àh$au Xþgao g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm

àh$au Xþgao g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm

A.H«$. 2.1 àñvmdzm àh$au Xþgao g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm Vn{eb 2.2 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmà m Aä mgmmo $m Xo 2.3 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyz AmT>ië mmo ómov 2.4 g ~ {YV gm{hë mmm AmT>mdm$ 2.4.1 g ~ {YV gm{hë mvrb VmpÎdH$ ^mjmmm AmT>mdm 2.4.2 V ma H«$ pýdv AÜ Z H«$ nmr> d CAI H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço 2.5 g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm 2.5.1 CAI er g ~ {YV g emoyz 2.5.1.1 àë j AhdmbmVyZ àmá Pmbobr g ~ {YV g emoyz 2.5.1.2 {Z VH$m{bH$m YyZ àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz 2.5.1.3 Am Vaamï >r n[afx Ü o àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz 2.5.1.4 B Q>aZoQ>da àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz 2.5.2 ^mavm~mhoarb g ~ {YV g emoyz (B Q>aZoQ>da àh$m{ev Pmbobo) 2.6 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm àñvwv g emoyzm gmr>r Pmbobm Cn moj 2.7 g ~ {YV d àñvwv g emoyzmmr VwbZm 2.8 g mamon g X^

àh$au 2 ao g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm 2.1 àñvmdzm - EImXr g ñ m gmos>{dê mgmr>r g ~ {YV KQ>H$m Mm {dmma H$amdm bmjvmo. ~è mmem g ñ m Mr CH$b nyduà m {ZîH$fm V bnbobr AgVo. g emoyz g ñ m {ZpíMV Pmë mda {ZdS>boë m g ñ oer {ZJ{S>V g emoyzmmm Aä mg H$amdm bmjvmo. g emoyz A{^H$ën H$aÊ mnydu ñdv À m {df mer {ZJS>rV Agbobo gm{hë { idyz Ë mmm Aä mg Ho$bobm Agë mg {ZdS>boë m {df mdarb g emoyz A{YH$ AW nyu hmovo. $ g emoyzmv g emo{yho$bm g emoyz g ñ o{df r joì {ZpíMV H$éZ g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm Am{U gm{hë mmm AmT>mdm bmjvmo. Ë m wio nwt>rb g emoyzmmr {Xem {ZpíMV hmovo d mnydu g ~ {YV {df mv Pmboë m g emoyzm{df r m{hvr { ivo. g emoyz H$m nüxvera d g $b hmoê mg g X^ gm{hë d g emoyzmmm Cn moj hmovmo. EImXr g ñ m gmos>{dê mnydu g ñ oer g ~ {YV KQ>H$m Mm {dmma H$amdm bmjvmo. g emoyz AmamIS>m V ma H$aÊ mnydu ñdv À m {df mer {ZJS>rV Agbobo gm{hë { idyz Ë mmm Aä mg Ho$ë mg {ZdS>bobo g emoyz {ZpíMVM A{YH$ Mm Jbo hmovo. nydu Pmboë m g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoUo ho EH$ hëdmmo H$m Amho. 2.2 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmà m Aä mgmmo $m Xo - 1) nydu H$m Pmbo Amho ho g Oë mzo Ë m {df mmr nwzamd Îmr Q>miVm ovo. 2) g emoyzmbm {Xem { ivo. 3) hm Aä mg g emoyzmmr C{ÔîQ>ço {ZpíMV H$aÊ mg XV H$aVmo. 4) g emoyzmvrb m Xm g OVmV. 5) g emoyzmmr m S>Ur H$aÊ mg hm Aä mg XV H$aVmo.

6) hmvr KoVboë m g emoyz Aä mgmvyz { imbobo {ZîH$f d g ~ {YV g emoyzmvrb {ZîH$f mmr VwbZm H$aVm ovo. 7) hm Aä mg g emoyzmmr n[ah$ënzm m S>Ê mg XV H$aVmV. 2.3 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyz AmT>ië mmo ómov - àw g emo{yho$zo B{Vhmg {df mv H$moUH$moUVr g emoyzo Pmbr mmr nmhur Ho$br. m AmT>mì mv nwt>rb ómovmvyz m{hvr CnbãY Pmbr. 1) gm. {Z bmvmb WmonQ>o {ejuemó hm{dúmb mvrb g emoyzo. 2) lr Vr ZmWr~mB Xm moxa R>mH$agr {dúmnrr>, nwuo. 3) E.Eg.gr.B.Ama.Q>r. owrb g emoyzo. 4) hmamï > EÁ who$ezb OZ b. 5) 5 th Survey in Educational Research 2.4 g ~ {YV gm{hë mmm AmT>mdm - g emo{yho$bm g emoyzmmr mo½ {Xem XmI{dÊ mgmr>r Á m à muo g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoUo JaOoMo AgVo. Ë mà muom g emo{yho$zo dv mznì, m{gho$, {Z VH$m{bHo$, g X^ nwñvho$ m Mo dmmz H$éZ Amnë m {df mvrb g ~ {YV gm{hë mà m m{hvrmo g H$bZ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. g emoyzmmr n[ah$ënzm, g emoyz åhuoo H$m? Amnbm g emoyzmmm {df {ZpíMV H$aVm Zm H$moUVr g ñ m {ZíMrV H$aVm Zm H$moUVr g ñ m {ZdS>mdr mgmr>r VgoM J {hvho$, n[ah$ënzm, C{ÔîQ>ço, {ZîH$f m S>Ê mgmr>r, {e $maer, gymzm, Cnm moozm gwm{dê mgmr>r, gm p» H$s m{hvrgmr>r AW {Zd MZ H$aÊ mgmr>r A{^H$ënmMr {ZdS> H$aÊ mgmr>r. g emoyzmgmr>r Amdí H$ Agboë m Á m g ~ {YV VmpËdH$ ^mjmmm VgoM V ma H«$ mpýdv AÜ Z H«$ nmr> d CAI H$m H«$ mmm Aä mg g emo{yho$zo Ho$bm Ë mmm WmoS>³ mv AmT>mdm Imbr XoÊ mv Ambobm Amho.

2.4.1 g ~ {YV gm{hë mvrb VmpËdH$ ^mjmmm AmT>mdm - ñd AÜ Z - ñd AÜ Z åhuoo {dúmï m Zo ñdv H$amd mmo AÜ Z. 1 H$mb am Og À m Vo {ejummr à{h«$ m Ho$di djm VM MmbV ZgVo Va Hw$Qw> ~ Am{U g mo m À m m $V Oo AZw^d { ivmv Ë m Mr g b¾vm djm Vrb AÜ Zmer Owibr Am{U Vr g b¾vm {dúmï mªà m Zmbm nq>br VaM {dúmwu embo AÜ Z ghonuo AmË gmv H$é eh$vmo. m VËdmÀ m AmYmamda 1969 Ü o Ë mzo " «$ss> Qy> bz ' hm J«W à{güx Ho$bm. 2 am Og Mr ñd AÜ Z à{h«$ omr VËdo 3-1) àë oh$ ì µ³vr Ü o ñd {ejummr Z g{j H$ eµ³vr AgVo. 2) {dúmï mªà m ñdv À m OrdZnÜXVrer Am{U OrdZmVrb Ü o m er AÜ Z {df mmm Ooìhm mo½ g ~ Y OwiVmo VoìhmM Ë mmo ñd {eju Omo mzo nwt>o OmVo Am{U Ë mbm Ë m Ñï>rZo CnbãY H$éZ {Xboë m AÜ Z gw{dym hì mem dmq>vmv. 3) "ñd AÜ ZmMm' AW ñdv À m ì pµ³v ËdmMr nwza MZm H$aUo. mh$[avm {dúmï m bm Amnë m ì pµ³v ËdmMr énaofm ñnï>nuo {XgUo Amdí H$ AgVo. 4) AÜ Z à{h«$ oà m A VJ V EImXr ~m~ ñdv À m ì pµ³v Ëdmbm AmìhmZ XoUmar AmT>ibr VargwÜXm {dúmwu {VÀ mer hiyhiy VS>OmoS> H$é eh$vmo. na Vw BVa H$moUr VS>OmoS>rMo AmìhmZ {Xbo Va Ë mmm Vmo h Img à{vh$ma H$aVmo. 5) ñdv À m ì pµ³v Ëdmbm Ooìhm EImXo AmìhmZ { ivo Voìhm {dúmï mªmr Am V[aH$ ~m püxh$ d ^md{zh$ eµ³vr Ë m AmìhmZmMr {M{H$Ëgm H$aVo Am{U AÜ -ZmMr dmq>mmb H$m amhvo. 6) nwîh$igo hëdmmo AÜ Z ho H ${VerbVoVyZ hmov AgVo. 7) {dúmwu Ooìhm ñdv À m O~m~Xmarda AÜ Z à{h«$ o Ü o gh^mjr hmovmo Voìhm AÜ Z à{h«$ m gwiénnuo MmbVo.

