining, rhizome wiry, with remote, obscure leafless sheaths Straight, erect, rhizomes woody, dichotomously forking, with remote, obscure leafless sheaths Pseudobulbs Ancipitous, 2 4-foliate Ancipitous, 1 3-foliate Ancipitous, unifoliate Ancipitous, unifoliate Inflorescence Branched or simple, erect to pendent, usually longer than leaves, few- to many-flowered Unbranched, erect, many-flowered Branched or simple, erect to pendent, 1- to fewflowered Unbranched, erect, 1- to 3-flowered Tepals Free, similar in shape and size Free, similar in shape and size Free, similar in shape and size Lateral sepals shortly connate, tepals similar in shape and size Lip Hastate to three-lobed, sometimes with a claw, sometimes fused to gynostemium for nearly whole length, callus simple to complex Subequal or smaller than tepals, three-lobed; lateral lobes smaller than middle lobe, callus a tuberculate pad Distinctively larger than tepals, three-lobed, callus a tuberculate pad Distinctively larger than tepals, three-lobed, callus a triquetrous pad with a minute superficial process along the margins Tabula infrastigmatica Prominent, between stigma and lip base Inconspicuous, between gynostemium Prominent, between stigma Prominent, between stigma and and lip bases and lip base lip base Gynostemium Slightly arched or erect, rather stout Elongate, erect, robust Erect, short, delicate Slightly arched or erect, rather delicate Column part wings Wings uneven and papillate Wings minutely and irregularly denticulate on margins Wings uneven, irregular or denticulate on margins Wings obliquely subquadrate, margins entire Anther Subapical, incumbent Subapical, incumbent Subapical, incumbent Subapical, incumbent Clinandrium Obscure Forms a high collar-like structure Obscure Obscure hiding the anther sides and back, margins denticulate Short, conical-digitate in the middle, Rostellum Short, conical-digitate in the middle, obtuse; remnant bilobulate ligulate, pendent, obtuse; remnant bilobulate Short, conical-digitate in the middle, obtuse; remnant bilobulate Short, conical-digitate in the middle, obtuse; remnant bilobulate

5 4 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska Figure 2. Flowers of (a) Otoglossum globuliferum (photo: Ricardo Marín Thiele); (b) Ecuadorella harlingii (photo: Ales Dvorak); (c) Otoglossum arminii (photo: Eric Hunt). deeply cleft, empty inside. The caudicles are sticky, amorphous. The large stigma is elliptic and deeply concave. The single viscidium is oblong elliptic and the single tegula is thin and oblong. The genus includes five species ranging from Peru and Bolivia to Costa Rica. The recent revision of the Colombian and Panamanian Oncidiinae revealed the existence of two distinct Brevilongium species which are described here as new. Brevilongium tapascoi Szlach. et Kolan. sp. nova Typus: Colombia, Risaralda, Mpio. Pueblo Rico. Vereda Monte Bello, PNN Tatamá. Trocha sobre la casa de la finca de Antonio Tapasco N, W, m, 28 Apr 2006, R. Arévalo & A. Tapasco 574 (Holotype: COL!, UGDA! drawing of the type). Iconography: Figure 3. Diagnosis: Species similar to B. serpens (Lindl.) Christenson, distinguished by truncate to emarginate sepals and petals, the shortly unguiculate petals the suborbicular, crenate lip basal lobes, the shortly bifid, flabellate-suborbicular lip middle lobe, form of the lip callus, and irregularly dentate margins of clinandrium. Eponymy: Dedicated to Antonio Tapasco, the owner of the property where the new species was collected. Description: Rhizome long, thin, wiry. Pseudobulbs 1.2 cm long, 0.6 cm wide, elliptic-oblong, compressed. Leaf up to 4.2 cm long, 1.6 mm wide, oblong-elliptic to elliptic. Inflorescence 1-flowered; Figure 3. Brevilongium tapascoi. (a) Lateral sepal; (b) dorsal sepal; (c) petal; (d) lip; and (e) gynostemium. