Kinematics v avg = x t a = (v f v i ) t Physics Formula Sheet v f = v i + at x = v i t + 1 2 at2 v f 2 = v i 2 + 2a x g = 9.80 m s 2 S=d/t Projectiles Dynamics Δy = v y t + 1 2 gt2 ΣF = ma ΣF R = ma c Δx = v x t F g = mg a c = v2 Vectors c 2 = a 2 + b 2 Area of Triangle = 1/2bh r Work and Energy W = Fdcosθ P = W t KE = 1 2 mv2 KE i + PE i = KE f + PE f PE g = mgh W net = KE Gravitation and Momentum F g = Gm 1m 2 G = 6.67 x 10 11N m2 d 2 kg 2 Circumference = 2πr p = mv Heat and Thermodynamics Q = mc p T p = Ft Q = ml f m 1 v 1i + m 2 v 2i = m 1 v 1f + m 2 v 2f m 1 v 1i + m 2 v 2i = v f (m 1 + m 2 ) m a c a T = m b c b T Waves v = λf n i sinθ i = n r sinθ r Q = ml v T = 1 f c = 3.0 x 10 8 m s f = 1 T 1 f = 1 + 1 d o d i n s = c v s Electricity M = h i h o = d i d o V = IR F = kq 1q 2 k = 9.0 x 10 9N m2 d 2 C 2 P = I 2 R P = V2 R 1 R eq = 1 R 1 + 1 R 2 R eq=r 1+R 2+ speed of sound in air at 25 = 343 m s speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 10 8m s P = VI I = Q t E = k q r 2
Physics Honors Review for District Final May 2016 Math Skills, Motion 2 questions on interpreting data 1 question on scientific method, difference between theory and law 6 questions on motion, including projectiles, expect graphs 2 questions on scalars v. vectors, vector addition 1) Convert: 5.00 mm to km 2) How many significant digits in each measurement? 0.000325, 475000, 0.0300, 12.0 3) Convert to scientific notation: 0.000325, 475000 4) A baby sitter pushing a stroller starts from rest and accelerates at a rate of 0.500 m/s 2. What is the velocity of the stroller after it has traveled for 285 seconds? 5) A bus slows from 9.00 m/s to 4.00 m/s in 3.00 s. Find the acceleration of the bus and the distance traveled. 6) A cart moving at 14 m/s begins to coast up a hill with a uniform acceleration of -1.4 m/s 2. How far does it travel in six seconds? 7) A bowling ball falls from rest from the roof of a building. What distance does it fall in 2.5 seconds? 8) A ball that is dropped from a bridge is traveling at 24.5 m/s when it reaches the water below. How high is the bridge above the water? 9) For the graph of Marie s Trip to Work, a) What does the slope of the graph mean? b) determine the velocity for each segment (AB, BC, etc) c) determine the average velocity for the entire trip 10) For the velocity v. time graph, a) What does the slope of the graph mean? b) What does the area under the graph mean? c) determine the acceleration for each segment (a, b, etc) d) determine the distance traveled for each segment e) determine the total distance traveled after 13 seconds 11) Label as vector (V) or scalar (S): speed, time, force, velocity, acceleration, distance, displacement 12) A sailboat travels 5.0 km north, turns, and sails 4.0 km south. What is its displacement? 13) A sailboat travels 5.0 km north, turns, and sails 6.0 km south. What is its displacement? 14) A sailboat travels 5.0 km north, turns, and sails 4.0 km east. What is its displacement? 15) A sailboat travels at 20.0 m/s in the direction 30 west of north. Calculate the components of the sailboat s velocity. 1) An arrow is shot at an angle of 30 above the horizontal at a speed of 25 m/s: a) what is its vertical velocity? b) what is its horizontal velocity? c) calculate the time the arrow remains in the air. d) calculate the horizontal distance it travels. 2) A car with a velocity of 10.0 m/s drives off a cliff that is 185 m high: a) how far from the base of the cliff does the car land? b) how long is the car in the air? 3) A shotput is thrown. For the each of the indicated positions of the shotput along its trajectory, draw and label the following vectors: the x-component of the velocity, the y-component of the velocity, and the acceleration. Two of the three vectors never change which ones? 16) Define hypothesis 17) Define controlled experiment 18) Scientific laws are descriptions of. They do not offer! 19) Scientific theories are well supported ; scientific laws are well supported. 20) Theories do/do not become laws; laws do/do not become theories.
