Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY 0610/31 Paper 3 Theory (Core) MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 80 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components. IGCSE is a registered trademark. This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level Certificate. This document consists of 11 printed pages. UCLES [Turn over
Mark schemes will use these abbreviations ; separates marking points / alternatives I ignore R reject A accept (for answers correctly cued by the question, or guidance for examiners) AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual) AVP any valid point ecf credit a correct statement / calculation that follows a previous wrong response ora or reverse argument ( ) the word / phrase in brackets is not required, but sets the context underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted) max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given UCLES Page of 11
1 key name of insect letter 1 (a) (b) body is long and thin body is short and rounded go to go to 3 4 1 correct = 1 mark correct = marks 3 correct = 3 marks 4 or 5 correct = 4 marks (a) (b) body has a spotted pattern body has a plain pattern A. oculatus P. pyralis D E 3 (a) (b) no visible antennae visible antennae C. lunaris go to 4 C 4 (a) (b) body has a striped pattern body has a dotted pattern G. lineatum C. septempunctata A B ;;;; (a) a group of organisms of one species ; living in the same area, at the same time ; (b)(i) phytoplankton / algae ; 1 (b)(ii) limpets / zooplankton / mussels / fish ; 1 (b)(iii) phytoplankton zooplankton fish seagull ; 1 UCLES Page 3 of 11
(b)(iv) starfish 1. (population) increases ;. lack of predators / fewer sharks, to eat starfish ; limpets 3. (population) decreases ; 4. increased predation / more starfish or more octopus to eat them ; 4 (b)(v) (more) hunting ; (named) pollution / contamination ; starvation / decreased food supply / competition for (food) ; disease ; more predators ; habitat destruction ; introduced / alien species ; A. over-harvesting / fishing (for sharks) A. death of starfish / octopus (c) (the) Sun ; 1 (d) (A) condensation ; 4 (B) evaporation ; (C) transpiration / evaporation / evapotranspiration ; (D)precipitation ; UCLES Page 4 of 11
3(a) natural chemical barrier surgical abstinence monitoring body temperature contraceptive pill IUD condom diaphragm female sterilisation vasectomy ;;;; 4 8 correct = 4 marks 7 or 6 correct = 3 5 or 4 correct = correct = 1 1 correct = 0 A IUD in barrier column 3(b) hormones ; 3 ovary ; egg cells ; 3(c)(i) human immunodeficiency virus ; 1 3(c)(ii) transmission breast, milk / feeding ; mother to unborn child / through placenta / birth ; blood / blood transfusion / organ transplants ; injecting drugs / contaminated or sharing needles / contaminated or sharing syringes ; idea of via, vaginal / seminal / sexual, fluids OR sexual intercourse / sex, without a condom (protection) ; UCLES Page 5 of 11
3(c)(iii) control ref. to education ; needle exchange / not sharing needles / use sterile needles / AW ; free / use, condoms / femidoms ; free testing (for individuals) ; A barrier methods / protection, during sex(ual intercourse) screening of, blood / blood products / AW ; antiretroviral / ARV, drugs ; idea of avoiding blood to blood contact ; 4(a) A ; C ; D ; F ; 4(b) fewer / less ; 4 I scent sticky ; heavier / denser ; spiky ; larger ; 4(c) meiosis ; 1 UCLES Page 6 of 11
4(d) where ovules are produced 4 ovary where pollen is produced petal protects the flower when in bud sepal often coloured to attract insects stigma where pollen is deposited ;;;; 5(a)(i) palisade (mesophyll) ; guard (cell) ; 5(a)(ii) chloroplast ; 1 5(b) cell membrane circled ; cytoplasm circled ; 3 minus 1 mark for each additional circled structure nucleus circled ; 5(c) carbon dioxide and water ; 1 UCLES Page 7 of 11
5(d) leaf A bigger / larger, surface (area) OR bigger / thicker / more, mesophyll (layer / cells) ; absorbs more light / more chlorophyll / more chloroplasts / more gas exchange / more stomata ; 6(a) lung cancer infections such as HIV liver damage alcohol tobacco heroin depressant reduces oxygen capacity of the blood ;;; 3 1 mark for each correctly linked drug 6(b)(i) 66 70 ; 1 6(b)(ii) 10(%) ; 1 UCLES Page 8 of 11
6(b)(iii) increases and decreases / after 0 years old it decreases ; 3 peaks in the 16 0 year old age group / AW ; any correct reference to description of fluctuation at 51 65 year olds ; data quote with units ; 6(c) bacterial ; 1 7(a)(i) warm, dry air ; 1 7(a)(ii) 0.4 (mm per min) ;; If no correct answer 4 10 for 1 mark 7(a)(iii) (air bubble) moves, further / faster ; 1 7(b) root (hair cell) ; by osmosis ; UCLES Page 9 of 11
7(c) (water) evaporates ; 3 from (surface of mesophyll) cells ; water vapour diffuses ; through stomata ; 7(d) xylem ; 1 8(a) carbohydrates ; fats / lipids ; protein ; vitamins / named vitamin ; minerals / name mineral ; fibre ; 3 8(b) small intestine ; 1 8(c) (A) ureter ; 3 (B) bladder ; (C) urethra ; UCLES Page 10 of 11
8(d) changes in the body urine volume urine concentration 1 mark for each correct row increase in body temperature increases decreases increases decrease increase in exercise increase in water uptake ;; UCLES Page 11 of 11