8) ñd AÜ Z à{h«$ m {dúmï mªà m ^mdzm d ~wpüx Îmm m À m g J mvyz hmov Agë mzo Vr {dñv V Am{U {Q>H$mD$ hmov AgVo. 9) {dúmï mªà m ñd AÜ Zeµ³VrMo BVam Zr Ho$bobo yë mnz Ooìhm Ë mzo ñdv Ho$boë m yë mnzmnojm H$ r hëdmmo mzbo OmVo Voìhm {dúmwu A{YH$ ñdv ÌnUo A{YH$ à{h«$ m nwt>o R>oD$ eh$vmo, H$maU ñdv Mo yë mnz H$aVmZm Ë mbm {M{H$ËgH$d Îmr Am{U ñdmdb ~Z m gd à{h«$ m Mm g mdoe "ñd - yë mnzmv' {Z{^ S>nUo H$amdm bmjvmo. 10) AmYw{ZH$ OJm Ü o "AÜ Z à{h«$ m' åhuoo n[adv ZmÀ m AZw^dm Mr EH$ Z g numar gmiir AgoM mzmdo bmjob. m à{h«$ m Ü o hmoumao ñd AÜ Z Ho$di EImÚm {df mnwavom gr{ V amhv Zmhr. Ë m Mr OwiUr ñdmzw^dmer Am{U n[adv Z à{h«$ m~ôbmm OmJéH$ d Îmrer OmUrdoer hmov AgVo. gmyh$ A{^g YmZ (Operant Conditioning) 4 ~r.e ²$.pñH$ZaZo àmê mda AZoH$ à moj Ho$bo Ë mn H$s EH$ à moj Ë mzo XmoZ H$~wVam da Ho$bm. H$mhr Img o$a $ma Ho$bobm qnjnm J hm Ioi XmoZ H$~wVao IoiVmV. qnjnm JMm bhmzgm d hbh$m M Sy> Vo MmoMrZo EH$ oh$m H$S>o T>H$bVmV. Á m H$~wVamÀ m ~moybm M Sy> Q>o~bmdéZ Imbr ns>ob Ë mà m {déüx ~moyà m H$~wVamg mo~xbm (XmUo) { ivmo. {déüx ~moyg M Sy> ns>mdm d Amnë m ~moyg M Sy> nsy> Z o m IQ>nQ>rV H$~wVao hm Jw VmJw VrMm Ioi ~amm doi IoiV amhvmv. hr H$R>rU j Vm gmü H$aÊ mgmr>r dv Z~XbmÀ m ~è mm bhmz bhmz nm è m YyZ H«$ mh«$ mzo mo½ doim mo~xbm XoV H$~wVam Zm Ý mdo bmjvo. Aem bm ~bmh$ gamdmvyz qnjnm±j m IoimVrb MT>mAmoT>rMo A {V C{Ôï> gmü hmovo. m à mojmdéz pñh$zazo EH$ V Ì emoyyz H$mT>bo. Á m àmê mbm {eh$dm Mo Agob Ë m àmê m H$Sy>Z Ë mbm e³ Agboë m dv Zmn H$s Amnë mbm Oo Cn wµ³v

Agob Ago dv Z KS>ob Aer n[apñwvr {Z m U H$am Mr Am{U Ano{jV dv Z KS>VmV Ë mmo à~bz H$am Mo Ë mbm Ë mzo "gmyh$ A{^g YmZ' Ago Zmd {Xbo. pñh$zaà m Vo mzdr dv Zhr AemM àh$mao {Z ÌUmImbr AmUVm ovo. {dúmï m bm AÜ Z H$aVmZm VmËH$mi àbmo^z {Xbo Jobo Va Ë mbm AÜ Z H$aUo gwb^ hmovo. m CÔoemZo pñh$zazo A{^H«${ V/H«$ mpýdv AÜ ZmMr {Z{ Vr d {dh$mg Ho$bm. pñh$zaà m Vo H«$ mpýdv AÜ ZmÀ m gmhmæ mzo H$moUË mhr {dúmï mª Ü o AÜ Z ho hmoumam. nwt>o J Ë mv S>m. Zm Z H«$mD$S>a, S>m.{Jb~Q> BË mxr mzgemókm Zr AmUIr ^a KmVbr. pñh$zaà m CnnÎmrMo e j{uh$ hëd 5-1) {dúmï m H$Sy>Z KS>Umè m dv Zmn H$s Ano{jV dv Zmbm {ejh$mzo mo½ à{vgmx {Xë mg {dúmï m À m dv Zmbm diu bmduo gmono OmVo. 2) {dúmï mªh$sy>z Oo Ano{jV dv Z Amho Vo KS>ë m~amo~a bjom Ë mbm ~{jg XoUo Amdí H$ AgVo. ho ~{jg dojdojù m àh$mamo Agy eh$vo. 3) gamdmbm AZÝ gmymau hëd Agë mzo {ejh$mzo {dúmï m Mm Ano{jV ~m~tmm gamd H$éZ KoVbm nm{hoo. 4) dv ZmgmR>r àoauomr Amdí H$Vm Amho. {dúmï mªzm AÜ ZmgmR>r {d{dy àoah$m Mm dmna H$éZ àoaum XoUo Amdí H$ Amho. 5) Ano{jV dv Z {d{eï> ÑT>rH$maH$ dmnéz A{^g {YV H$aUo åhuoom AÜ Z Agë m wio {dúmï mª Ü o H$moUVo dv Z Ano{jV Amho ho nmhÿz nmr>mmr C{Ôï>o dv ZmÀ m ñdénmv {bhmdrv. 6) pñh$zazo CnnÎmrÀ m AmYmao V ma Ho$boë m A{^H«${ V AÜ Z nüxvrmm Cn moj H$éZ {dúmï mªzm Amnë m gmo rzwgma d JVrZwgma AÜ Z H$aVm ovo. H«$ mpýdv AÜ ZmMr AmYma^yV VËdo 6-1) bkwîm KQ>H$ nmr>çdñvymo {díbofu bhmz bhmz ^mjmv Ho$bo OmVo.

2) Ëd[aV ns>vmim àízmà m CÎmamMm ËdarV ns>vmim KoVm ov Agë mzo CÎmamMo ÑT>rH$aU hmovo. 3) g{h«$ à{vgmx àë oh$ {dúmwu AÜ Z H$aVmZm H$m av/h $Vrerb amhvmo. 4) ñdjvrzo àjvr gds>rzwgma d Hw$dVrZwgma {dúmï m bm AÜ Z H$aÊ mmr gmo AgVo. 5) {dúmwu MmMUr {dúmwu MwH$bm Va Ë mmr Zm X KoD$Z H$m H«$ mv gwymaum H$aVm ovo. H«$ mpýdv AÜ Z H$m H«$ amzovrb à wi nm è m 7-1) nyd V mar nmr>çkq>h$mmr C{Ôï>o nmr>çkq>h$mg ~ Yr nyd kmz {dúmï m Mo àma {^H$ d A {V dv Z VnmgÊ mgmr>rà m moozomo ñdén BË mxrmm {dmma m ñvamda Ho$bm OmVmo. 2) H$m H«$ boiz - A) KQ>H$m Mo {díbofu nmr>çkq>h$mmo N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm KQ>H$mV énm Va H$aUo. ~) Mm H$Q>r {b{huo - nyd kmz Mm H$Q> AÜ Z Mm H$Q>, Amd Îmr Mm H$Q>, {ZH$f Mm H$Q> BË mxr Mm H$Q>tÀ m àh$mam Mm Cn moj H$éZ mo½ nüxvrzo Mm H$Q>r {b{huo. H$) H$m H«$ mmo g nmxz Mm Jë m H$m H«$ mmo {ZH$f bjmv KoD$Z V ma Ho$bobm H$m H«$ VnmgyZ KoUo. nmr> A{^H«${ V H$aÊ mmo àh$ma 8-1) aoir A{^H«$ - m àh$maà m A{^H«$ mmm CX²JmVm ~r.e ²$.pñH$Za Amho. m Ü o AÜ Z Mm H$Q>rZ Va Or àíz Mm H$Q> AgVo Ë mvrb àízmà m CÎmamMm ns>vmim {dúmï m g KoÊ mmr gmo AgVo. 2) emór A{^H«$ - m àh$maà m A{^H«$ mmm OZH$ Zm Z H«$mD$S>a Amho. m Ü o AÜ Z Mm H$Q>rZ Va Or àíz Mm H$Q> AgVo. Ë m Ü o {dúmï m Zo MwH$sÀ m

CÎmamMm n m {ZdS>bm Va Ë m n m m Ü o MyH$ H$er Amho ho gm {JVbo OmVo. H$mhr doir ~amo~a n m mh$s>o OmÊ mgmr>r A{YH$ m{hvr {Xbobr AgVo. {dúmwu ~amo~a n m {ZdS>Ê mmm à ËZ H$aVmo. {dúmï m Zo ~amo~a n m {ZdS>bm VaM Ë mbm nwt>à m nm arh$s>o OmVm ovo. AÜ ZmH$[aVm J±¾oZo gm {JVboë m ZD$ gm mý AZwXoeZ ~m~r 9-1) AZwXoeZmMm ñdrh$ma H$aÊ mh$[avm AÜ ZH$Ë m Mo bj doyuo. 2) AÜ ZmMr C{Ôï>o AÜ ZH$Ë m g gm JUo. 3) nyd kmz AmR>{dÊ mg gm JUo. 4) MoVH$ åhuoom Ame Mo gmxarh$au H$aUo. 5) AÜ ZmH$[aVm mj Xe Z nwa{duo. 6) AÜ ZH$Ë m g à{vgmx XoÊ mg gm JUo. 7) AÜ ZH$Ë m À m à{vgmxmg àë m^au nwa{duo. 8) AÜ ZH$Ë m À m à{vgmxmmo yë m H$Z H$aUo Am{U AÜ Zmg CÎmoOZ XoÊ mh$[avm àë m^au XoUo. 9) j Vm À m gm mý rh$aumh$[avm {d{dy gamdm Mr CnbãYVm H$éZ XoUo. ~hþ mü AÜ ZmMr ~moymë H$ CnnÎmr 10 - MULTIMEDIA SENSORY LONG TERM PRESENTATION MEMORY WORKING MEMORY MEMORY Words Ears selecting Sounds organizing Verbal words words Model integrating Prior Knowledge Picture Eyes selecting Images organizing Pictorial images images Model Raw Materials Knowledge Construction CnnÎmrÀ m nm è m - AmH $Vr H«$ m H$ 2.1 ~hþ mü AÜ ZmMr ~moymë H$ CnnÎmr 1) gmxa Ho$boë m Ame mvyz qh$dm H$WoVyZ g ~ {YV eãxm Mr {ZdS> H$aUo.

