U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ctur # 3 ignl flow grphs (cont.): ignl-flow grph rprsnttion of : ssiv sgl-port dvic. owr g qutions rnsducr powr g. Oprtg powr g. vill powr g. ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion. Nois owr g qutions If th cs is not for put conjugt tchg cs, th put will lss thn th xiu powr vill fro th sourc. Z iilrly, if th output is not conjugt tchg cs, prt of th powr vill t th output of th plifir will rflctd ck if thr is istch. hrfor, th powr g of n plifir cn dfd t lst thr diffrnt wys s follows: rnsducr powr g Oprtg powr g vill powr g VN powr dlivrd powr vill to thlod fro th sourc powr dlivrd to th lod powr put to th ntwork wo-port Ntwork powr vlil fro th ntwork powr vlil fro th sourc Z OMM (903) ctur #3
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 owr g qutions Voltg ourc plifir ircuit (two-port) od VN * VN * out VN rnsducr owr 3 3 3 (owr dlivrd to th lod) (owr vill fro th sourc) VN OMM (903) ctur #3
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 rnsducr owr Not: It cn lso writtn s out c ( c) Not: Not : out rnsducr owr (pcil s) h two-port ntwork is Uniltrl. his ns tht thr is n output signl t port whn sourc is connctd to port. Howvr, sourc (cus) connctd t port dos not show its rspons (ffct) t port. In trs of scttrg prtrs of th two-port, is qul to zro this cs. out = 0 = 0 out U 0 0 Uniltrl trnsducr powr g. U x x 0 x x * x * OMM (903) ctur #3 3
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 Oprtg owr (owr dlivrd to th lod) (owr put to th ntwork) With th sourc disconnctd VN vill powr g VN VN * out * out out VN out out out out (owr vill fro th ntwork) (owr vill fro th sourc) OMM (903) ctur #3 4
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion Error ox = clud losss nd phs dlys cusd y th ffcts of th connctors, cls, nd trnsitions tht ust usd to connct th dvic undr tst (U) to th nlyzr. ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion = hru, flct, nd. h cl us th thr diffrnt lod connctions t th rfrnc pln for th U, nd sur th -prtrs for ths thr css t th surnt plns. hru onnction is d y dirctly connctg port to port, t th dsird frquncy. flct onnction uss lod hvg lrg rflction cofficint such s nol opn or short. connction volvs connctg ports nd togthr through lngth of tchd trnsission l. It is not ncssry to know th lngth of th l, nd it is not rquird to losslss. For siplicity, w ssu th s chrctristic ipdnc for ports nd, nd tht th rror oxs r rciprocl nd idnticl for oth ports. OMM (903) ctur #3 5
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion (-prtrs trix of th hru) OMM (903) ctur #3 6
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion 0 0 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion roof 0 0 0 OMM (903) ctur #3 7
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion (-prtrs trix of th flct) ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion 0 0 roof 0 OMM (903) ctur #3 8
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion (-prtrs trix of th ) ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion 0 0 l l s th hru cs ut with OMM (903) ctur #3 9
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion () (c) (d) l l () () olvg for 5 unknowns (,,,, nd -l ) ustitut () (), (d) & () hn lit fro () & (d) l l l olv th first for nd sustitut th scond ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion l 4 OMM (903) ctur #3 0
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 OMM (903) ctur #3 ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion Nois Microwv ircuits ynic rng nd sourcs of nois. Nois powr nd quivlnt nois tprtur. Msurnt of nois tprtur. Nois figur of cscdd syst. Nois figur of pssiv two-port ntwork. Nois figur of istchd lossy l.
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 Nois nd ctiv F oponnts Nois is th thrshold for th iu signl tht cn rlily dtctd y th rcivr. Nois powr rcivr will : Introducd fro xtrnl nvironnt through th rcivg ntnn. nrtd trnlly y th rcivr circuitry. Nois Microwv ircuits Nois powr is rsult of rndo procsss such s th flow of chrgs or hols n lctron tu or solid-stt dvic, propgtion through th ionosphr or othr ionizd gs, or, ost sic of ll, th thrl virtions ny coponnt t tprtur ov solut zro. It is dsird to iiz th rsidul nois lvl of rdr or counictions systs, to chiv th st prfornc. OMM (903) ctur #3
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ynic ng lr coponnt its output is dirctly proportionl to th put, nd dtristic, ng tht th output is prdictl fro th put. In rlity no coponnt cn prfor s lr coponnt ovr unliitd rng of put/output signl lvls. Howvr thr is rng of signl lvls ovr which such ssuptions r vlid, this rng is clld th dynic rng of th coponnt. ynic ng out 0 t high puts th plifir will urn h put powr for which is th output is d low tht of th idl plifir Output fro nois vn though you hv no put ypicl vlus of th nois floor is -60 d or -00 d (for coold coponnts) OMM (903) ctur #3 3