Dynamics 3 questions on Newton s Laws, free body diagrams, equilibrium, net force (no inclined planes or forces at angles, no coefficients of friction) 3 questions on Work and power no forces at an angle 3 questions on Momentum and impulse 2 questions on Gravity and Circular motion no satellites 1 question on Kepler s laws explain, no calculations 1 question on 4 fundamental forces in nature 21) State Newton s 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd Laws. 22) Inertia is only related to the of an object! 23) Weight/Mass depends on the gravitational field and in measured in N/kg; Weight/Mass depends on how much matter in an object and is measured in N/kg. 24) A 3.50 kg mass is accelerated across a table at 15.0 m/s 2. Calculate the net force acting on it. 25) A 45.0 kg box is pushed across the floor with a force of 125 N. It moves with a constant velocity of 1.0 m/s. Draw a free body diagram showing all four forces (including friction) acting on the box. What is the friction force acting on the box? What is the normal force acting on the box? 26) A box weighs 3.5 N. What is its mass? 27) A rock of mass 15.0 kg is lifted with a force of 175 N. What is the acceleration of the rock? 28) A man lifts a pail of water, mass 20.0 kg, a distance of 0.50 meters. How much work is done? If he does the work in 4.00 seconds, what is his power output? 29) You push a box 1.15 m along the floor, doing 85 J of work. Assuming no friction, what force do you exert? 30) You push on a door with a force of 50 N. With what force does the door push back? 31) is conserved in ALL collisions; is conserved only in elastic/inelastic collisions. 32) For an object moving at constant speed around the circular path pictured, draw vectors for velocity, acceleration, and centripetal force on the object at points A, B, and C on the circle. 33) A car of mass 1500 kg drives around a circular track of radius 200. m in 150 seconds. Calculate the car s velocity, centripetal acceleration, and the centripetal force acting on the car. 34) A truck of mass 2500 kg moving at 35 m/s crashes into a stationary truck of mass 1400 kg. Their bumpers lock together. At what speed are they moving after the collision? 35) A truck of mass 2500 kg moving at +30 m/s crashes head-on into a truck of mass 1400 kg moving at -20 m/s. After the collision, the 2500 kg truck is moving at +10 m/s. At what speed and in what direction is the 1400 kg truck moving after the collision? 36) A 5.50 kg shotgun fires a 0.050 kg load of rock salt at a speed of 325 m/s. What is the shotgun's recoil velocity? 37) On the diagram of Kepler s 2 nd Law, the areas swept out by the planet close to the sun and far from the sun are. Since the time to cover the distance in orbit is also equal, the planet s speed. Label where in orbit a planet moves fastest and slowest. 38) What is the gravitational force between two 2.50 kg masses that are 10.0 m apart? 39) Compare the gravitational force between two 10.0 kg objects when they are 1.0 m apart to when they are 10.0 m apart.
40) Match the following: A. Gravitational force Strongest of the four; works over short distances within the nucleus of an atom, attractive force between protons and neutrons in an atom B. Electromagnetic force Second strongest of the four forces, works over moderate distances, attractive or repulsive force that exits between any two objects with electric charge. C. Strong nuclear force Third strongest of the four forces, works over even shorter distances within the nucleus of an atom, contributes to the nucleus giving off a particle. D. Weak nuclear force Weakest of the four forces, works over long distances, attractive force between any two objects with mass. Atomic Theory 2 questions on evolution of atomic theory and structure of the atom 41) Match the following: Democritus (400 BC) indivisible bits of matter called atoms J. J. Thomson (1898) plum pudding model. Atoms contain negatively charges electrons in a positively charged matrix. Bohr (1913) Atoms are arranged as a little solar system with electrons orbiting the positively charged nucleus in specific allowed orbits. Quantum model (1924) Electrons surrounding the nucleus do not travel in orbits but exist as clouds called orbitals that define regions in space where there is a high probability of containing the electron. 42) Complete the table: Particle? mass charge Location in atom? 1.673 10-27 kg +1.60 10-19 C 1.675 10-27 kg 0 9.11 10-31 kg -1.60 10-19 C 42) Which two subatomic particles have equal magnitudes of charge? 43) Which two subatomic particles have approximately equal masses?