2) gmxa Ho$boë m {MÌmVyZ g ~ {YV {MÌm Mr {ZdS> H$aUo. 3) {ZdS>boë m eãxm Mo gwg JV empãxh$ nwz àñvwvrh$aumv g KQ>rH$aU H$aUo. 4) {ZdS>boë m {MÌm Mo gwg JV Ñí nwzà ñvwvrh$aumv g KQ>rH$aU H$aUo. 5) Ñí d empãxh$ nwz àñvwvrh$au Am{U nyd kmzmmo EH$ÌrH$aU H$aUo. 2.4.2 V ma H«$ mpýdv AÜ Z H«$ nmr> d CAI H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm -embo ñvamdarb {d{dy {df mgmr>r V ma Agbobo H«$ mpýdv AÜ Z H«$ nmr> d ~momamv embo ñvamdarb {d{dy {df mgmr>r CnbãY Agbobo VgoM MS-CIT (Maharashtra State-Certificate in Information Technology) Aä mgh«$ mgmr>r {dh${gv Ho$bobm CAI H$m H«$ m Mm Aä mg H$éZ g ~ {YV CAI H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm bjmv KoVë m. H«$ mpýdv AÜ Z H«$ nmr> - Jmo..~m ~bo, g MmbH$, {ejuemó g ñwm, nwuo-30 m Zr àmw{ H$ ñvamgmr>r H$mhr H«$ nmr> àh$m{ev Ho$bobo AmhoV. m H«$ nmr>m n H$s B Îmm 4 Wr Vo 7 dr Yrb {dkmz {df mvrb Oo KQ>H$ (CXm.d pµ³vh$ Amamo½, OrdZgËdo, IéO, nq>h$s, nmo{bamo, ~mbg JmonZ BË mxr) Amamo½ {eju m {df mer g ~ {YV AmhoV Aem H«$ nmr>m Mm Aä mg Ho$bm. m H«$ nmr>mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm Imbr XoÊ mv Ambobr AmhoV. d {eîq>ço - 1) H«$ nmr>mà m win ð>mda J«m ru ^mjmvrb VrZ {dúmwu ds>mà m PmS>mÀ m nmamda ~gyz Aä mg H$arV Agbobo {MÌ Amho, VgoM H«$ nmr>mmm ñva (B Îmm 4 Wr Vo 7 dr) d KQ>H$mMo Zmd {Xbobo Amho, åhuoom win ð>mda C oi Ho$boë m KQ>H$mMm g ~ {YV ñvamdarb {dúmï mªzr ñd AÜ Z H$aUo Agm mmm AW ñnï> hmovmo. 2) àë oh$ KQ>H$mgmR>r ñdv Ì H«$ nmr> {Xbobm Amho.

3) H«$ nmr>mà m gwédmvrbm {dúmï mªzm H«$ nmr>mà m gmhmæ mzo ñd AÜ Z H$aÊ mg ~ YrÀ m gymzm {Xboë m AmhoV. 4) H«$ nmr>mmo ñdén d dmnaê mg ~ Yr {ejh$m Zm gymzm {Xboë m AmhoV. 5) H«$ nmr> gmos>{dê mgmr>r {dúmï mªmo Ano{jV àma {^H$ dv Z {Xbobo Amho d Ë mda AmYm[aV dñvw{zð> d bkwîmar àíz Agbobr àma {^H$ dv Z H$gmoQ>r {Xbobr Amho. {ejh$m Zr m àma {^H$ H$gmoQ>rÀ m AmYmao {dúmï mªh$s>rb Ano{jV àma {^H$ dv Z Vnmgm Mo Amho. 6) H«$ nmr> gmos>{dë mz Va {dúmï mªh$s>rb Ano{jV A {V dv Z {Xbobo Amho d Ë mda AmYm[aV dñvw{zð> d bkwîmar àíz Agbobr A {V àma {^H$ dv Z H$gmoQ>r {Xbobr Amho. {ejh$m Zr m A {V H$gmoQ>rÀ m AmYmao {dúmï mªh$s>rb Ano{jV A {V dv Z ~Xb Vnmgm Mo Amho. 7) KQ>H$mVrb bhmz bhmz CnKQ>H$m Ü o {d^mjur H$éZ Ë mdarb àíz AmoirZo H«$ nmr>m Ü o {Xbobo AmhoV. 8) H«$ nmr>mv nyvu àíz d {Ûn m r àíz m àh$mammo dñvw{zð> àíz AmhoV. H$mhr {R>H$mUr AmH $Ë m {Xboë m AmhoV d Ë mda AmYm[aV nyvu àíz qh$dm {Ûn m r àíz {dmmabobo AmhoV. àízm Mr CÎmao ns>vmiyz nmhê mmr gmo r Ho$bobr Amho. 9) H«$ nmr>mvrb gd àíz H$mù m a JmV d CÎmao bmb a JmV {Xbobr AmhoV. 10) H«$ nmr>mvrb Ajam Mo Q> H$boIZ àmw{ H$ ñvamh$arvm mo½ Ago Amho. m Xm - 1) m H«$ nmr>m Ü o Ame mmm ^mj H$moR>ohr {Xbobm Zmhr. 2) H«$ nmr>m Ü o {Ûn m r àízmnojm nyvu àízmdam OmñV ^a {Xbobm Amho, VgoM BVa àíz àh$mam Mm {dmma Ho$bobm Zmhr.

3) H«$ nmr>mv AmH $Ë m da AmYm[aV àízàh$mammm dmna A{Ve H$ r Ho$bobm Amho. 4) H«$ nmr>mvrb àízmmo CÎma àízmeoomarb ñv ^m Ü om {Xbobo Agë mzo {dúmwu {dmma Z H$aVm Vo CÎma nmhÿz {b{hê mmr eµ³ Vm Amho. 5) H«$ nmr>mv Zo ³ m H$moUË m B ÎmogmR>r d dfm À m nmr>çh«$ mgmr>r {Xbobo AmhoV Vo df {Xbobo Zmhr. 6) H«$ nmr>mmo àh$mez df {Xbobo Zmhr. CAI H$m H«$ - ZdZrV Q>m n ñh$moaa d ~r.nr.~r. ~hþ mü m Zr embo ñvamdarb {d{dy {df mgmr>r VgoM hmamï > kmz hm S>i m {XVZo MS-CIT (Maharashtra State- Certificate in Information Technology) Aä mgh«$ mgmr>r CAI H$m H«$ {dh${gv Ho$bobo AmhoV. A) ZdZrV Q>m n ñh$moaazo hmamï > amá S>imÀ m Aä mgh«$ mda AmYm[aV B J«Or mü mà m Imbrb {df m gmr>r V ma Ho$bobm CAI H$m H«$ mmm Aä mg Ho$bm. 1) {dkmz ^mj EH$ - B Îmm Zddr 2) {dkmz ^mj XmoZ - B Îmm Zddr 3) ^yjmob d AW emó-b Îmm Zddr 4) OmJ{VH$ ^yjmob - B Îmm AmR>dr 5) ^mavr B{Vhmg - B Îmm AmR>dr m CAI H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm Imbrb à muo AmhoV. d {eîq>ço - 1) H$m H«$ mmr {d^mjur àñvmdzm, Ame, Mb{MÌo, àíz ~±H$, H$moS>r, w½ rh$au àíz, gì MmMUr, à{vgmxmmm Ahdmb mà muo Ho$bobr Amho. EImÚm ^mjmda p³bh$ Ho$bo AgVm Ë m ^mjmvrb gd KQ>H$m Mo AÜ Z H$aVm ovo. 2) Ame mbm AZwgéZ CXmhaUo, AmH $Ë m d AmboI {Xbobo AmhoV. 3) H$mhr AmH $Ë m d AmboIm Zm A {Z oeýg Ho$bobo Amho.

4) Amdí H$ Ë m {R>H$mUr mo½ Ë m gymzm {Xboë m AmhoV. 5) àíz ~±H$ VgoM n{hë m d Xþgè m gì MmMUrVrb àíz dñvw{zð> d bkwîmar ñdénmmo AmhoV. 6) dñvw{zð> àízm Mr CÎmao {b{hê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho. 7) àízm Mr CÎmao ns>vmiyz nmhê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho. m Xm - 1) A {Z oq>os> AmH $Ë m d AmboIm Mo à mu Iyn H$ r Amho. 2) EH$mM CnKQ>H$mMm Ame, AmH $Ë m d Ë mdarb àíz EH${ÌV Zgë mzo gdmª Ü o gwg JVVm dmq>v Zmhr. 3) àíz ~±Ho$Vrb àízm Mr g» m H$ r Amho. 4) H$m H«$ m Ü o ÜdZr {Xbobm Amho, nu Ë mmo à mu IynM H$ r Amho. ~) ~r.nr.~r. ~hþ mü, {Zf ßbmPm, 20 AÝgmar amos>, X m J O, Zdr {X r m Zr B.7 dr Vo 12 dr À m {dúmï mªh$arvm {dkmzmvrb ^m {VH$emó, agm Zemó d Ordemó m emim gmr>r B J«Or mü mvyz V ma Ho$bobm CAI H$m H«$ mmm Aä mg Ho$bm. m H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm Imbrb à muo AmhoV. d {eîq>ço - 1) H$m H«$ mmr {d^mjur KQ>H$m à muo Ho$bobr Amho. KQ>H$m Imbr CnKQ>H$m Mr Zmdo H«$ dma {Xbobr AmhoV. CnKQ>H$m da p³bh$ Ho$bo AgVm Ë mmo AÜ Z H$aVm ovo. 2) àë oh$ CnKQ>H$mMr C{ÔîQ>ço {Xbobr AmhoV. 3) àë oh$ CnKQ>H$mMr gwédmv àñvmdzozo Ho$bobr Amho. 4) Ame mbm AZwgéZ CXmhaUo, AmH $Ë m d AmboI {Xbobo AmhoV. 5) ~è mm AmH $Ë m d AmboIm Zm A {Z oeýg {Xbobo Amho. 6) ^m {VH$emómVrb J{UV Ioim À m ñdénm V {Xbobr AmhoV.