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm. peduncle 2 3 cm long, enveloped by two sheaths. Flowers large for the plant size, yellowish-brown. Floral bract 4 mm long. Pedicel 20 mm long. Ovary 7.5 mm long. Tepals with undulate margins, truncate to emarginate apically. Dorsal sepal 11 mm long, 6.7 mm wide, ovate, emarginate, base unguiculate. Petals 11 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, oblong above spathulate base, emarginate at the apex. Lateral sepals 13.5 mm long, oblong above spathulate base, emarginate. Lip 14.7 mm long, 11.5 mm long across the middle lobe, 10 mm long across the basal lobes, three-lobed; basal lobes suborbicular, recurved in the natural position; isthmus about 5.8 mm wide; middle lobe flabellate-suborbicular, shortly bifid at the apex; callus basal, consisting of a fleshy pad with irregular margins and a pair of subtriangular appendages near the apical sides of the pad. Gynostemium 5 mm long. Distribution, habitat, ecology. So far, this species is known exclusively from the Western Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. It was found growing as an epiphyte in the humid montane forest at an altitude of about m. It flowers in April. Taxonomic relationships. Brevilongium tapascoi resembles B. serpens which differs from the new species by the lip, sepals, and petals form. Unlike the new species, its lip is oblong-pandurate in outline, with

6 Generic delimitation of Brevilongium and Otoglossum 5 small, triangular-auriculate basal lobes, whose margins are entire (vs lip lateral lobes suborbicular with crenate margins) and obovate middle lobe (vs middle lobe flabellate), and the petals are distinctly unguiculate (vs and lateral sepals are acuminate). The lip callus of B. serpens is tuberculate while in Brevilongium tapascoi, it consists of a fleshy pad with irregular margins and a pair of subtriangular appendages near the apical sides of the pad. Additionally, clinandrium margins of the new species is irregularly dentate (vs entire on margins). B. globuliferum and B. scansor are separable from the new species by the lip form, which is wider than long in all those species (vs lip longer than wide in B. tapascoi). In contrast to the new species, B. luerorum (Dodson) Christenson and B. palaciosii (Dodson) Christenson have very narrow, oblong-obovate lateral sepals and their lip basal lobes are ovate-triangular (Figure 4). Brevilongium allenianum Szlach. et Kolan. sp. nova Typus: Panama, Chiriqui. Fortuna Field Station. Samudio Trail, D. W. Roubik 215 (Holotype: PMA!, Isotypes: PMA!; UGDA! drawing of the type). Iconography: Figure 5. Diagnosis: Species similar to B. globuliferum (Kunth) Christenson, distinguished by the oblongelliptic pseudobulbs, prominent, triangular basal lip lobules, and form of the lip callus. Figure 4. Brevilongium serpens flowerand lip details (Dodson 1982). Figure 5. Brevilongium allenianum. (a) Dorsal sepal; (b) petal; (c) lateral sepal; and (d) lip. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm. Eponymy: Dedicated to Paul H. Allen, the co-author of The orchids of Panama. Description: Rhizome long, thin, wiry. Pseudobulbs cm long, about 1.6 cm wide, oblongelliptic, compressed. Leaf cm long, mm wide, oblong-elliptic, apiculate. Inflorescence 4- to 5-flowered, flowers produced successively; peduncle 2 3 cm long. Flowers large for the plant size, yellow with reddish spots. Floral bract 4 5 mm long. Pedicel mm long. Ovary mm long. Dorsal sepal about 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, spathulate to obovate, apex rounded. Petals about 12 mm long, 4.6 mm wide, shortly unguiculate, elliptic, obtuse, margins undulate. Lateral sepals about 11.5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, oblonglanceolate above spathulate base, obtuse. Lip about 18 mm long, 21 mm long across the middle lobe, 10.8 mm long across the basal lobes, three-lobed; basal lobes about 7 mm long, triangular, recurved in the natural position; isthmus about 4.8 mm wide; middle lobe about 10.2 mm long, bilobulate with a small, obtuse apicule between the lobules, lobules suborbicular; callus basal, consisting of two fleshy, overlapping pads with five digitate appendages. Gynostemium 5 mm long.

