LN01-1 Chemistry 324: Transition Metal Chemistry If you need to contact me email is best. I will communicate with you collectively via email. Any time-sensitive material (e.g. information about an upcoming midterm) will be provided with a minimum of 24 hours advance notice. I urge you to get in the habit of checking email daily. Lecture 1: Sept 5/17
LN01-2 Chemistry 324: Transition Metal Chemistry Course materials: Course content (lecture notes, problem sets, additional content, links) will be posted on the course website. Please check the website frequently. The lecture notes are deliberately incomplete and are meant as a starting point for lectures. Ideally you will have read the lecture notes before lecture and then take notes in-class, where additional content will be provided. There is no official required or recommended text for this course. A small collection of textbooks - from which lecture content was drawn - are on 2 hour reserve in the library. I strongly recommend you consult with some of these to supplement in-class content. At times the texts may go into considerably more detail than my lecture notes. The level of detail in my notes is the ultimate authority as to what you need to know for tests/final. If you are not sure, please ask. Problem sets will be posted regularly (~ weekly) on the course website. These problem sets are practice problems and will NOT be graded (so please don t hand them in). Solutions to the problem sets will also be posted.
LN01-3 Chemistry 324: Transition Metal Chemistry For each of the three scheduled tests, the lecture prior to the test date will be a tutorial style session. I will not lecture on new content; instead, I will answer questions that you have about the course content relevant to the test.
LN01-4 Chemistry 324: Transition Metal Chemistry
LN01-5 Chemistry 324: Transition Metal Chemistry What I expect you to know (from Chem 222 or equivalent): Atomic structure basics (Chapter 1, H&S) Basics of molecular orbital theory (Chapter 2, Chapter 5) Symmetry (Chapter 3) Metallic and ionic solids (Chapter 6) Acid-base and aqueous chemistry (Chapter 7) Reduction and oxidation (chapter 8) Introductory aspects of d-block compounds (Chapters 19-20)* *many of the topics in Chem 324 are a significant expansion of the concepts introduced in Chem 222 from these chapters
LN01-6 Equity, Diversity and Inclusion The Department of Chemistry promotes a safe, respectful and inclusive learning and working environment for all members of our community and strives to be a place that is free of discrimination and harassment, sexualized violence and all other acts of violence or injustice. All members of the university community, including faculty members, librarians, staff and students, have rights and responsibilities under, and are expected to familiarise themselves with, the following policies: Human Rights, Equity And Fairness Discrimination and Harassment Sexualized Violence Prevention and Response Resolution of Non-Academic Misconduct Allegations
LN01-7 Rights & Responsibilities RIGHTS Everyone has the right to work, study and participate in university activities in an environment free of discrimination, harassment and sexualized violence Everyone has the right to be treated fairly (procedural fairness) RESPONSIBILITIES Model respectful behaviour Refuse to engage in, or condone, behaviour that is contrary to university policies Actively seek to incorporate principles of respect and consent into all interpersonal and academic relationships at UVic
LN01-8 Support and Resources The Chemistry Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee (Chem EqDI) is here to support all of us. If you have any comments or concerns please contact us at ChemEqDI@uvic.ca or contact any of the committee members listed on the Chemistry website (click on the Equity & Diversity button at the bottom right). The Equity and Human Rights (EQHR) office is a campus-wide resource for all UVic community members, providing education, information, assistance and advice in aid of building and supporting an inclusive campus.
LN01-9 Lecture note Set 1: Cross reference to Inorganic textbooks H&S 4e = Inorganic Chemistry Housecroft & Sharpe, 4e M&T 4e = Inorganic Chemistry Miessler & Tarr, 4e SWORA 7e = Inorganic Chemistry Weller/Overton/Rourke/Armstong, 7e 1 Introduction H&S 4e M&T 4e SWORA 7e Introduction General properties of 19.3, 19.4, 19.2 transition metals 19.5, 21.3 Occurrence 21.2 19.1
Row or Period LN01-10 s-block The periodic table d-block p-block Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 H He 2 3 Li Na Be Mg metalloid line B C N Al Si P O S F Cl Ne Ar 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Du Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr f-block
LN01-11 Parts of the d-block group Also known as triad 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn 4 5 6 row 7 (radioactive) early transition metals (no firm boundary) late transition metals (no firm boundary)
LN01-12 d-block elements intro H&S 20 This course focuses is on mostly the 3d metals, but we will also on occasion compare to 4d and 5d metals. Definitions: d-block vs transition metal or transition element. (why transition? ) mostly used interchangeably. s-block metals (groups 1-2) d-block metals (groups 3-12) p-block metals (groups 13-18)
LN01-13 d-block elements intro H&S 20 Characteristics of transition elements See Table 21.1, H&S High melting/boiling Relatively low I.E. s (see H&S Fig 1.16) Metals find uses in coinage metals, building materials, catalysis Characteristics of compounds containing the transition elements Structurally: lone pairs on d-block metals are generally not stereochemically active More so than other parts of the periodic table, d-block compounds are frequently coloured and/or have magnetic properties Many of the d-block elements can exist in stable compounds in 2 (or more) oxidation states D-block compounds find uses as catalysts, as pigments, and some are very important in life processes.
LN01-14 The d-block elements: occurence H&S 21.2 Abundance of the elements on earth (mass of earth ~ 6*10 24 kg) rank element Wt % Cum. Wt % rank element Wt % 1 O 46 46 11 C 2.0*10-2 2 Si 28 74 12 V 1.3*10-2 3 Al 8.3 82.3 13 Cl 1.3*10-2 4 Fe 5.6 87.9 14 Cr 1.0*10-2 5 Ca 4.1 92.0 15 Ni 7.5*10-3 6 Na 2.36 94.4 16 Zn 7.0*10-3 7 K 2.33 96.7 17 Cu 5.5*10-3 8 Mg 2.09 98.8 18 Co 2.5*10-3 9 Ti 0.57 99.3 19 Sc 2.2*10-3 10 Mn 0.095 99.4 20 Pb 1.5*10-3 See also en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abundance_of_elements_in_earth%27s_crust
LN01-15 The d-block elements H&S 21.2 Occurrence of the elements (not usually as elements but non-molecular solids, especially oxides but also sulfides and other minerals). Usually metal is in a positive oxidation state. Processing involves 1 or more chemical steps to convert to the elemental form Metal naturally occurring forms chemistry to make the element Sc (Sc/Y)Si 2 O 7 Ti TiO 2, TiCaO 3 react with Cl 2 to make TiCl 4, then reduce with Mg V Pb 5 (VO 4 ) 3 Cl, VS 4 convert to V 2 O 5 then reduce with Ca Cr FeCr 2 O 4, PbCrO 4 convert to dichromate (Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) then reduce with C to Cr 2 O 3 and then Cr with Al Mn MnO 2, Mn 3 O 4, MnCO 3 reduce with coke.
LN01-16 The d-block elements H&S 21.2 Metal naturally occurring forms chemistry to make the element Fe oxides (Fe 2 O 3, Fe 3 O 4 ) reduce oxides with H 2 FeS 2 Co CoAsS, (Co/Ni)As 3 reduce with Al or C. Ni NiS, (Ni/Fe) 9 S 8 roast to NiO, then reduce with carbon Cu CuFeS 2, CuS 2, hydroxides roast to CuS, then reduce with O 2 (?) + a few elemental deposits Zn ZnS, ZnCO 3, silicates roast to ZnO, then reduce with C
LN01-17 The d-block elements H&S 21.2 Most of the raw (natural) forms of d-block elements must be processes to form the elements and/or new compounds thereof: Minerals pure element uses compounds (feedstocks)