7) Amdí H$ Ë m {R>H$mUr mo½ Ë m gymzm {Xboë m AmhoV. 8) VmpËdH$ ^mjmà m AÜ ZmZ Va dñvw{zð> d bkwîmar àíz {Xbobo AmhoV. 9) dñvw{zð> àízm Mr CÎmao {b{hê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho. 10) àízm Mr CÎmao ns>vmiyz nmhê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho. m Xm - 1) g JUH$mÀ m ns>úm Yrb WmoS>çmM ^mjmv H$m H«$ {XgVmo, Ë m wio Ajam Mm AmH$ma d AmH $Ë m Iyn bhmz dmq>vmv. 2) {d{eï> B ÎmoMm nmr>çh«$ {dmmamv Z KoVm, B Îmm gmvdr Vo ~mamdrn ªVÀ m {dúmï mªgmr>r H$m H«$ Ho$bobm Agë mzo gd M B Îmm Yrb gd M {dúmï mªzm gd M gimob m{hvr g Oob Ago Zmhr. 3) H$m H«$ m Ü o H$moR>ohr ÜdZr {Xbobm Zmhr. H$) hmamï > kmz hm S>i m {XV m Zr MS-CIT (Maharashtra State- Certificate in Information Technology) OmZodmar 2007 m Aä mgh«$ mgmr>r {dh${gv Ho$boë m CAI H$m H«$ mmm Aä mg Ho$bm. m H$m H«$ mmr d {eîq>ço d m Xm Imbrb à muo AmhoV. d {eîq>ço - 1) KQ>H$m Mr gwb^ m S>Ur Ho$bobr Amho. 2) H$m H«$ m Ü o CËH $ï> {ZdoXZ Ho$bobo Amho. 3) gamdmgmr>r dñvw{zð> àíz {Xbobo AmhoV d CÎmao {b{hê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho. 4) àízm Mr CÎmao ns>vmiyz nmhê mmr gmo Ho$bobr Amho.

m Xm - Aä mgh«$ nyu H$aÊ mgmr>r VrZ {hý mà m H$mbmdYrMr m Xm bjmv KoD$Z AÜ ZmMo doimnìh$ V ma Ho$bobo Amho nu H$ r AÜ Z j Vm Agboë m {dúmï mªgmr>r ñdv Ì Aer H$moUVrhr gmo Ho$bobr Zmhr. nwñvho$ - (1) Naik J.P., Syed Nurullah, 6th Edition (1974), A student's History of Education In India, (1800-1973), Madras : Macmillan India Limited 11. (2) mü { H$ emim YyZ m H$mimV ^mavr qh$dm B J«Or ^mfm YyZ nmímmë {df {eh${dbo OmV hmovo. Ë m wio ^mavr g moordzmda Oo XÿaJm r n[aum Pmbo Ë mmo AË V gwaoi du Z Oo.nr. ZmB H$ m Zr Amnë m nwñvh$mv Ho$bo Amho. Vo g J«dU Z owo XoVm ouo e³ Zmhr nu Ë m Zr gm {JVbobo H$mhr R>iH$ n[aum m nwñvh$m Ü o m S>bo Amho. 4 (3) H$P ZÀ m e j{uh$ YmoaUmnmgyZ gah$mamo à ËZ mü { H$ {ejumà m JwUdÎmm {dh$mgmà m {XeoZo gwé Pmbo. Ë m Ñï>rZo 1993 À m JìhÝ Q> aopmoë yez Ü o nwt>rb {e $maer Ho$ë m AmhoV. (1) Á m WmoS>çm gah$mar emim AmhoV, Ë m À mv gwymaum H$amdr. (2) mü { H$ emim À m AZwXmZmV dmt> H$amdr. (3) {ejh$ à{ejh$ g ñwm Mr g» m dmt>dmdr. (4) Á m àxoemv Amdí H$Vm Amho VoWo gah$mar mü { H$ emim gwé H$amì mv. m {e $maet wio 1882 Z Va Á m emim gah$mar {Z ÌUmImbr hmoë m Ë m VemM am{hë m. AZwXmZmV dmt> Pmë m wio mü { H$ emim Mr g» mhr dmt>br. Ë mm~amo~a JwUdÎmmdmT>rÀ m à ËZm wio JwUdÎmm H$mhr à mumv dmt>br. (4) g nyu {ejunüxvrda {Q >H$À m narjomm njs>m Amho. {Q >H$ narjov Zmnmg hmoumè m Mo à mu mor>o Amho. Aer {ZarjUo haq>m J g{ VrZo Ho$br

AmhoV. ho Q>miÊ mgmr>r g{ VrZo Á m à wi {e $maer Ho$ë m AmhoV. Ë m åhuoo- mü { H$ ñvamda {d{dy àh$mamo Aä mgh«$ gwé H$amdoV. mü { H$ ñvamz Va n m r Aä mgh«$ gwé H$amdoV åhuoo {dúmwu ì mdgm{ H$ qh$dm Am Úmo{JH$ {ejumh$s>o divrb. (5) e j{uh$ YmoaUmV Imbrb VËdm Zwgma {ejummm {dh$mg H$aÊ mda ^a Amho. 1) mü { H$ ñvamda {Ì^mfm gyìmmm Adb ~ 2) H$m m Zw^d/g mogodm m Mm {ejummo A{d^mÁ A J åhuyz ñdrh$ma 3) embo ñvamda {dkmz{eju d g emoyzmda ^a 4) yë mnz d narjmnüxvrmr gwymaum 5) mü { H$ ñvamda Vm {ÌH$ d ì mdgm{ H$ {ejummr gmo 6) H«$sS>m, Ioi m Mm {dh$mg 7) 10+2+3 m e j{uh$ AmH ${V~ YmMm ñdrh$ma 2) ^mavr {eju Am moj AWdm H$moR>mar {eju Am moj (1964-1966) 12 -A) ^mav gah$mazo S>m. S>r.Eg. H$moR>mar m À m AÜ jvoimbr 14 Owb 1964 amoor EH$m {eju Am mojmmr Zo UyH$ Ho$br. Vo Ë mdoir {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am mojmmo (University Grant Commission) AÜ j hmovo. {ejuvák Oo.nr. ZmB H$ ho ^mavr {eju Am mojmmo g{md hmovo. {ejummm gdmªjru {dmma H$aÊ mgmr>r ^mavr {eju Am mojmmr Zo UyH$ H$aÊ mv Ambr. Am mojmmo AÜ j S>m. H$moR>mar Agë mzo m {eju Am mojmg "H$moR>mar {eju Am moj' Agohr åhuvmv. ^mavmmo amoh$s, gm m{oh$ d Am{W H$ n[adv Z KS>dyZ AmUÊ mh$[avm {ejumgmaio Xþgao mü Zmhr. amï >r {ejummm AmH ${V~ Y, {ejummr mj Xe H$ VËdo Am{U gd ñvamda e j{uh$ {dh$mgmmo YmoaU m{df r emgzmg {e $mag H$amdr Aer emgzmzo Am mojmh$sy>z Anojm ì ³V H$aÊ mv Ambr hmovr.

~) 2 Am ³Q>mo~a 1964 amoor {X r Yrb {dkmz ^dzmv m H$moR>mar {eju Am mojmmo CX²KmQ>Z H$aVmZm ^yvnyd amï >nvr S>m. gd n r amymh $îuz åhumbo hmovo H$s, "" mpr Aer hm{x H$ BÀN>m Amho H$s, ho Am moj {ejumà m àmw{ H$, mü { H$, {dúmnrr>r Am{U Vm {ÌH$ ñvamdarb {ejummm Aä mg H$éZ Aem gymzm H$amì mv H$s, Á m wio Amnë m {eju ì dñwoà m gd ñvammr àjvr hmoê mg XV hmob b.'' ^mavr {eju Am mojmzo "^mavr g ñh $Vr Am{U wë m da AmYm[aV d km{zh$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {ejumzo Amnë m ^mavmmr CÞVr hmod$ eho$b Agm Ñ{ï>H$moZ S>moù mg moa R>odbm. ^mavr {eju Am mojmzo Amnbm {e $maetmm Ahdmb "{eju Am{U amï >r {dh$mg' m ZmdmZo H $Ð emgzmg 29 OyZ 1966 Ü o gmxa Ho$bm. ^mavr {eju Am mojmzo w» V {ejummm {dmma nwt>rb XmoZ A Jm Zr Ho$ë mmo {XgyZ ovo - 1. amï >r C{X²Xï>m er Am{U yë m er {ejummm g ~ Y àñwm{nv H$aUo. 2. g nyu amï >mv g mz H$m nüxvr Am{U ÌUoMm dmna H$aÊ mda ^a XoUo. ^mavr {eju Am mojmmo w» gyì Am{U e j{uh$ JwUdÎmm {dh$mg Am{U {ejummm g» më H$ {dñvma ho hmo. Am mojmzo Amnë m AhdmbmV {eju {dh$mgmmr nmm VËdo {dex Ho$br AmhoV. hr nmm VËdo åhuoo amï >r C{X²Xï>o hmov. 2) H$moR>mar {eju Am mojmzo gm {JVbobr {ejummr C{X²Xï>o - 1. AmYw{ZH$sH$aU 5. bmoh$emhrmo g aju d g dy Z {ejummr C{Ôï>o 2. gm m{oh$ d amï >r EH$mË Vm 4. {eju d CËnmXH$Vm 3. gm m{oh$, Z {VH$, AmÜ mpë H$ wë m Mr OmonmgZm 1) AmYw{ZH$sH$aU -(Modernisation) ^mav Xoe {dh$gzerb Xoe åhuyz AmoiIbm OmVmo. BVa Xoem Mr Or gd joìmv ZoÌXrnH$ àjvr Ho$bobr {XgVo Ë m mzmzo ^mav mjo Agë mmo àë jmg