7 6 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska Distribution, habitat, ecology. So far, this species is known exclusively from the Panamanian Cordillera de Talamanca. It was found growing as an epiphyte in the ombrophilous montane forest at an altitude of about m. Taxonomic relationships. The new species resembles Brevilongium globuliferum, from which it differs by the oblong-elliptic pseudobulbs (vs pseudobulbs suborbicular to ovate), the obtuse dorsal sepal (vs dorsal sepal acute), the prominent, triangular basal lip lobes (vs basal lobes small, suborbicular), and form of the lip callus. The lip callus of B. globuliferum is composed of a fleshy pad with two digitate appendages on both sides and it extends to the base of lip isthmus. In the shape of the basal lobules, the new species is similar to B. scansor, but may be easily distinguished from this species by the presence of the prominent isthmus between the lip lobules (vs middle lobe subsessile) and much larger middle lobe of the lip (Figure 6). Key to the species of Brevilongium 1. Lip wider than long * Lip longer than wide Lip middle lobe sessile B. scansor 2* Isthmus between the lobes distinctive Lip lateral lobes triangular-auriculate, inconspicous B. globuliferum 3* Lip lateral lobes triangular, prominent B. allenianum 4. Lip basal lobes ovate-triangular * Lip basal lobes rounded Lip isthmus prominent, callus extending to the isthmus base B. palaciosii 5* Lip isthmus very short, callus do not reach the isthmus B. luerorum 6. Lip basal lobes prominent, suborbicular, petals very shortly unguiculate B. tapascoi 6* Lip basal lobes inconspicous, auriculate, petals distinctly unguiculate B. serpens The genus Otoglossum Otoglossum embraces about 15 species distributed along the Andes from Peru to Nicaragua growing as epiphytes or terrestrials usually in wet forest between 300 and 3000 m altitude. Six of them were reported from Colombia where they were usually found above 2000 m of elevation and only one, O. chiriquense (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst., occurs in the warm regions below 1000 m a.s.l. (Ortiz & Uribe 2007) this is also the only Otoglossum species known from the Colombian Valle de Sibundoy (Foundation Buenoy Yumartán Aldea Ecológica, pers. comm.). In the narrower concept, Otoglossum comprises species characterized by the stout rhizome, the ancipitous, distant pseudobulbs and the unbranched inflorescence which is usually longer than the leathery leaves and it carries few to many resupinate, showy flowers. Both the sepals and petals are free, similar in size and shape, and the lip is three-lobed with lateral lobes remarkably smaller than the middle lobe. The gynostemium is erect, robust, broadly winged near the stigma, and wings are minutely and irregularly denticulate on margins, without the column-foot (Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). The course of study on the North Andean orchids revealed the existence of four distinctive Otoglossum species which are described here as new. Otoglossum koenigeranum Szlach. et Kolan. sp. - nova Typus: Colombia, Putumayo. Valle de Sibundoy. Vereda de San José del Chunga. N W76 Figure 6. Brevilongium globuliferum flower and lip details (Dodson 1980).

8 Generic delimitation of Brevilongium and Otoglossum , 2342 m, 11 Jan 2013, Kolanowska 511 (Holotype: MEDEL!, Isotype: UGDA!). Iconography: Figures 7 and 8. Diagnosis: Species similar to O. brevifolium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst., but distinguished by oblong-elliptic leaves, obovate-subrectangular, apically shortly bifid petals, position of the lip versus gynostemium, auriclelike basal lobes of the lip and spacious clinandrium. Eponymy: Dedicated to Willibald Königer, German orchidologist who gave a great contribution to the taxonomy of Oncidieae. Description: Rhizome stout, creeping. Pseudobulbs 8 15 cm distant, ovoid, laterally compressed, up to 6 cm long, cm wide, apically unifoliate, clothed below by 2 imbricating, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves leathery, oblong-elliptic, 8 30 cm long, cm wide, subacute, narrowed into a conduplicate, petiolate base. Inflorescence about 45 cm long, stout, erect, unbranched, enclothed with 3 4 scarious sheaths, loosely 13- to 20- flowered. Flowers about 4 cm in diameter, showy, with spreading segments, brownish-red, with yellow lip flushed red. Floral bracts about mm long, triangular-lanceolate. Pedicellate ovary mm Figure 7. Otoglossum koenigeranum. (a) Dorsal sepal; (b) petal; (c) lateral