RESUMO POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF JASSID, AMRASCA DEVASTANS (DIST.) IN COTTON THROUGH MORPHO- PHYSICAL PLANT TRAITS

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1 71 72 RESUMO POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF JASSID, AMRASCA DEVASTANS (DIST.) IN COTTON THROUGH MORPHO- PHYSICAL PLANT TRAITS ABSTRACT Gulzar Ahmad * Muhammad Jalal Arif Muhammad Ramzan Zahid Sanpal Ten genotypes of cotton viz., BH-118, CIM-443, CIM-448, FH-634, FH- 87, HR-129, VH-142, SLS-1, HRVO and Okra-170 catalogued in relation to resistance against jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.). All the tested genotypes of cotton significantly differed in relation to all morphological plant traits. From ten genotypes, Okra-170 afforded appreciable resistance and was found comparatively the most resistant genotype to jassid attack. While FH-634 showed the highest susceptibility to adult jassid. While maxim nymph population was noticed on FH-634 and minim on HRVO and same is the case with adult + nymph population. The last two weeks of August and first two weeks of September were found to be the most favourable for the development of jassid nymph and adult population. Hair density on vein and lamina of upper leaves, the length of hair on midrib and vein of upper leaves, midrib of middle leaves and midrib and vein of bottom leaves, gossypol glands on midrib, vein and lamina of upper, middle and bottom leaves and thickness of leaf lamina on midrib and bottom leaves played a significant and negative role towards resistance for jassid adult population. The length of hair on midrib, vein of middle leaves, gossypol glands on lamina of middle leaf was resulted to significant and negative correlation with jassid nymph population while all the other morphological traits showed non-significant correlation to jassid population. Keywords: Amrasca devastans, jassid, cotton, popullation fluctuation. * Department of Agri. Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Dez genótipos de algodão (BH-118, CIM-443, CIM-448, FH-634, FH-87, HR-129, VH-142, SLS-1, HRVO e Okra-170) foram estudados com relação a sua resistência a Amrasca devastans (Dist.). Todos os genótipos testados diferiram significativamente em relação a todos os tratamentos morfológicos. Dos 10 genótipos, Okra-170 ofereceu resistência apreciável e considerada comparativamente como o genótipo mais resistente ao ataque de Amrasca devastans. O genótipo FH-634 apresentou a maior susceptibilidade ao adulto. O máximo de populações de ninfas foi encontrado em FH-634 e o mínimo em HRVO, sendo o mesmo caso com relação às populações adulto + ninfa. As últimas duas semanas de agosto e as primeiras duas de setembro foram consideradas as mais favoráveis para o desenvolvimento das populações de ninfas e adultos. A densidade de pêlos sobre as nervuras e lâminas de folhas superiores, o comprimento dos pêlos na nervura central e venações das folhas superiores, nervura central de folhas intercalares, nervura central e venações das folhas inferiores, glândulas de gossipol na nervura central, venações e lâmina de folhas superiores, medianas e inferiores e a espessura da lâmina foliar sobre a nervura central e folhas infreriores, tiveram a importância significante e negativa quanto a resistência das plantas a populações adultas de Amrasca devastans. O comprimento dos pêlos na nervura principal, venações de folhas intermediárias, glândulas de gossipol sobre a lâmina de folhas medianas, resultaram em a correlação significante e negativa com as populações de ninfas, enquanto que todos os outros tratamentos morfológicos apresentaram correlação não significante às populações de Amrasca devastans. Palavras-chave: Amrasca devastans, algodão, futuação de populações. INTRODUCTION Cotton Jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.) causes leaf burning, drying and shedding in young plants and arrest the plant growth. In Pakistan cotton is severely attacked by jassid causing 24.45% (BHAT et al., 1986) and 18.78% (JAVED et al., 1992) reduction in cotton yield. Complete reliance has been made on pesticides for the control of this notorious pest. The incidence level of jassid has been reported to be different on