ovo. mgmr>r BVa Xoem~amo~a nwt>o m Mo Agë mg ^mavmzo AmYw{ZH$ Vm {ÌH$ kmzmmm Cn moj H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. Vm {ÌH$ H$m eë Am{U emór Ñ{ï>H$moZm wio CËnmXZj Vm VgoM OrdZ mzmmm ñva dmt>{duo Amdí H$ Amho. ^mavmmr OrdZnX²YVr, g ñh $Vr Am{U Am{W H$ n[apñwvr m À m mü mvyz AmYw{ZH$sH$aUmMr H$m j Vm nyu Ëdmg Zobr nmhroo. àë oh$ ZdrZ V Ì d Ì m À m dmnamzo mzdr l mmr ~MV H$aUo d Ano{jV Ü o JmR>Uo mgm AmYw{ZH$sH$aU åhuvmv. CXmhaU åhuyz AmnU eovr ì dgm mmo ñdén nmhÿ eh$vmo. eovr ì dgm na namjv nydunmgyz H$aÊ mv ovmo. Ë m wio ^mavmvrb eovr ì dgm mmr pñwvr hbmirmr Pmbobr Amho. na namjv eovr ì dgm mzo Amnbr h[avh«$m Vr XJVrZo gwé Amho. bmoh$m Mr mz{gh$vm ~XbyZ AmYw{ZH$ V ÌmMm d ÌmMm dmna H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. ho gd {ejum wio KSy>Z od$ eho$b. kmzbmbgm, YS>mS>rd Îmr, à mojerb ì ³Vs {ejumvyzm {Z m U hmod$ eh$vo. Ë mgmr>r mo½ AÜ mnznüxvrmr JaO ^mgvo. {ejum wio {dúmï mªà m ZmV {dmmae³vs, {ZU e³vs, d km{zh$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ {Z m U hmod$ eh$vmo, åhuyz {ejummr H$mg YaUo JaOoMo Amho. µ 3) hmamï >mmm H $Vr H$m H«$ gmam e, àmw{ H$ {ejummo gmd ÌrH$aU Am{U gmjavm H$m H«$, embo {eju {d^mj, J«Wmb, w ~B - 13 àmw{ H$ emim Zm ao{s>amo-h$ -H $goq> ßboAg nwa{duo AÜ Z-AÜ mnz à{h«$ m à^mdr Am{U Zmoa OH$ hmoê m Ü o e j{uh$ V ÌkmZ IynM n[aum H$maH$ R>aVo. Ë mñï>rzo J«m ru ^mjmvrb XÿadaÀ m emim n ªV e j{uh$ V ÌkmZ nmohmomdmdo Aer amï >r e j{uh$ YmoaUmV {e $mag Ho$br Amho. emgzmzo AmVmn ªV 33,366 {Oëhm n[afx àmw{ H$ emim Zm ao{s>amo- H$ -H $goq> ßboAg nwa{dbo AmhoV. ñwm{zh$ ñdamá g ñwm À m Caboë m, åhuoo

19,371 àmw{ H$ emim Zmhr H $ÐnwañH $V moozoimbr ao{s>amo-h$ -H $goq> ßboAg nwa{dê mv mdov. m gmyzm wio {ejh$m Zm AmH$medmUr darb e j{uh$ H$m H«$ {dúmï mªzm EoH$dVm ovrb, ñdv EoH$Vm ovrb Am{U e j{uh$ H$m H«$ m da AmYmaboë m Üd{Z{ $VtMm dmna wbm gmr>r Am{U ñdv gmr>r H$aVm ob b. m wio AÜ Z-AÜ mnz à{h«$ m AmZ XXm r Am{U n[aum mh$mah$ hmoê mg XV hmob b. 4) amá Aä mgh«$ AmamIS>m 2010, OrdZ {eju {S>g ~a 2010 - OmZodmar 2011 gwxm {deofm H$, hmamï > amá e j{uh$ g emoyz d à{eju n[afx, nwuo-30 ({dúm n[afx) 14 - A) {ejumv m{hvr V ÌkmZmMm dmna - embo {ejumv m{hvr V ÌkmZmMm Aä mg EH$ ñdv Ì {df åhuyz hmouo Amdí H$ Amho. Ë mmà muo àë oh$ {df mà m AÜ ZmV m{hvr-v ÌkmZmMm Cn moj H$aÊ mmo mj Xe Z d gamd {dúmï mªzm { iob mmr VaVyX H$aUohr Amdí H$ Amho. m ì {V[a³Vhr {ejummo gmd {ÌH$sH$aU d JwUdÎmm{dH$mg m gmr>r m{hvr V ÌkmZ AZoH$ A Jm Zr Cn w³v R>aob. CXmhaUmW - 1) {dúmï mªgmr>r grs>r, S>rìhrS>r d B Q>aZoQ>déZ nmr>çgm{hë VgoM nyah$ gm{hë CnbãY H$éZ XoUo. 2) {dúmï mªgmr>r ñd AÜ Z gm{hë, e j{uh$ Ioi BË mxrhr darb mü mvyz CnbãY H$éZ XoUo. 3) {dúmï mªzm H$Yrhr JaO dmq>ob Voìhm d pµ³vh$ (Aä mgmvrb) e H$m Xÿa H$aÊ mgmr>r, EImXr AdKS> Jmoï>, H $Vr g OyZ KoÊ mgmr>r VÁkm H$adr Am ZbmB Z àízmoîma godm CnbãY H$éZ XoUo. 4) {ejh$m gmr>r Am ZbmB Z mj Xe Z XoUmè m gmb Q>g² gwé H$aUo. 5) {dúmwu, nmbh$, {ejh$ m Zm H$moUË mhr àh$maà m gëë mmr AWdm e j{uh$ XVrMr Amdí H$Vm dmq>ë mg Vo Am ZbmB Z CnbãY H$éZ XoUo.

6) amá ^amvrb {dúmï mªzm EH$ oh$m er g JUH$mÛmao g nh $ gmyê mmr g Yr XoUmao H$m H«$, ñnym BË mxr Am mo{ov H$aUo. 7) nmbh$, {ejh$ m À mgmr>r {df {Zhm d ñva{zhm ZoQ>d{Hª$J CnbãY H$éZ XoUo BË m{x. 8) àë oh$ {dúmï m bm IT Skills ovrb mgmr>r ì dñwm H$amdr. ~) kmzjoìmvrb hëdmà m KS>m mos>r emim d {dúmï mªn ªV VmVS>rZo nmomdê mgmr>r H$m ñdénr ì dñwm - embo Aä mgh«$ d nmr>ç{df mvrb Ame hm gd mý m{hvrda AmYm[aV AgVmo. Aä mgh«$ d nmr>çnwñvh$mv ~Xb hmoê mgmr>r bmjumam H$mbmdYr, AË myw{zh$ g H$ënZm Mo àjv d Jw VmJw VrMo ñdén Aer H$maUo bjmv KoVm AÚ mdv m{hvrmm g mdoe nmr>çnwñvh$mv hmov Zmhr. na Vw {dkmz- V ÌkmZmÀ m joìmv hëdmà m KS>m mos>r hmov AgVmZm Ë m Vrb àoah$, ZmdrÝ nyu, AmìhmZmË H$ ^mj embo {dúmï mªn ªV nmomduohr $ma hëdmmo Amho. hr AÚ mdv m{hvr { idê mgmr>r bmjumè m gw{dym VgoM hr m{hvr {dúmï mªn ªV gmoß m eãxm V nu {~ZMyH$nUo nmomdê mgmr>r ì dñwm àë oh$ emiov Agob Ago Zmhr. ho H$aÊ mgmr>r {ejh$m Zm Amdí H$ AgUmao mj Xe Z d m{hvr doiov nwadê mgmr>r EH$ H$m ñdénr ì dñwm {Z m U H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. m ì dñwoûmam Ë m Ë m joìm Vrb VÁkm À m XVrZo gmoß m eãxm V Am{U {MÌ, a OH$ ñdénmv OJmÀ m {d{dy ^mjm V KS>Umè m hëdmà m KS>m mos>r, g emoyzo, emoy, à ËZ BË mxr ~m~r àmw{ H$ VgoM mü { H$ {dúmï mªn ªV VmVS>rZo nmomdê mv ovrb. Ë mgmr>r {dúmï mªgmr>r m{hvrnyu {Z VH$m{bHo$, ao{s>amo d Q>r.ìhr. H$m H«$, do~gmb Q>g², Am ZbmB Z godm, mo~mb b $moz Aem {d{dy mü m Mm Cn moj H$aVm ob b. mgmr>r BómoÀ m XVrZo EÁ wg Q>Ûmao àmw{ H$ d mü { H$ ñvamda ñdv Ì M Zob H$m m pýdv H$amdoV.

H$) djm Vrb Ano{jV ~Xbm da AmYm[aV {ejh$ à{eju - amï >r Aä mgh«$ AmamIS>m 2005 Am{U ~mbh$m Mm g³vsà m Am{U mo $V {ejummm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z 2009 m Zwgma AmVm Aä mgh«$, nmr>çgm J«r Am{U yë mnz nüxvr Ü o mor>o ~Xb Ano{jV AmhoV. Vo {ejh$m n ªV nmohmomdê mgmr>r à{ejummr na namjv MmH$moar ~Xbmdr bmjob. djm V Ano{jV AgUmè m AÜ Z à{h«$ o Yrb ~Xbm Zm AZwén Ago à{ejummo Xe H$ {ZpíMV H$amdo bmjvrb Am{U Ë mzwgma à{eju H$m H«$ m Mo Am mooz H$amdo bmjob. djm Vrb AÜ ZmgmR>r dmnabo OmUmao gm{hë, {VWo Ano{jV AgUmè m H $Vr, AÜ Z-AZw^d Am{U yë mnz nüxvr m Mm à{ejumv g mdoe H$amdm bmjob, VgoM Oo à{ejumvyz {Xbo Vo djm V dmnabo OmVo qh$dm Zmhr ho Vnmgmdo bmjob. à{ejumgmr>r Q>o{bH$m Ý $aqgj, pìh{s>amo H$m Ý $apýg J m~amo~am B Q>aZoQ> gw{dyomm dmna H$éZ H$m gwé AgVmZm {ejh$m Zm Am ZbmB Z mj Xe ZmMr gw{dym CnbãY H$éZ XoVm ob b. Ë m wio à{ejumgmr>r bmjumam doi, Ame mmr hmoumar hmzr Q>miVm ob b. mü { H$ d Cƒ mü { H$ ñva - 1) mü { H$ d Cƒ mü { H$ ñvamda m{hvr d V ÌkmZ H$m eë m {df mmm g mdoe. ( mü { H$ ñvamda H$m m Zw^d {df 50% Va m{hvr V ÌkmZ H$m eë 50%). 2) emar[ah$ {eju {df mv moj {ejummm g mdoe H$aÊ mv mdm. 3) H$bm AmñdmX ( yë mnz ZgUmam) m {df m Mm A{Zdm åhuyz g mdoe. 4) n m dau {df ñdv Ì Z R>odVm gd M {df m VyZ n m dau g ~ {YV ~m~tmm A V^m d H$aÊ m~m~v Ý m mb rz {ZU mmm g X^ KoD$Z {dmma ìhmdm. 5) Cƒ mü { H$ ñvamda d H$pënH$ ^mfm JQ>mV amr>rà m ~mobr^mfm Mo nmr>çh«$ CnbãY H$éZ ÚmdoV.