sepal; and (d) lip. Scale bar ¼ 10 mm. long. Dorsal sepal 18 mm long and wide, suborbicular, truncate, with small obtuse apicule, margins undulate. Lateral sepals 22 mm long, 18 mm wide, obovate-spathulate, truncate, margins undulate. Petals 21 mm long, 14 mm wide, obovate-subrectangular, apically shortly bifid with strongly undulate margins. Lip 19 mm long, 10 mm wide, somewhat pandurate, three-lobed, its basal part and gynostemium base form an angle of ca 408; lateral lobes minute, about 3 mm long, in the form of auricles; middle lobe 16 mm long, 10 mm wide, bilobulate in the apical part, with a minute spicule between lobules, lobules rounded; callus a fleshy, knobbed pad in the lip base, about 3 mm long. Gynostemium about 10 mm long, massive, clinandrium broadly winged, denticulate. Distribution, habitat, ecology. Known only from the southern Colombian Andes, Valle del Sibundoy in Department of Putumayo. The population of just few specimens was growing in the disturbed area of very humid montane forest, together with Elleanthus sp. Plants were growing epiphytically on the dead tree. This species flowers in January. Notes: The new species resembles in the flower structure Otoglossum brevifolium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst. known from Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, from which it differs mainly by the longer, oblongelliptic leaves (vs leaves elliptic), the scarious sheaths enclothing the peduncle, the loose arrangement of the flowers and the apically bifid petals. Peculiar features of the new entity are very spacious clinandrium (about 6 mm 10 mm when expanded), the largest in the genus, and position of the lip versus gynostemium. In newly described species, lip base and gynostemium form an angle of about 408, whereas in O. brevifolium basal part of the lip is almost parallel to the gynostemium. Vegetatively, O. koenigeranum is similar to O. coronarium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst., from which it is easily distinguishable by the bilobulate middle lobe of the lip (Figure 9). Otoglossum arevaloi Szlach. et Kolan. sp. nova Typus: Colombia, Risaralda, Mpio. Pueblo Rico. Vereda Monte Bello, zona de amortiguación del Parque Nacional Tatamá, camino al cerro Montezuma N, W N, W, m. Bosque húmedo de montaña, 8 May 2006, R. Arévalo & A. Tapasco 583 (Holotype: COL!; UGDA! drawing of the type). Iconography: Figure 10. Diagnosis: Species similar to O. arminii (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst., distinguished by the suborbicular lip middle lobe which is retuse at the apex and the broad, distinctive isthmus. Eponymy: Dedicated to Rafael Arevalo, cocollector of the type specimen.

9 8 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska Figure 8. Otoglossum koenigeranum. (a) Habit; (b) flower close-up; (c) gynostemium; (d) gynostemium and lip (lateral view). Photos: M. Kolanowska & R. Medina. Figure 9. Otoglossum brevifolium lip, various views (Dodson 1982). Description: Pseudobulb about 5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, cylindric, subtended by several foliaceous bracts. Leaf blade 18 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, oblongelliptic; petiole 2.5 cm long. Inflorescence 22 cm long, laxly 20-flowered. Pedicel 27 mm long, ovary 15 mm long. Floral bract 15 mm long. Flowers showy, tepals brown with yellow margins, lip yellow with brown isthmus and apical parts of basal lobes, callus cream colored. Dorsal sepal 18 mm long, 13 mm wide, suborbicular from shortly unguiculate base, apex bifid. Petals 15 mm long, 9 mm wide, ovate-subrectangular in outline, margins strongly undulate. Lateral sepals 22 mm long, 10 mm wide, obliquely obovate, margins undulate. Lip 18 mm long, 12 mm wide across basal lobes, three-lobed; basal lobes 3.8 mm long, dolabriform, slightly undulate; isthmus between the lobules 5 mm long and wide; middle lobe 11 mm long, 14 mm wide, suborbicular, apex retuse, margins undulate; callus a fleshy, dentate pad with an additional irregular appendage on each side. Gynostemium about 10 mm long, clinandrium three-lobed with dentate margins. Distribution, habitat, ecology. Known only from the Western Andean Cordillera of Colombia, where it was found growing epiphytically in humid montane forest at altitudes of about m. Flowering in May. Taxonomic relationships. Species resembling Otoglossum arminii (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst., but is easily distinguishable from this species by the suborbicular lip middle lobe (vs middle lobe cuneate-flabellate), which is retuse at the apex and the broad, distinctive isthmus (vs isthmus

