Section 5.1 Exercises

Section 5.1 Circles 79 Section 5.1 Exercises 1. Find the distance between the points (5,) and (-1,-5). Find the distance between the points (,) and (-,-). Write the equation of the circle centered at (8, -10) with radius 8.. Write the equation of the circle centered at (-9, 9) with radius 1. 5. Write the equation of the circle centered at (7, -) that passes through (-10, 0).. Write the equation of the circle centered at (, -7) that passes through (15, 1). 7. Write an equation for a circle where the points (, ) and (8, 10) lie along a diameter. 8. Write an equation for a circle where the points (-, ) and (5, 7) lie along a diameter. 9. Sketch a graph of x y 9 10. Sketch a graph of x y 1 1 11. Find the y intercept(s) of the circle with center (, ) with radius. 1. Find the x intercept(s) of the circle with center (, ) with radius. 1. At what point in the first quadrant does the line with equation y x 5 intersect a circle with radius and center (0, 5)? 1. At what point in the first quadrant does the line with equation yx intersect the circle with radius and center (0, )? 15. At what point in the second quadrant does the line with equation y x 5 intersect a circle with radius and center (-, 0)? 1. At what point in the first quadrant does the line with equation y x intersect the circle with radius and center (-1,0)? 17. A small radio transmitter broadcasts in a 5 mile radius. If you drive along a straight line from a city 70 miles north of the transmitter to a second city 7 miles east of the transmitter, during how much of the drive will you pick up a signal from the transmitter? 18. A small radio transmitter broadcasts in a mile radius. If you drive along a straight line from a city 5 miles south of the transmitter to a second city 5 miles west of the transmitter, during how much of the drive will you pick up a signal from the transmitter?

80 Chapter 5 19. A tunnel connecting two portions of a space station has a circular cross-section of radius 15 feet. Two walkway decks are constructed in the tunnel. Deck A is along a horizontal diameter and another parallel Deck B is feet below Deck A. Because the space station is in a weightless environment, you can walk vertically upright along Deck A, or vertically upside down along Deck B. You have been assigned to paint safety stripes on each deck level, so that a foot person can safely walk upright along either deck. Determine the width of the safe walk zone on each deck. [UW] 0. A crawling tractor sprinkler is located as pictured here, 100 feet South of a sidewalk. Once the water is turned on, the sprinkler waters a circular disc of radius 0 feet and moves North along the hose at the rate of ½ inch/second. The hose is perpendicular to the 10 ft. wide sidewalk. Assume there is grass on both sides of the sidewalk. [UW] a) Impose a coordinate system. Describe the initial coordinates of the sprinkler and find equations of the lines forming and find equations of the lines forming the North and South boundaries of the sidewalk. b) When will the water first strike the sidewalks? c) When will the water from the sprinkler fall completely North of the sidewalk? d) Find the total amount of time water from the sprinkler falls on the sidewalk. e) Sketch a picture of the situation after minutes. Draw an accurate picture of the watered portion of the sidewalk. f) Find the areas of GRASS watered after one hour.

Section 5.1 Circles 81 1. Erik s disabled sailboat is floating stationary miles East and miles North of Kingston. A ferry leaves Kingston heading toward Edmonds at 1 mph. Edmonds is miles due east of Kingston. After 0 minutes the ferry turns heading due South. Ballard is 8 miles South and 1 mile West of Edmonds. Impose coordinates with Ballard as the origin. [UW] a) Find the equations for the lines along which the ferry is moving and draw in these lines. b) The sailboat has a radar scope that will detect any object within miles of the sailboat. Looking down from above, as in the picture, the radar region looks like a circular disk. The boundary is the edge pr circle around this disc, the interior is the inside of the disk, and the exterior is everything outside of the disk (i.e. outside of the circle). Give the mathematical (equation) description of the boundary, interior and exterior of the radar zone. Sketch an accurate picture of the radar zone. Sketch an accurate picture of the radar zone by determining where the line connecting Kingston and Edmonds would cross the radar zone. c) When does the ferry exit the radar zone? d) Where and when does the ferry exit the radar zone? e) How long does the ferry spend inside the radar zone?

8 Chapter 5. Nora spends part of her summer driving a combine during the wheat harvest. Assume she starts at the indicated position heading east at 10 ft/sec toward a circular wheat field or radius 00 ft. The combine cuts a swath 0 feet wide and beings when the corner of the machine labeled a is 0 feet north and 0 feet west of the westernmost edge of the field. [UW] a) When does Nora s rig first start cutting the wheat? b) When does Nora s first start cutting a swath 0 feet wide? c) Find the total amount of time wheat is being cut during this pass across the field? d) Estimate the area of the swath cut during this pass across the field?. The vertical cross-section of a drainage ditch is pictured below. Here, R indicates a circle of radius 10 feet and all of the indicated circle centers lie along the common horizontal line 10 feet above and parallel to the ditch bottom. Assume that water is flowing into the ditch so that the level above the bottom is rising inches per minute. [UW] a) When will the ditch be completely full? b) Find a multipart function that models the vertical cross-section of the ditch. c) What is the width of the filled portion of the ditch after 1 hour and 18 minutes? d) When will the filled portion of the ditch be feet wide? 50 feet wide? 7 feet wide?