Energy 3 questions on types of energy, conservation of energy 1 question on potential energy diagram for a pendulum 44) Define gravitational potential energy. 45) A rock of mass 10.0 kg is lifted to a height of 12.0 m. What is its gravitational potential energy? 46) Define kinetic energy. 47) A car of mass 1500. kg travels at 10.0 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? 48) A physics student drops his textbook (mass 3.50 kg) from the roof, a distance of 15.0 m. a) what is the book s potential energy before it falls? b) what is its kinetic energy as it hits the ground? c) what is its speed just before it hits the ground? d) Describe changes in the potential and kinetic energy of the textbook as it falls. Is energy conserved? 49) For the pendulum in the diagram, a. Describe changes in the height of the pendulum as it moves from 1 to 2 to 3. b. Describe changes in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum as it moves from 1 to 2 to 3. c. Describe changes in the velocity of the pendulum as it moves from 1 to 2 to 3. d. Describe changes in the kinetic energy of the pendulum as it moves from 1 to 2 to 3. e. Describe changes in the total energy of the pendulum as it moves from 1 to 2 to 3. f. Label positions 1, 2, and 3 on the graph below. Electricity 1 question on electric fields, forces, potential 4 questions on current, Ohm s Law, power (including circuits) 2 questions on moving charges and magnetic fields 50) An electron has a charge, a proton has a charge. Like charges, unlike charges. 51) Write out the equation for Coulomb s Law. As the size of the charges increases, what happens to the force between them? As the distance between charges increases, what happens to the force between them? 52) Two positive charges of 5.0 x 10-6 C are separated by 0.50 m. What force exists between them? Is it an attractive or repulsive force? 53) The unit volt is equal to: 54) Electric current is the flow of. Electric charge flows from voltage to voltage. 55) The unit ampere is equal to: 56) Write out the equation for resistance. As the length of a wire increases, what happens to resistance? As the thickness of the wire increases, what happens to the resistance of the wire? 57) Write out the equation for Ohm s Law. As current increases, what happens to voltage? As resistance increases, what happens to current? 58) A current of 0.50 A flows through a lamp connected to a 120.0 V power source. a) what is the resistance of the lamp? b) what is the power supplied to the lamp? 59) You are given three resistors, 50 Ω, 100 Ω, and 150 Ω., and a 1.5 V battery. a) Draw an electric circuit with the resistors in series, and calculate the following: V total, I total, R total, V 1, V 2, V 3, I 1, I 2, I 3 b) Draw an electric circuit with the resistors in parallel, and calculate the following: V total, I total, R total 60) Moving charge,, creates magnetic fields
Electromagnetic Spectrum 5 questions on the electromagnetic spectrum and calculations 61) Study the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum MEMORIZE! 62) What type of EM radiation has the longest wavelength? 63) What type of EM radiation has the highest frequency? 64) What type of electromagnetic radiation is the smallest part of the electromagnetic spectrum? 65) All EM waves travel at what speed? 66) For electromagnetic radiation, as wavelength increases, frequency. 67) How is energy related to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation? 68) Red light has a wavelength of 6.4 x 10-7 m; calculate the frequency red light. Waves 1 question on types of waves, reflection, refraction 69) On the diagram, label crest, trough, wavelength for each type of wave: 70) Classify as transverse or longitudinal waves: ocean waves, sound waves, waves on a guitar string, electromagnetic waves. 71) How is frequency related to period? 72) How is the speed of a wave related to wavelength and frequency? 73) What is the wavelength of a sound wave of frequency 150 Hz at 25 C? 74) Draw a diagram showing reflection of a single light ray from a reflective surface. Label the normal, the angle of incidence, and the angle of reflection. How are the two angles related? 75) Define refraction. 76) The the material, the light travels through it.
Mirrors and Lenses 2 questions on mirrors and lenses, ray diagrams, mirror and lens equation 77) What is the relationship between the center of curvature (radius) and focal length for a lens or mirror? 78) Which type of mirror is called a converging mirror? Why? 79) Which type of mirror is called a diverging mirror? Why? 80) Where must an object be located in order for a concave mirror to produce a virtual image? 81) Which type of lens is called a converging lens? Why? 82) Which type of lens is called a diverging lens? Why? 83) Where must an object be located for a convex lens to produce a virtual image? 84) A concave mirror has a focal length of 6.0 cm. A 2 cm tall object is located 9.0 cm from the mirror. a) calculate the location and size of the image. b) is the image real or virtual? 85) An object is 4.0 cm from a convex lens of 6.0 cm focal length. a) calculate the image distance. b) what type of image is this? 86) For each diagram, label the mirror or lens as concave or convex, locate the image (sketch, don t measure), and describe the image (real/virtual, larger/smaller, inverted/upright). Relativity 1 question about relativity 87) According to Einstein s theory of relativity, how does the speed of light change if an observer or a light source is moving? 88) The speed of light is of all frames of reference? 89) If a person riding a bike toward you (you are not moving) at 25 m/s throws a softball toward you at a speed he measures as 15 m/s, what speed do you measure for the softball? 90) If the person were riding a bike toward you at 2.99 10 8 m/s and shone a flashlight at you (light traveling away from the bike rider at 3 10 8 m/s), what would you measure as the speed of the light from the flashlight?