Unit Six Test Review 1. Look at the diagram below. Determine if it is primary or secondary succession. Begins with bare rock; no plants have lived there before Bare rock 2. Look at the diagram below and determine if it is primary or secondary succession. What is the pioneer species in this diagram? Annual plants Where would you find the most diversity? Hardwood trees area Secondary succession begins with a layer of soil already present
3. Label each as primary or secondary succession. Volcano forest fire sand dune freshly plowed field primary secondary primary secondary 4. List the steps of primary succession in the correct order. A. Bare rock, B. pioneer species (lichens) C. moss then grasses D. flowers, grasses, shrubs E. small trees F. larger trees, G. climax community 5. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary succession begins from a bare surface where no plants grew before. Secondary succession already has a layer of soil. 6. Look at the picture below. Predict what species would grow on the rock first. Lichens How does this pioneer species break down the rock? Lichens secrete a weak acid that breaks down the minerals in the rocks. Why is this plant called a pioneer species? Lichens are pioneer species since they are the first plants to arrive.
7. A wide variety of plants and animals in their environment describes biodiversity. 8. What is the greatest threat to biodiversity? Loss of habitat 9. An increase in biodiversity will result in a more stable ecosystem. So, the more diverse an ecosystem is, the more stable it is. 10. Biotic would refer to : all the living organisms and the organic matter they produce. Give examples. Trees, mouse, snake (Plants, animals, dead parts of organisms) 11. Abiotic would refer to: all of the physical (nonliving) things that affect organisms in an area Give examples. Water, temperature, sunlight, shelter, soil 12. Put the levels of organization in the correct order. 3 Community, 2 population, 1 organism, 5 biosphere, 4 ecosystem 13. Identify each in the level of organization. Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
14. Would the picture below be a stable or unstable ecosystem? 15. Look at the diagram below. At what point would you find the greatest biodiversity? C A B D A. Point A B. Point B C. Point C D. Point D
16. Adaptations help improve an animal s chances of survival and reproduction. How would an Arctic fox adapt for winter months? Extra layer of fur for insulation, outer layer of fur sheds moisture and protects from wind; fur is lighter in color to camouflage. 17. What adaptations would a pine tree have that is similar to a cactus in the desert? Both have a waxy covering to help conserve water. 18. What adaptation would plants on the floor of the tropical rain forest have? Broad, flat leaves to help absorb the small amounts of sunlight that reach the forest floor. 19. What types of plants are located in the tundra? Small, low growing; dark, hairy leaves to absorb heat; grow in clumps to protect from wind and cold; flowers disk-shaped to collect sunlight 20. Limiting factors controls the number of organisms in a _population. These limiting factors can be biotic or abiotic. 21. Why is competition a limiting factor? In any ecosystem, there is a limited amount of food, water, and living space.
22. A population has reached its carrying capacity when it has reached the largest number of individuals that an environment can support over a long period of time. 23. Landslides and forest fires can be limiting factors since they are natural catastrophic events. 24. How does man qualify as a limiting factor? Name a way that man can be a positive factor in the environment. Man continues to develop and destroy habitats. Man also hunts. But, man is also making strides to put aside areas for conservation and regrowth such as growing ecofriendly plants (xeriscaping) for areas.