{df {Zhm YmoaUmË H$ {e $maer - gm m{oh$ emóo - 1) Cƒ mü { H$ ñvamda gm m{oh$ emóm À m Aä mgmv Cn mo{ov Ñ{ï>H$moZ AmUmdm. Aä mgh«$ mmr gm JS> ì mdgm{ H$ H$m eë mer Kmbmdr. 2) m {df m À m Aä mgh«$ mvyz Ho$di ^anya m{hvr XoÊ meodor B{VhmgmH$S>o nmhê mmr Ñï>r Am{U ^m Jmo{bH$ {dmma Am{U VËdo m Mm Cn moj H$aÊ mmo H$m eë {dh${gv hmoê mà m Ñï>rZo AÜ Z AZw^dm Mr moozm H$amdr. 3) B{Vhmg {df mv àmw{ H$ ñvamda ^yvh$mi Vo dv mzh$mi Aer Aä mgh«$ mmr amzm Agmdr. mà mm OmoS>rbm {Oëhm, amá, Xoe d OJ Aer Aä mgh«$ mmr amzm Agmdr. mü { H$ d Cƒ mü { H$ ñvamda Zdo àdmh, dv mzmmr gimob OmUrd ìhmdr. Aä mgh«$ Cn mo{ov Agmdm. 4) Aä mgh«$ mmr amzm d nmr>çnwñvh$m Mo boiz àh$ënnyah$ Agmdo. àmw{ H$ Vo Cƒ mü { H$ ñvamn ªV {dúmï m bm ñd AÜ Zmg àd Îm H$aUmam Aä mgh«$ Agmdm. 5) amï >r e j{uh$ YmoaU 1986, e j{uh$ AmìhmZmH$Sy>Z H ${V H$m H«$ mh$s>o 15. Vm {ÌH$ d ì dñwmnz{df H$ {eju - 1) JUH$ Ìo hr hëdmmr d gd ì mnr gmyzo Pmbr AmhoV. JUH$ Ì{df H$ {H$ mz kmz d Ë m Mm Cn moj H$gm H$amdm, m {df rmo à{eju hm m ì mdgm{ H$ {ejummm EH$ ^mj Agob. AJXr embo ñvamnmgyz JUH$ ÌmMo kmz XoUmao CnH«$ $ma mor>çm à mumda Am mo{ov Ho$bo OmVrb. 2) ^mavr n[apñwvrà m g X^m V ì dñwmnz{df H$ {ejunüxvrmo n[aerbz H$éZ EVX²{df H$ e j{uh$ H$m H«$ m Mr AmIUr d {Z{ Vr H$aÊ mv

ob b. m Ñï>rZo mý Vm Zgboë m qh$dm Mm Jë m àh$mao ì dñwmnz hmov Zgboë m H$m joìm Mm {deof {dmma Ho$bm OmB b. 3) {deofv wbtgmr>r dg{vj hmmr gmo CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ mv ob b. Ioi, H$bm{Z{ Vr Am{U gm ñh ${VH$ H$m } mgmr>rhr gmo r CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ mv ovrb. 4) V Ì-{ejU d CÚmoJ, g emoyz d {dh$mg g ñwm, J«m ru d gm y{hh$ {dh$mg {df H$ H$m H«$ d nañnanyah$ Ago BVa {eju {d^mj m À mvrb nañna ghh$m {Z m U hmob b, Aem nüxvrmm Adb ~ Ho$bm OmB b. 5) XOm amiê mgmr>r d AÝ mo½ H$maUm gmr>r V Ì{ejU d ì mdgm{ H$ {eju m Mo ì mnmarh$au hmod$ {Xbo OmUma Zmhr. à mu {ZH$f d C{Ôï>o m À m gmhmæ mzo ImOJr d godm^mdr g ñwm À m gmhmæ mzo n m r {eju nüxvrmr AmIUrhr H$aÊ mv ob b. g JUH$sH$aU - g JUH$ ho gd ì dgm m Mm Am{U gm mý OrdZmÀ m joìmvrb EH$ hëdmmo gmyz ~Zbo Amho. m joìmv {d{dy ñvamda {eju Am{U à{eju XoÊ mgmr>r ~è mm mor>çm àumbrmr Amdí H$Vm Amho. ho bjmv KoD$Z ~è mm {eju g ñwm Zm g JUH$mMr gw{dym CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ mv Ambobr Amho. VWm{n gd g ñwm Zm hr gw{dym nwa{dê mgmr>r à ËZ H$aÊ mmr JaO Amho. 6) amï >r Aä mgh«$ AmamIS>m 2005, amï >r e j{uh$ g emoyz d à{eju n[afx, nwuo, {S>g ~a 2009 16. V ÌkmZmMm Cn moj V ÌkmZmMm gw mo½ dmna Ho$ë mg e j{uh$ CnH«$ mmm gd Xÿa àgma, ì dñwmnzmbm JVr { iyz e j{uh$ JaOm d Amdí H$ ~m~t{df r MMm hmov amhvrb. Ogo H$s, {ejh$m À m à{ejumbm nmqr>~m XoÊ mgmr>r djm Vrb

{eh$ê mà m nüxvrbm àmoëgmhz XoUo d Ë mmr ~moy CMbyZ YaÊ mgmr>r à{güxr mü m Mm Cn moj hmod$ eh$vmo. Amnë m JVrZo {eh$vm-{eh$dvm ouo, ñd - AÜ Z, {eh${dê mà m ÛrnÜXVr (dual modes of study) BË mxr gmè m Jmoï>tZm V ÌkmZmÀ m {deofv B Q>aZoQ> d m{hvr V ÌkmZmÀ m à{h«$ o wio $m Xm hmob b. H$Yr Zìho Vmo B Q>aZoQ>À m dmnam wio m m{hvrmm àgma d dmx{ddmx, {^Þ wx²úm da g dmx mbm BV³ m ì mnh$ nmvirda EH$ ñwmz { iuo e³ Pmbo. Img JOa AgUmè m wbm À m e j{uh$ Amdí H$Vm nyvugmr>r H$ënH$ Vm {ÌH$ CnH«$ m Ûmao mo½ gm{hë {Z m U H$aVm ob b. {ejummr ì mnh$ C{Ôï>o d à{h«$ m er V ÌkmZmMr gm JS> ZrQ> KmVbr Jobr nm{hoo, Ë mmm ñdv Ì {dmma H$aUo MwH$sMo R>aob, ho AYmoao{IV H$aUo AË mdí H$ Amho. m nmíd ^y rda V ÌkmZmMm dmna åhuoo {ejh$ d wbm Zm Ho$di Ë mmo {JèhmB H$ qh$dm MmbH$ ~ZdUo mnmgyz dmmdbo nm{hoo d Ë mmr g rjm H$am bm hdr. g dmx Am{U XmoñVr hrm JwUdÎmmnyd {ejummr Jwé{H$ r Amho Am{U VËdmer H$moUË mhr Aä mgh«$ mvrb hñvjon H$aVmZm VS>OmoS> H$am bm ZH$mo. nwñvho$ - 1) wio am.e. d C mr>o {d.vw. (1986), "e j{uh$ g emoyzmmr wbëdo' hmamï > J«W{Z uvr S>i, ZmJnya 17. g emo{yho$bm g emoyz H$aVmZm g X^ J«WmMr hëdnyu XV Pmbr. g emoyz H$aVm Zm AmamIS>m H$gm V ma H$amdm, g ñ m {dymzmmr amzm, n[ah$ënzm H$em àh$mao m S>mdr, J {hvh$m Mr m S>Ur, Ahdmb boiz H$emàH$mao H$amdo Aem àh$maà m AZoH$ wx²úm Mr n[anyu m{hvr g OÊ mg XV Pmbr. g emoyz nüxvr H$moUVr dmnamdr, Z wzm {ZdS> nüxvr Aer {d{dy m{hvr { imbr.