2 73 74 different genotypes of cotton (SYED et al., 1996), Manzoor (1998), Nizamani et al., (2002) and Salman (2003). It is advisable to screen out cotton genotypes possessing resistance against jassid and also the role of morph-physical characters against jassid (JAVED et al., 1992), Ali (1923), Agarwal et al., (1978), Ahmad and Khan (1991), Shahzad (1998) and Raza (2000) The present project was conducted on 10 genotypes of cotton viz., BH-118, CIM-443, CIM-448, FH-634, FH-87, HR-129, VH-142, SLS-1, HRVO and Okra- 170 with the objectives to find comparative resistance against jassid based on population density in different genotypes of cotton at various dates of observations and to determine the role of hair density, length of hair, thickness of leaf lamina and gossypol glands on different leaves towards resistance against jassid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted to determine the role of some morphological plant factors viz., nber of gossypol glands, hair density, length of hair and thickness of leaf lamina towards resistance against jassid in ten genotypes of cotton viz., BH-118, CIM-443, CIM-448, FH-634, FH-87, HR-129, VH-142, SLS-1, HRVO and Okra-170. The experiment was sown following randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated thrice with plot size of 4.57 m x 7.64 m. Row to row distance 0.76m and plant to plant distance was maintained as 0.30m. No plant protection measures were applied throughout the season. Experiment was conducted in the research area of Cotton Research Institute at Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad during the year Data regarding adult and nymph population of cotton jassid on per leaf basis were recorded early in the morning at weekly intervals. Fifteen leaves were selected from 15 randomly chosen cotton plants from each plot in such a sequence that first leaf from upper portion of the first plant, second leaf from middle portion of the second plant, third leaf from lower portion of the third plant and so on, were taken into account for recording the population data of jassid. Three plants were selected at random from each plot and one leaf each from upper, middle and lower portion of each selected plant was taken to study nber of gossypol glands, hair density, length of hair on midrib, veins and lamina from lower side of the leaves under a Stereoscope binocular microscope from three different places. The area from midrib and vein was one cm in length, whereas for lamina it was one cm 2. For this purpose an iron made dye of 1 cm 2 was used. A cross section of each leaf was cut with the help of fine razor and thickness of leaf lamina was determined from 3 different places of each leaf with the help of an ocular micrometer under a CARL ZEISS binocular microscope. The data were also analyzed statistically to find the significance of the results within the genotypes and means were compared by DMR test at 5% probability. Simple correlation was worked out between population density of jassid and morphological characters of the plant. An IBM compatible computer was used for whole statistical analysis with M. Stat-C package. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Jassid infestation initiated in the third week of July on all the genotypes of cotton and reached peak level during the first week of September. The lowest pest nber 0.02 jassid per leaf was found in the last week of July, while 1.13 jassid per leaf were counted infesting different genotypes of cotton in the first week of September. (Fig 2). The present findings are not in conformity with those of Rehman (2002) and Salman (2003) who reported that the month of July showed maxim jassid population. The jassid population was highest on FH- 634(0.77 per leaf) and lowest on the Okra-170 (0.24 per leaf) while the remaining genotypes indicated more or less a similar level of occurrence (Fig 1). Same is the case with nymph and nymph + adult population. The present findings are not comparable with those of Tomar and Rana (1993), Syed et al., (1996), Manzoor (1998), Ali (1999), Raza (2000), Bashir et al., (2001) Shad et al., (2001), Nizamani et al., (2002), Rehman (2002), Anonymous ( ), and Salman (2003). The various morphological plant traits viz.,hair density, length of hair and nber of gossypol glands on midrib, veins and leaf lamina and thickness of leaf lamina differed highly significantly among various genotypes of cotton (Table 1, 2 and 3). As for as correlation between Jassid population and morphological plant traits concerned, correlation coefficient values given in table 4 and 5 revealed that Hair density on vein and lamina of upper leaves, length of hair on mid rib and vein of upper leaves, midrib of middle leaves and midrib and vein of bottom leaves, gossypol glands on midrib, vein and lamina of upper, middle and bottom leaves and thickness of leaf lamina on middle and bottom leaves played a significant and negative role towards resistance for jassid adult population. Jassid nymph population regarding the length of hair on midrib, vein of middle leaves. The present findings are in partial agreement with those of Agarwal et al.,(1978),

