Keeping the bees: identifying wild bees a prerequisite for conservation

Transcription

1 P C Y U Keeping the bees: identifying wild bees a prerequisite for conservation Agapostemon virescens

2 Outline The importance of bees Species identification and discovery through barcodes The campaign to barcode the bees of the world progress and prognosis

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4 Bees and Our Food If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe man would have only four years of life left attributed to Albert Einstein

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7 Photos L. Mandel

8 Identification and discovery 1: Halictus ligatus in Canada & the USA

9 Is two species that are morphologically exactly the same but genetically they are very, very different

10 They are sympatric in the Piedmont region of the Appalachian mountains

11 . H. poeyi H. ligatus

12 H. townsendi H. poeyi H. ligatus

13 Identification and discovery 2: Lonchopria an example of barcoding helping us find morphological differences

14 Lonchopria (Biglossa) Lonchopria rufitorax Lonchopria rufitorax Lonchopria sp3 Lonchopria sp3 Lonchopria sp3 Lonchopria sp3 Lonchopria greyform Lonchopria sp2 5% There are at least 6 species Lonchopria sp2 Lonchopria sp2 Lonchopria zonalis Lonchopria sp1 Lonchopria sp1 Lonchopria sp1 Lonchopria sp1 Lonchopria sp1

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16 Male mandibles and base of female metasoma modified

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20 Identification and Discovery 3: Liphanthus 33 described species, 29 from Chile. Most barcode clusters have been examined by the expert who described 22 of the 29 Chilean species Luisa Ruz Strong sexual dimorphism Male Liphanthus sabulosus Female

21 Rhophitulus sp Liphanthus nsp1 We have > 32 barcode clusters, but only 11 of them are described species 1 Liphanthus nsp3 Liphanthus nsp3 Liphanthus nsp2 Liphanthus nsp2 Liphanthus alicahue? Liphanthus alicahue Liphanthus alicahue Liphanthus alicahue Liphanthus alicahue Liphanthus alicahue 3 2 2% Liphanthus quadrifasciatus Liphanthus nsp5 Liphanthus nsp6 6 5 Liphanthus nsp18 18 Liphanthus nsp4 4 Liphanthus nsp16 16 Liphanthus coquimbensis Liphanthus coquimbensis Liphanthus nsp15 Liphanthus nsp14 14 Liphanthus nsp14 Liphanthus nsp9 9 Liphanthus nsp17 Liphanthus nsp17 17 Liphanthus nsp19 Liphanthus nsp19 Liphanthus nsp19 Liphanthus nsp19 15 Liphanthus nsp19? Liphanthus nsp19 Liphanthus nsp19 Liphanthus nsp10 Liphanthus nsp10

22 Seemingly at least 21 undescribed species with incomplete sampling Liphanthus nsp10 10 Liphanthus nsp19 2% Liphanthus nsp10 Liphanthus chillanensis Liphanthus chillanensis Liphanthus nsp8 Liphanthus nsp8 8 Liphanthus nsp13 Liphanthus nsp13 Liphanthus nsp13 13 Liphanthus nsp13 Liphanthus nsp13 Liphanthus tarsalis Liphanthus tarsalis? Liphanthus nsp12 12 Liphanthus moldenkei Liphanthus atratus Liphanthus penai Liphanthus penai Liphanthus pilifrons Liphanthus nsp11 11 Liphanthus nsp11 Liphanthus nsp7 7 Liphanthus nsp18 19 Liphanthus nsp15 20 Liphanthus nsp15 21 Liphanthus brevicornis Liphanthus brevicornis Liphanthus sabulosus Liphanthus sabulosus Liphanthus sabulosus? Liphanthus sabulosus Liphanthus sabulosus

23 The campaign to barcode the bees of the world Inaugural Meeting Reunión Inagural Reunião Inaugural 創立総会 May 12 th 14 th Mayo, Maio, 年 5 月 日

24 Geographic Coverage of Bee Barcodes: Data as of August 30 th 2013

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27 ( 90% of ~500 genera have at least one barcode ~30% of 20,077 species have at least one barcode

28 HELP? Amro Zayed We still need bees from throughout the world. Whenever there are flowers in bloom there will be bees flying: please catch us some! Just using plastic cups with soapy water inside will work.

29 PARTNERS IN FUNDING AND IN-KIND SUPPORT FUNDING The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), Canada Research Chairs program, Ontario Foundation for Innovation and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute to PDN Hebert Claudia Ratti, Sheila Dumesh, Amro Zayed, Gail Fraser for images CBOL funded the May workshop York University ASSISTANCE Sujeevan Ratnasingham (BOLD) Many workers at BIO for (diligent, careful and enthusiastic lab work) Julie Stahlhut for troubleshooting. COLLABORATORS By now, this represents almost all bee researchers worldwide.

30 Thanks for listening Photo courtesy Dr. S.F. Sakagami