10 Generic delimitation of Brevilongium and Otoglossum 9 Figure 10. Otoglossum arevaloi. (a) Dorsal sepal; (b) petal; (c) lateral sepal; (d) lip; (e) gynostemium. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm. inconspicuous). Moreover, the lip length width ratio is 3:2 in O. arevaloi and 2:1 in O. arminii (Figure 11). Otoglossum schmidt-mummii Szlach. et Kolan. sp. nova Typus: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Entre Fosca y Guttierres, 3000 m, 24 Oct 1961, H. Schmidt-Mumm 88 (Holotype: COL!; UGDA! drawing of the type). Iconography: Figure 12. Diagnosis: Species similar to O. coronarium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst., distinguished by the prominent lip basal lobes and the apically bifid lip middle lobe with horn-like appendages at the base. Eponymy: Dedicated to Helmuth Schmidt- Mumm, the collector of the type specimen. Description: Pseudobulbs 5 cm long, 3 cm wide, obovoid, laterally compressed, enclothed at the base with leafless sheaths, unifoliate. Leaf blade about 15 cm long, 5.2 cm wide, oblong-elliptic; petiole 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence 27 cm long, 10-flowered. Flowers brown with yellow margins, lip yellow with cream colored base, margins of the tepals undulate. Ovary about 10 mm long, pedicel 15 mm long. Floral bracts about 15 mm long, triangular, acute. Dorsal sepal 15 mm long, 14 mm wide, suborbicular, notched at the apex. Petals 18 mm long, 14 mm wide, from the very short unguiculate base subrectangular, deeply notched at the apex. Lateral sepals 15.5 mm long, 11 mm wide, ovate, rounded. Lip 17 mm long and 10 mm wide across the basal lobes, three-lobed; basal lobes 4 mm long, suborbicular-dolabriform, undulate; middle lobe 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, cuneateflabellate, distinctly notched at the apex, at the base with two horn-like appendages; callus a fleshy, elevated pad. Gynostemium about 14 mm long. Distribution, habitat, ecology. Known only from the eastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia, where it was found growing epiphytically at about 3000 m a.s. l. Flowering in October. Taxonomic relationships. Species resembling Otoglossum coronarium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst., from which it is easily distinguished by the prominent, suborbicular-dolabriform lip basal lobes

11 10 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska Figure 11. Otoglossum arminii lip and callus details (BGH ). Figure 12. Otoglossum schmidt-mummii. (a) Lateral sepal, (b) petal, (c) dorsal sepal, (d) lip. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm. (vs basal lobes small, auriculate) and the apically bifid lip middle lobe (vs middle lobe rounded) with horn-like appendages at the base. The new species differs from O. brevifolium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst. by the oblong-elliptic leaf blade and the presence of the horn-like appendages on the lip. Otoglossum garayanum Szlach. et Kolan. sp. nova Typus: Colombia, Huila. Cerro Punta. PNN: Cueva de los Guácharos. N W , 10 Mar 1994, Barbosa César 14712(53) (Holotype: COL!, Isotype: FMB!; UGDA! drawing of type). Iconography: Figure 13.

12 Generic delimitation of Brevilongium and Otoglossum 11 Figure 13. Otoglossum garayanum. (a) Dorsal sepal, (b) petal, (c) lateral sepal, (d) lip. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm. Diagnosis: Species similar to O. axinopterum (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst., distinguished by the suborbicular sepals and prominent lip with obliquely semicircular basal lobes. Eponymy: Dedicated to Leslie A. Garay, an eminent orchidologist, who studied intensively Neotropical orchids. Description: Pseudobulbs 3.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, cylindrical, enclothed at the base with foliaceous bracts, unifoliate, spaced about 10 cm. Leaf blade cm long, cm wide, oblongelliptic; petiole 1.8 cm long. Inflorescence cm long, up to 9-flowered. Flowers brownish-yellow, margins of the tepals undulate. Ovary 12 mm long, pedicel 14 mm long. Floral bracts about 13 mm long, triangular, acute. Dorsal sepal 19 mm long, 18 mm wide, suborbicular, notched at the apex. Petals 19 mm long, 17 mm wide, subsessile, circularsubrectangular, notched at the apex. Lateral sepals 19 mm long, 14 mm wide, from shortly unguiculate base suborbicular, apiculate. Lip 22.5 mm long and 11.5 mm wide across the middle