3 75 76 Baloch et al., (1982), Ahmad and Khan (1991), Ali and Ali (1991), Javed et al., (1992), Ali (2003), Shahzad (1998), Raza et al., (1999) and Raza (2000). Gossypol glands only on lamina of middle leaf resulted significant and negative correlation. While all the other morphological traits showed non-significant correlation to jassid adult and nph population. However, the present findings are in conformity with those of Javed et al., (1992) and Ali (2003). LITERATURE CITED AGARWAL, R. A.; BANERJEE, S. K.; KATIYAR, K. N Resistance to insects in cotton to Amrasca devastans (Dist.). Cott. Fib. Trop., 33(4): AHMAD, M.; KHAN, M. R Insecticide resistance management strategies in cotton pests in Pakistan. Pak. Entomol., 13(1-2): ALI, M. I.; ALI, M. R Comparative resistance of some exotic cotton genotypes against the cotton jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.) in Bangladesh. Bangl. J. Zool., 19(2): ALI, I., Role of biochemical components in resistance of cotton varieties against sucking insect pests. M.Sc. Thesis, Deptt. Entomol., Univ. Agric., Faisalabad: ANONYMOUS, Agricultural statistic of Pakistan Govt. Pak., Ministry of food Agric. Livest., Div. (Eco.Adv.Wing), Islamabad. ANONYMOUS, Studies on insect pests population on different genotypes of cotton. Annual Report Entomology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. p., 5-6, 11-12, BALOCH, A. A.; SOOMRO, B. A.; MALLAH, G. H Evaluation of some cotton varieties with known genetic markers for their resistance/tolerance against sucking and bollworm complex. Turkiye Bitki Kore Dergisi, 6(2): Bhat, M. G., A.B. Joshi and M. Singh, Relative loss of seed cotton yield by jassid and bollworms in some cotton genotypes (Gossypi hirsut L.) Indian J. Entomol., 46: BHATTI, M. A.; SAEED, M.; CHATTA, N.; IQBAL, S Host-plant resistance and importance to insect population suppression in cotton crop. Proc. Cott. Prod. Seminar, ESSO, Pak. Fertilizer Co. Ltd., pp. BHATTI, M. A.; CHATHA, N.; SAEED, M.; MURTAZA, M. A Integrated pest management in cotton, Gossypi hirsut L. Ann. Rep., NIAB., Faisalabad (Pakistan), 200 p. BASHIR, M. H.; AFZAL, M.; SABRIM, M. A.; RAZA, A. B. M Relationship between sucking insect pests and physico-morphic plant characters towards resistance/ susceptibility in some new genotypes of cotton. Pakistan Entomol., 23(1/2): JAVED, H.; KHAN, M. R.; AHMAD, M Role of physico-chemical factors imparting resistance in cotton against some insect pests. Pak. Entomol., 14(1-2): MANZOOR, T., Physio-morphic plant factors affecting resistance in new genotypes of cotton against sucking insect pest with special reference to CLCV disease. M.Sc. Thesis, Deptt. Entomol., Univ. Agric., Faisalabad: NIZAMANI, I. A.; TALPUR, M. A.; KHUHRO, D. R.; NIZAMANI, S. M Relative resistance of cotton cultivars to sucking complex. J. Appl. Sci., 2 (6): RAZA, A. B. M., Physico-morphic plant characters in relation to resistance against sucking insect pests in some new cotton genotypes.pak. Entomol., 22(1-2): RAZA, A. B. M.; AFZAL, M.; MANZOOR, T Physico-morphic plant factors affecting resistance in new genotypes of cotton against sucking insect pests. Abs. No. EPM th Congr. Zool; April Zool., Soc., Pak. NARC, Islamabad, p REHMAN, M. L Effect of the interaction of some weather factors and genotypes on population of sucking insect pests of cotton. M.Sc. Thesis. Deptt. Entomol. Faculty of Crop Protec. Sci., NWFP Agric. Univ., Peshawar, Pakistan. SALMAN, M., Levels of resistance in different new cultivars of cotton against sucking insect pests under augmentative release of beneficial insects in IPM studies. M.Sc. Thesis. Deptt. Agric. Entomol., Univ. Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan. SHAD, S. A.; AKRAM, W.; AKBAR, R Relative response of different cultivars of cotton to sucking insect pests at Faisalabad. Pakistan Entomol., 23 (1/2): SHAHZAD, M. S., Relationship between sucking insect pests and virus

4 77 78 incidence in niw genotypes of cotton with special reference to pyysio-morphic plant factors. M.Sc. Thesis., Deptt. Entomol., Univ. Agric., Faisalabad: SYED, T. S.; ABRO, G. H.; KHURO, R. D.; DHAUROO, M. H Relative resistance of cotton varieties against sucking insects pests. Abstr. No. PM nd Intern. Congr. Entomol., Sci., March 19-21, Pak. Entomol. Soc., PARC, Islamabad, p. 52. TOMAR, S. K.; RANA, O. S Incidence of jassid in relation to variety and time of sowing in cotton (Gossypi Species) Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 64 (11): VAN DEN BOSCH, R., The cost of poison. Environ., 14: Pop./leaf Pop./leaf Jassid population per leaf at various dates of observations Jassid population per leaf on different genotypes of cotton BH-118 CIM-443 CIM-448 FH-634 FH-87 HR-129 VH-142 SLS-1 HRVO Okra- 170 genotypes 8/8/ /9/2003 9/9/ /10/2003 Adult Nymph Adult+Nymph Figure 1 - Jassid population per leaf on different genotypes of cotton Adult Nymph Adult+Nymph Figure 2 - Jassid population per leaf at various dates of observations Table 1 - A multiple comparison of means values of different morphophysical characters of upper leaves of different genotypes of cotton against Jassid. Genotypes Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina BH c cd b 29.00c 23.00ef 22.00c 24.00b 16.00cde 96.67b 20.33a CIM f 90.00f d 19.33f 23.00ef 21.00cd 19.33cd 17.00bcd 42.33cd 19.00a CIM d e e 29.00c 34.67a 32.00a 21.33cd 18.33bc 65.33bc 10.00de FH f 83.33f g 28.33c 26.33d 27.67b 22.67bc 14.00de 45.00cd 12.00cd FH d de d 25.00d 19.67g 19.00d 23.00b 21.00b 94.00b 11.00d HR e c f 23.33e 31.00c 23.00c 18.00de 19.10bc 53.33cd 8.67e VH e e de 20.33f 22.00f 21.00cd 21.00bcd 16.00cde 61.67bc 10.00de SLS d b c 25.67d 24.00e 26.00b 21.33bcd 12.67e 22.00d 12.00cd HRVO a a a 32.00b 33.00b 21.00cd 15.67e 12.00e 89.33b 13.33c Okra f 90.33f h 40.00a 26.00d 31.33a 63.00a 79.67a a 17.00b Table 2 - A multiple comparison of means values of different morphophysical characters of middle leaves of different genotypes of cotton against Jassid. Genotypes Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina BH a c b 27.13e 21.33cd 17.00c 12.00f 9.00e 17.33e 18.00b CIM ef 76.33g d 23.00f 16.00e 13.33d 26.33bc 20.33bc 85.00bc 18.00b CIM d d f 23.00f 30.00a 24.67b 23.33bcd 13.67d 66.67bc 12.00d FH fg 74.67g g 24.00f 18.17de 25.00b 24.67bc 20.00bc 43.17bc 11.00d FH c c e 30.33d 21.30cd 23.33b 23.00bcd 18.00c a 11.00d HR e 86.20f h 38.20a 27.33ab 19.33c 19.10de 18.00c 49.33bc 11.00d VH gh d f 23.33bc 27.33ab 26.00b 15.00ef 21.67b 86.00bc 10.33d SLS b b c 30.67cd 24.33bc 29.00a 22.00cd 11.00de 22.67bc 11.00d HRVO a a a 26.90e 23.67bc 31.67a 27.67b 18.33bc 97.43b 14.23c Okra h 53.00h h 33.33b 27.00ab 24.33b 95.33a 77.00a a 24.17a Table 3 - A multiple comparison of means values of different morphophysical characters of bottom leaves of different genotypes of cotton against Jassid. Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Genotypes BH bc c b 20.67e 19.33e 14.67ef 26.00c 14.67de 72.00b 16.00b CIM c 66.67f e 14.00f 15.00f 14.00f 28.00b 19.33c 42.33d 19.00a CIM bc d ef 29.00bc 23.00d 21.00b 23.00cde 23.00b 54.67c 11.67c FH bc c d 30.33b 26.00c 20.33bc 29.00b 17.00cd 71.00b 9.67d FH c 99.00d g 25.00cd 19.00e 19.00bcd 25.67bcd 14.33de 55.67c 11.00cd HR c 84.20e 97.77h 35.67a 28.33b 18.00cd 21.33de 12.53e 26.33e 15.00b VH c 91.33de fg 21.00de 22.00d 17.00de 15.67f 12.00e 55.67e 11.00cd SLS ab b c 30.00b 28.00bc 27.67a 20.33e 12.00e 17.00f 11.33cd HRVO a a a 38.00a 23.67d 25.67a 21.67cde 13.00e 43.67d 16.00b Okra c 57.00g h 38.00a 36.00a 26.00a 72.67a 75.67a a 20.00a

5 79 80 Table 4 - Correlation between jassid adult population and various morphophysical plant characters on different leaf positions. Plant Upper Leaves Middle Leaves Bottom Leaves Characters Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Hair density ns * * ns ns ns ns ns ns Hair length ** * 0.013ns * ns ns ** * ns Gossypol glands * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Thickness of Leaf Lamina ns ** ** * = Significant at P= 0.05 **= Significant at P= 0.01 ns= Non-significant Table 5 - Correlation between jassid nymph population and various morpho-physical plant characters on different leaf positions. Plant Upper Leaves Middle Leaves Bottom Leaves Characters Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Midrib Vein Lamina Hair density ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Hair length ns ns 0.171ns ** ** ns ns ns ns Gossypol glands ns ns** ns ns ns * ns ns ns Thickness of Leaf Lamina ns ns ns * = Significant at P= 0.05 **= Significant at P= 0.01 ns= Non-significant