2) ~mnq> ^m.jmo. (1975) ""e j{uh$ g emoyz'' ZwVZ àh$mez, nwuo 18. àñvwv nwñvh$mvyz g ~ {YV g emo{yho$bm àh$aummr m S>Ur H$er H$amdr, g ñ m {ZdS> H$emàH$mao H$amdr, C{Ôï>m Mr m S>Ur, g emoyzmg Amdí H$ m{hvr H$emàH$mao O m H$amdr. m{hvrmo AW {Zd MZ H$emàH$mao H$amdo B.{df r m{hvr àñvwv g X^ nwñvh$mvyz { imbr Amho. 3) Dr. M.B. Buch, rol.ii, fifth survey of Educational Research in India 19. àñvwv I S>mV g emo{yho$bm nyd gm{hë m Mm g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoVm Zm m I S>mMr g emo{yho$g XV Pmbr. {ejumvrb {d{dy ñvamda Pmbobr g emoyzo EH${ÌVnUo Aä mgê mgmr>r m I S>mMo {deof ghmæ Pmbo. 4) q^vms>o {d.am. (2006) ""e j{uh$ g emoyz nüxvr'' (Xþgar Amd Îmr) lr{dúm àh$mez, nwuo 20. àñvwv nwñvh$mmo mj Xe Z ho EImÚm {XnñV ^mgmaio bm^bo. g emoyz H$aV AgVm Zm àë oh$ wôm Aä mgvm Zm g ~ {YV nwñvh$mmm $ma mobmmm hmv^ma bmjbm. 5) MìhmU {H$emoa ( o$~«wdmar 2004) " m{hvr d g àofu V ÌkmZ Am{U e j{uh$ yë mnz' àkm àh$mez, Zm{eH$ 21. " m{hvr g àofu V ÌkmZ' m nwñvh$mv àh$ën AmYm[aV AÜ Z m moozo A VJ V {ejh$ {dúmï mªzm ñd AÜ ZmgmR>r àd Îm H$aÊ mgmr>r g JUH$mÀ m ghmæ mzo H $Vr moozm H$er AmIbr OmVo. m~ôb {ddomz Ho$bo Amho. m Ü o {ejh$ AÜ mnz KQ>H$m er g X^m V AÜ mnz gm{hë nm da nm BªQ> Ü o H$go gmxa H$é eh$vmv m~ôb m{hvr {Xbr Amho. m Ü o {ejh$, Vºo$, àíz Oyfm, MmMÊ m Ago àh$ën g JUH$m da gmxa H$aVmV. {dúmwu ñd yë mnzmgmr>r m àh$ënmmm Cn moj H$é eh$vmv. VgoM "Video Conferencing' m V ÌkmZmMm

AÜ Z à{h«$ ov H$gm Cn moj hmod$ eh$vmo, mmo Ho$bo Amho. m V ÌkmZmÛmao {ejh$ d {dúmwu EH$ oh$m nmgyz Xÿa AgVrb Varhr EH$ oh$m Zm nmhÿ eh$vrb d AÜ Zmg X^m V MMm H$é eh$vrb. VgoM E-learning ~Ôb m{hvr {Xbr Amho. 6) JwU{d^mJUrZwgma g {dymz V³Vm V ma H$aÊ mgmr>r m nwñvh$mmm Cn moj Pmbm. 7) ~ado { Zmjr (1999) g JUH$ {eju, nwuo, ZwVZ àh$mez 22- {dúmï mªmo Zmoa OZmVyZ AÜ Z ìhmdo Vo H $Vr w³v nüxvrzo {eh$mdov mgmr>r g JUH$mda mo½ àh$mao m{hvrmo gmxarh$au H$éZ {dúmï mªn ªV H$ r doimv A{YH$ m{hvr nmohm{dvm ovo. 8) $S>Ho$, moko, Omoer (2001) H$m åß wq>a d B Q>aZoQ>, nwuo w{q>brq>r {H«$EeÝg 23. {ejh$m Zm g JUH$ m ÑH$lmì d à^mdr mü mmm AÜ Z d AÜ mnzmmm XOm d JwUdÎmm dmt>{dê mg Cn moj hmovmo. AënmdYrV A{YH$m e kmz n[aum H$maH$[aVrZo {dúmï mªzm Úmd mmo Pmë mg AÜ mnzm Ü o g JUH$mMm dmna hëdnyu R>aVmo. 2.5 g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm - àñvwv g emoyzmgmr>r g emo{yho$zo ^mavmvrb, ^mavm~mhoarb àë j Ahdmb {Z VH$m{bH$ Am Vaamï >r n[afx d B Q>aZoQ> déz g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoVbm VgoM g ~ {YV nwñvho$, m{gho$, dv mznìo d BVa g X^ J«Wo BË mqxmm AmT>mdm KoVbm. mn H$s gz 1998 Vo 2009 À m Xaå mz Pmboë m H$mhr {ZdS>H$ g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm Imbr XoÊ m V Ambm Amho.

g ~ {YV g emoyz CAI H$m H«$ ñwi ómov nrem.s>r.ñva BVa ^mavmvrb àë j Ahdmb 04 - {Z VH$m{bH$ 02 - Am Vaamï >r n[afx - 01 EHy$U 09 03 ^mavm~mhoarb {Z VH$m{bH$ - - B Q>aZoQ> - 07 EHy$U - 07 EHy$U 19 ^mavmvrb g ~ {YV g emoyz - 2.5.1 CAI H$m H«$ mer g ~ {YV g emoyz - 2.5.1.1 àë j AhdmbmVyZ àmá Pmbobr g ~ {YV g emoyz - 1) Ahmed Noman Abdulkarem Alghami (2008). The effect of using computer and practical display as educational media in teaching physics on the achievement, retension and development of scientific thinking of the secondary school students in Yemen 24." 2) "Akmal, (2008). Improving English speaking skills of psychology students through the use of computer assisted language learning (CALL) 25. 3) "Inamdar, Radhika, (2007). A study of effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction Programme for teaching Geography to Std. VII students from Marathi Medium Secondary Schools in Pune City 26." 2.5.1.2 {Z VH$m{bH$m YyZ àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz - 1) Malliga.T.(2003). Relative effectiveness among Different strategies of computer Mediated multimedia presentation in teaching & Learning of chemistry at higher secondary stage 27. 2) Meera, S. (2000). Relative effectiveness among different modes of computer Based Instruction in Relation to students' Personality traits 28.

2.5.1.3 Am Vaamï >r n[afx Ü o àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz - 1) Mohanasundaram, K. and Jebaraj, P. (June 2007). Effectiveness of e-content in Teaching of physics at Tertiary Level 29. 2.5.1.4 B Q>aZoQ>da àh$m{ev Pmbobo g ~ {YV g emoyz - 1) Traynor, Patrick L. (2008, June 1). Effects of computer-assistedinstruction on different learners 30. 2) Rastogi, Satish & Pawar, Ashok. (2007, May). Computer Assisted learning (CAL) Strategy for Numrical Methods Course an Experiment 31. 3) Patil Anil Tanaji. (2006). Development of Multimedia Instructional System on Computer Education for B.Ed. Pupil Teacher 32. 4) Ruttanathummatee, Suwanna. (2004). Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instrument for Primary School Students: An Experiment Study 33. 5) Intrawong, Opas. (2002). Evolving self - instructional training package on personnel management 34. 2.5.2 ^mavm~mhoarb g ~ {YV g emoyz (B Q>aZoQ>da àh$m{ev Pmbobo) - 1) Izzet, Kara. (2007). The effect of retention of computer assisted Instruction in science education 35. 2) Alain, Senteni. (2004). Mathematics & computer aided learning 36. 3) Morgil, Inci, Yavuz, Soner, Oskay, Ozge Ozalcin & Arda, Secit (2004 December, 6). Traditional & Computer assisted Learning in teaching acids & Bases Under Regional Educational Laboratory Program, Haceltepe University, Faculty of Education, Beytepe-Ankara Turkey 37. 4) Ghaleb, Almekhlafi Abdurrahman. (2004). The effect of computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on United Arab Emirates (UAE) English as a foreign language (EFL) school students' achievement & attitude 38.

5) Chang, Chun-Yen and Tsai chin-chung-(2004). The interplay between different forms of CAI & students performance of learning environment in the secondary science class 39. 6) Karper, Chistine, Robinson, Edward & Monfeserrat, Casado-Kehoe. (2004). Computer assisted instruction & academic achievement in counselor education 40. 7) Hannafin, Robert, D. & Orshay, Wellesley R. (2001). An evalution case study of one high school's use of CBI to improve pass rates on high-stakes tests 41. 2.6 g ~ {YV gm{hë d g emoyzmmm àñvwv g emoyzmgmr>r Pmbobm Cn moj - Aä mgboë m g ~ {YV gm{hë mmm Cn moj CAI H$m H«$ {dh${gv H$aÊ mgmr>r Pmbm. àñvwv g emoyzmmr C{Ôï>o d H$m nüxvr R>a{dÊ mgmr>r VgoM CAI H$m H«$ {dh${gv H$aÊ mgmr>r Aä mgboë m g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm Cn moj Pmbm. 2.7 g ~ {YV d àñvwv g emoyzmmr VwbZm - CAI g ~ {YV g emoyzm Ü o {dúmï mªmm ~wüx m H$, qbj, AÜ Z j Vm, {df m Vrb ~moymë H$ joìmvrb C{Ôï>o, ì pµ³v Ëd, g JUH$ dmnaê mmm H$mbmdYr m Mbm er g ~ {YV {dúmï mªà m AÜ Z g nmxzmda VgoM emiovrb {dúmï mªà m {ZH$mbmda d g JUH$mg ~ Yr Ñ{ï>H$moZmda CAI Mm hmoumam n[aum àm mo{jh$ g emoyz nüxvrà m gmhmæ mzo Aä mgbobm Amho. g ~ {YV g emoyz mü { H$, Cƒ- mü { H$ d {ejuemó nxdr m ñvam er VgoM J{UV, ^m {VH$emó, agm Zemó, Ordemó, ^yemó, g JUH$ {eju, ^yjmob, ^mfm-h$bm, WmB ^mfm, B J«Or ^mfm, g wnxoez {eju d ì dñwmnz m{df m er g ~ {YV AmhoV. CAI g ~ {YV g emoyzm Ü o CAI À m gmhmæ mzo Ho$boë m AÜ mnzmmr VwbZm