lobe, three-lobed; basal lobes 7.5 mm long, obliquely semicircular, undulate; middle lobe 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, cuneate-flabellate, distinctly notched at the apex, apices rounded; callus a fleshy pad, elevated and rounded at the apex, digitate on sides. Gynostemium about 12 mm long. Distribution and ecology. Known only from the eastern Andean Cordillera. Flowering in March. Taxonomic relationships. Species resembling Otoglossum axinopterum (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst., from which it is separable by the suborbicular sepals (vs tepals oblong), obliquely semicircular lip basal lobes (vs lip basal lobes inconspisous, acutely winged). The lip of O. garayanum is larger than tepals while in O. axinopterum the sepals are about one-third longer than lip. Key to the Colombian species of Otoglossum 1. Basal part of the lip and gynostemium form an angle of O. koenigeranum 1* Basal part of the lip parallel to gynostemium Leaves oval, usually less than 10 cm long * Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, cm long Lip middle lobe bifid O. brevifolium 3* Lip middle lobe entire O. arminii 4. Lip basal lobes prominent

13 12 D. L. Szlachetko and M. Kolanowska 4* Lip basal lobes inclonspicous, auriculate Lip middle lobe suborbicular, subequally long and wide O. arevaloi 5* Lip middle lobe cuneate-flabellate, longer than wide Basal lip lobes obliquely semicircular, 7.5 mm long O. garayanum 6* Basal lip lobes suborbicular-dolabriform, 4 mm long O. schmidt-mummii 7. Lip middle lobe bilobulate O. weberbauerianum 7* Lip middle lobe entire or slightly retuse at the apex Isthmus narrow, about 4 mm wide O. hoppii 8* Isthmus broad, about 7 10 mm wide Pseudobulbs completely hidden by the foliaceous, articulate bracts O. chiriquense 9* Pseudobulbs completely surrounded at the base by distichous sheaths O. coronarium Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Curators and staff of the National Colombian Herbarium and Herbarium of the University of Panama for their assistance during the visits in the herbarium and for making specimens available on loan. We wish to thank Sławomir Nowak and Anna Król for their help in preparing the illustrations. We would like to express our gratitude to Ramiro Medina T. for his cooperation in the field studies on orchids of Putumayo and providing photos of the new species. Funding The paper is a part of a project supported with a grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (8124/B/PO1/2011/40). References Christenson EA Brevilongium, un nouveau genre neotropical (Oncidiinae). Richardiana 6(1): Dodson CH Icones Plantarum Tropicarum 1(2) Orchids of Ecuador. Sarasota: The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens. Dodson CH Icones Plantarum Tropicarum 1(5), Orchids of Ecuador. Sarasota: The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens. Dodson CH, Romero GA Ecuadorella. In: Harling G, Persson C, editors. Flora of Ecuador 87. Gothenburg: Gothenburg University. p.345. Garay LA A reappraisal of the genus Oncidium Sw. Taxon 19: Garay LA, Dunsterville GCK Otoglossum. In: Dunsterville GCK, Garay LA, editors. Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, Vols London: Andre Deutsch. p. 41. Kolanowska M A new species of Microchilus (Goodyerinae, Orchidaceae) from Colombia. Plant Biosyst. doi: / Kolanowska M, Szlachetko DL A new species of Hapalorchis (Spiranthinae. Orchidaceae) from Colombia. Plant Biosyst 147(2): Kraenzlin FWL Orchidaceae-Monandrae, Tribus Oncidiinae Odontoglosseae Pars II. Leipzig: Engelmann. Neubig KM, Whitten MW, Williams NH, Blanco MA, Endara L, Burleigh JG, Silvera K, Cushman JC, Chase MW Generic recircumscriptions of Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae: Cymbidieae) based on maximum likelihood analysis of combined DNA datasets. J Linn Soc, Bot 168: Ortiz VP, Uribe C Galería de Orquídeas de Colombia (CD edition). Bogotá: Asociación Bogotana de Orquideología. Pfitzer EH II.B.28.f. Monandrae-Oncidiinae-Odontoglosseae. Natuerlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigsten Arten, II. Teil, 6. Abteilung, (Orchidaceae). Leipzig: Engelmann. pp Schlechter R Beitraege zur Orchideenkunde von Colombia, I. Orchidaceae Hoppianae. Repert Spec Nov Regni Veg Beih 27: Szlachetko DL, Mytnik-Ejsmont J Gynostemia Orchidalium IV (Orchidaceae-Vandoideae). Acta Bot Fenn 180: 212. Williams NH, Chase MW, Fulcher T, Whitten WM Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: Expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 16: