The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called ecology.
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is a community.
An example of a primary producers Plants
The algae at the beginning of the food chain are primary producers.
In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike? They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
What animals eat both producers and consumers? omnivores
What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids? energy, biomass, and numbers
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism s life processes, and the rest is eliminated as heat.
A word that means the same thing as consumer is heterotroph.
The repeated movement of water between Earth s surface and the atmosphere is called the water cycle.
Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called scavengers.
an abiotic factor in the environment soil type, rainfall, temperature
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? predators
What is at the base of all ecological pyramids? producers
The movement of organisms into a range is called immigration.
When the death rate is becoming higher than the birthrate the population is in size? decreasing
Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve? exponential
During some kinds of population growth, the size of each generation of offspring is larger than the generation before it. So, as the population gets larger, it grows more quickly. This situation is called exponential growth.
As resources in a population become less available, the population reaches its carrying capacity.
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population grows quickly.
Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a limiting factor.
Competition, crowding, and disease are examples of limiting factor density-dependent
A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of fish in a lake would be limiting factor. density-dependent
is the scientific study of human populations. Demography
An example of a renewable resource is trees.
Resources that cannot be replaced after they are used up is Nonrenewable resource
How would you describe the pollution shown here? point source pollution
The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form acid rain.
The number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area is called species diversity.
species can threaten biodiversity because they can crowd out native species. Introduced
The land and water ecosystems that provide the resources that a person uses and that neutralize that person s wastes is part of that person s ecological footprint.
Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them cells? Robert Hooke
Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that the cell lacks a nucleus, therefore you know it is a prokaryote.
This type of cell enclose their DNA in a nucleus. eukaryotes
Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes
Which organelle function is to store DNA nucleus
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? lysosome
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? ribosome
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use? mitochondrion
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? chloroplast
Function of the is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell cell membrane
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? active transport
The term that describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? homeostasis
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a tissue.
An is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. organ system
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called autotrophs.
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called heterotrophs.
Which letter represents a single thylakoid? C
A is a stack of thylakoids. granum
Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found? in the thylakoid membrane
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? electron carrier
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars.
In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of oxygen.
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas
The Calvin cycle is another name for the light-independent reactions.
What is a product of the Calvin cycle? high-energy sugars
The correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport
Equation for cellular respiration? 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy
What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? glucose and oxygen
a product of cellular respiration? Water and carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires oxygen.
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of ATP molecules. 2
The starting molecule for glycolysis is glucose.
The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide.
These molecules pass highenergy electrons to the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH 2
Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately 36 ATP molecules.
The two main types of fermentation are called alcoholic and lactic acid.
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process? alcoholic fermentation
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body s way of repaying an oxygen debt.