nma nm[ah$ AÜ mnz nüxvrer H$aÊ mv Ambobr Amho, VgoM nmq>rb A{Zb (2006) m À m g emoyzm Ü o hr VwbZm CAI ~amo~a H$m n{ìh$m d CAI nmr>monmr> MMm Aer H$aÊ mv Ambobr Amho Va w T>o amolr (2003) m À m g emoyzm Ü o hr VwbZm pìhs>ramo H$m H«$, w{ðv gm{hë d XmoÝhtMo EH$ÌrH$aU Aer Ho$bobr Amho. àñvwv g emoyzmmo dojionu - àñvwv g emoyzmmo BVa g emoyzmnojm Agbobo dojionu nwt>rb à muo - 1) nyd g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoVbm AgVm Ago AmT>ibo H$s, g JUH$ ghmpæ V AZwXoeZ H$m H«$ mda AZoH$ g emoyzo Pmbr AmhoV. na Vw gxa g emoyz g JUH$ ghmpæ V AÜ mnz H$m H«$ mda AmYm[aV Amho. 2) àñvwv g emoyzmv XmoZ g mz JQ> H$aÊ mgmr>r nyd kmzmda AmYm[aV MmMUrMm dmna Ho$bm Amho. 3) àñvwv g emoyzmv Z wzm {ZdS> H$aÊ mgmr>r Ag ^mì Voda AmYm[aV ghovwh$ Z wzm {ZdS> m nüxvrmm dmna Ho$bm Amho. 2.8 g mamon - g ~ {YV g emoyzmmm AmT>mdm KoVë m wio g emo{yho$bm g emoyz g ñ m {ZpíMV H$aÊ mgmr>r Ë mmm Cn moj Pmbm. hm Aä mg H$aVmZm {d{dy J«W, g X^ J«W m Mo AdbmoH$Z Ho$bo Amho. m AmT>mì mz Va g emo{yho$zo m{df mà m g ~ {YV nydu Pmbobr g emoyzo Aä mgbr AmhoV d Ë mmm Jmofdmam {Xbm Amho. nwt>rb àh$aum Ü o g emoyzmmr àë j H$m dmhr {Xbr Amho.

- g X^ - 1) gào, Zrbr m d nmq>rb, àrvr. (2007, OyZ). {ejumvrb {dmmaàdmh (Mm Wr Amd Îmr). H$moëhmnya $S>Ho$ àh$mez. n.h«$.205. 2) {H$Îmm, n.h«$.206 3) {H$Îmm, n.h«$.206 d 207 4) AmoH$, gw Z. (1995). e j{uh$ V Ì{dkmZ ({ÛVr Amd Îmr), nwuo lr {dúm àh$mez. n.h«$.71 d 72. 5) OJVmn, h.zm. (1997, OmZodmar). AÜ Z CnnÎmr d AÜ mnz, nwuo ZyVZ àh$mez. n.h«$.74 d 75. 6) OJVmn, h.zm. (2007). àjv e j{uh$ V Ì{dkmZ Am{U m{hvr V ÌkmZ ({ÛVr Amd Îmr), nwuo {ZË ZyVZ àh$mez. n.h«$.150 d 151. 7) {H$Îmm, n.h«$. 153 d 156 8) {H$Îmm, n.h«$. 158 9) Using Power Point presentations in Teaching Retrieved May 2, 2009 http://cap.warwick.ac.uk/powerpoint/teaching_with_powerpoint_4.ppt. 10) Development into programme instruction. Retrieved May 27, 2009 http://www.starfsfolk.khi.is/solrunb/proginssssf.htm.warwick.ac.uk/ets/ Publication/Guides/Classroom/Powerpoint? docs/power Point 2 Teaching.pdf. 11) Naik J.P., Syed Nurullah, 6th Edition (1974), A student's History of Education In India, (1800-1973), Madras : Macmillan India Limited. Page No.203-210; 207-212; 282; 340-341. 12) ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ Am moj d g rë m, S>m.Ho$. w Kmoa mos>o, {dúmàh$mez, ZmJnya,(n ð> H«$.137 Vo 139) 13) hmamï >mmm H $Vr H$m H«$ gmam e, àmw{ H$ {ejummo gmd ÌrH$aU Am{U gmjavm H$m H«$, embo {eju {d^mj, J«Wmb, w ~B.

14) amá Aä mgh«$ AmamIS>m 2010, OrdZ {eju {S>g ~a 2010 - OmZodmar 2011 gwxm {deofm H$, hmamï > amá e j{uh$ g emoyz d à{eju n[afx, nwuo-30 ({dúm n[afx). 15) amï >r e j{uh$ YmoaU 1986, e j{uh$ AmìhmZmH$Sy>Z H ${V H$m H«$ mh$s>o nmz Z.137 Vo 140 d 244. 16) amï >r Aä mgh«$ AmamIS>m 2005, amï >r e j{uh$ g emoyz d à{eju n[afx, nwuo, {S>g ~a 2009, nmz Z.139-140. 17) wio am.e. d C mr>o {d.vw. (1986), "e j{uh$ g emoyzmmr wbëdo' hmamï > J«W{Z uvr S>i, ZmJnya. 18) ~mnq> ^m.jmo. (1975) ""e j{uh$ g emoyz'' ZwVZ àh$mez, nwuo. 19) Dr. M.B. Buch, rol.ii, fifth survey of Educational Research in India. 20) q^vms>o {d.am. (2006) ""e j{uh$ g emoyz nüxvr'' (Xþgar Amd Îmr) lr{dúm àh$mez, nwuo. 21) MìhmU {H$emoa ( o$~«wdmar 2004) " m{hvr d g àofu V ÌkmZ Am{U e j{uh$ yë mnz' àkm àh$mez, Zm{eH$. 22) ~ado { Zmjr (1999) g JUH$ {eju, nwuo, ZwVZ àh$mez à.h«$. 40-50. 23) $S>Ho$, moko, Omoer (2001) H$m åß wq>a d B Q>aZoQ>, nwuo w{q>brq>r {H«$EeÝg n.h«$.25-30. 24) Ahmed Noman Abdulkarem Alghami (2008). The effect of using computer and practical display as educational media in teaching physics on the achievement, retension and development of scientific thinking of the secondary school students in Yemen."

25) "Akmal, (2008). Improving English speaking skills of psychology students through the use of computer assisted language learning (CALL). 26) "Inamdar, Radhika, (2007). A study of effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction Programme for teaching Geography to Std. VII students from Marathi Medium Secondary Schools in Pune City." 27) Malliga.T.(2003). Relative effectiveness among Different strategies of computer Mediated multimedia presentation in teaching & Learning of chemistry at higher secondary stage.ph.d. Bharathiar University, Indian Educational Abstract. (2006 July). Delhi: NCERT.P.No.10-11. 28) Meera, S. (2000). Relative effectiveness among different modes of computer Based Instruction in Relation to students' Personality traits.ph.d. Indian Educational Abstract. (2006, July). Delhi: NCERT.P.No.14-15. 29) Mohanasundaram, K. and Jebaraj, P. (June 2007). Effectiveness of e- content in Teaching of physics at Tertiary Level. Paper Presentation in International Conference at ST Thomas College of Teacher Education, Pala. 30) Traynor, Patrick L. (2008, June 1). Effects of computer-assistedinstruction on different learners. Retrieved May 27, 2009. www.education inindia.net/download/research_abstracts.pdf. 31) Rastogi, Satish & Pawar, Ashok. (2007, May). Computer Assisted learning (CAL) Strategy for Numrical Methods Course an Experiment. Retrieved May 27, 2009. http://www.itdl.org/journal/may_07/article03.htm. 32) Patil Anil Tanaji. (2006). Development of Multimedia Instructional System on Computer Education for B.Ed. Pupil Teacher. Ph.D. Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Retrieved May 27, 2009. www.educationinindia.net/ download/research_abstracts.pdf. 33) Ruttanathummatee, Suwanna. (2004). Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instrument for Primary School Students: An Experiment Study. Ph.D.South Gujarat University, Surat. Retrieved May 27, 2009. www. educationinindia.net/ download/research_abstracts.pdf.

34) Intrawong, Opas. (2002). Evolving self - instructional training package on personnel management. Ph.D.South Gujarat University, Surat. Retrieved May 27, 2009. www.educationinindia.net/ download/research_abstracts.pdf. 35) Izzet, Kara. (2007). The effect of retention of computer assisted Instruction in science education. Retrieved May 27, 2009. http://www. thefreelibrary.com/the+effect+on+retention+of+computer+assisted+in+ science.a 0193791687. 36) Alain, Senteni. (2004). Mathematics & computer aided learning. Acadamic Exchange Quarterly. U.S.A. (2004, June 22). Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/mathematics+and+computer-aided +learning.-a0121714115. 37) Morgil, Inci, Yavuz, Soner, Oskay, Ozge Ozalcin & Arda, Secit (2004 December, 6). Traditional & Computer assisted Learning in teaching acids & Bases Under Regional Educational Laboratory Program, Haceltepe University, Faculty of Education, Beytepe-Ankara Turkey. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www.rsc.org/education/cerp/issues/2005_1/traditional.asp. 38) Ghaleb, Almekhlafi Abdurrahman. (2004). The effect of computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on United Arab Emirates (UAE) English as a foreign language (EFL) school students' achievement & attitude. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/he+effect+of+ Computer+Assisted+Language+Learning+(CALL)+on+United-a0145516494. 39) Chang, Chun-Yen and Tsai chin-chung-(2004). The interplay between different forms of CAI & students performance of learning environment in the secondary science class. Retrived May 27, 2009 http://www3.interscience. wiley.com/journal/110552510/abstract Science education. 40) Karper, Chistine, Robinson, Edward & Monfeserrat, Casado-Kehoe. (2004). Computer assisted instruction & academic achievement in counselor education. Retrieved May 27, 2009 http://jtc colstate edu/vol 4-1/Karper? Karper.htm.

41) Hannafin, Robert, D. & Orshay, Wellesley R. (2001). An evalution case study of one high school's use of CBI to improve pass rates on high-stakes tests. Retrieved May 27, 2009 http://www.springerlink.com/content/ 387q0p3176233537/? p=e0356cc28c874c 68735f111f2a9c 614&pi=2. ***