Section 5. Angles 8 Section 5. Exercises 1. Indicate each angle on a circle: 0, 00, -15, 70, 7,. Indicate each angle on a circle: 0, 15, -15, 80, 7,. Convert the angle 180 to radians.. Convert the angle 0 to radians. 5. Convert the angle 5 from radians to degrees.. Convert the angle 11 from radians to degrees. 7. Find the angle between 0 and 0 that is coterminal with a 85 angle 8. Find the angle between 0 and 0 that is coterminal with a 51 angle 9. Find the angle between 0 and 0 that is coterminal with a -17 angle 10. Find the angle between 0 and 0 that is coterminal with a -100 angle 11. The angle between 0 and π in radians that is coterminal with the angle 9 1. The angle between 0 and π in radians that is coterminal with the angle 17 1. The angle between 0 and π in radians that is coterminal with the angle 1. The angle between 0 and π in radians that is coterminal with the angle 7 15. In a circle of radius 7 miles, find the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 5 radians. 1. In a circle of radius feet, find the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 1 radian.

8 Chapter 5 17. In a circle of radius 1 cm, find the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 10 degrees. 18. In a circle of radius 9 miles, find the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 800 degrees. 19. Find the distance along an arc on the surface of the earth that subtends a central angle of 5 minutes (1 minute = 1/0 degree). The radius of the earth is 90 miles. 0. Find the distance along an arc on the surface of the earth that subtends a central angle of 7 minutes (1 minute = 1/0 degree). The radius of the earth is 90 miles. 1. On a circle of radius feet, what angle in degrees would subtend an arc of length feet?. On a circle of radius 5 feet, what angle in degrees would subtend an arc of length feet?. A sector of a circle has a central angle of 5. Find the area of the sector if the radius of the circle is cm.. A sector of a circle has a central angle of 0. Find the area of the sector if the radius of the circle is 0 cm. 5. A truck with -in.-diameter wheels is traveling at 0 mi/h. Find the angular speed of the wheels in rad/min. How many revolutions per minute do the wheels make?. A bicycle with -in.-diameter wheels is traveling at 15 mi/h. Find the angular speed of the wheels in rad/min. How many revolutions per minute do the wheels make? 7. A wheel of radius 8 in. is rotating 15 /sec. What is the linear speed v, the angular speed in RPM, and the angular speed in rad/sec? 8. A wheel of radius 1 in. is rotating 0.5 rad/sec. What is the linear speed v, the angular speed in RPM, and the angular speed in deg/sec? 9. A CD has diameter of 10 millimeters. The angular speed varies to keep the linear speed constant where the disc is being read. When reading along the outer edge of the disc, the angular speed is about 00 RPM (revolutions per minute). Find the linear speed. 0. When being burned in a writable CD-ROM drive, the angular speed is often much faster than when playing audio, but the angular speed still varies to keep the linear speed constant where the disc is being written. When writing along the outer edge of the disc, the angular speed of one drive is about 800 RPM (revolutions per minute). Find the linear speed.

Section 5. Angles 85 1. You are standing on the equator of the earth (radius 90 miles). What is your linear and angular speed?. The restaurant in the Space Needle in Seattle rotates at the rate of one revolution per hour. [UW] a) Through how many radians does it turn in 100 minutes? b) How long does it take the restaurant to rotate through radians? c) How far does a person sitting by the window move in 100 minutes if the radius of the restaurant is 1 meters?

8 Chapter 5 Section 5. Exercises 1. Find the quadrant in which the terminal point determined by t lies if a. sin( t) 0 and cos( t) 0 b. sin( t) 0 and cos( t) 0. Find the quadrant in which the terminal point determined by t lies if a. sin( t) 0 and cos( t) 0 b. sin( t) 0 and cos( t) 0. The point P is on the unit circle. If the y-coordinate of P is, and P is in quadrant II, 5 find the x coordinate.. The point P is on the unit circle. If the x-coordinate of P is 1, and P is in quadrant 5 IV, find the y coordinate. 1 7 9 8 1 5. If cos and θ is in the th quadrant, find sin. If cos and θ is in the 1 st quadrant, find sin 7. If sin and θ is in the nd quadrant, find cos 8. If sin and θ is in the rd quadrant, find cos 9. For each of the following angles, find the reference angle, and what quadrant the angle lies in. Then compute sine and cosine of the angle. a. 5 b. 00 c. 15 d. 10 10. For each of the following angles, find the reference angle, and what quadrant the angle lies in. Then compute sine and cosine of the angle. a. 10 b. 15 c. 50 d. 150 11. For each of the following angles, find the reference angle, and what quadrant the angle lies in. Then compute sine and cosine of the angle. a. 5 b. 7 c. 5 d. 1. For each of the following angles, find the reference angle, and what quadrant the angle lies in. Then compute sine and cosine of the angle. a. b. c. 5 d. 7

1. Give exact values for sin and a. b. 1. Give exact values for sin and a. b. 17 Section 5. Points on Circles using Sine and Cosine 87 cos for each of these angles. c. d. 5 cos for each of these angles. c. d. 10 15. Find an angle theta with 0 0 or 0 that has the same sine value as: a. b. 80 c. 10 d. e. 05 1. Find an angle theta with 0 0 or 0 that has the same sine value as: a. b. 15 c. 10 d. 7 e. 0 17. Find an angle theta with 0 0 or 0 that has the same cosine value as: a. b. 80 c. 10 d. e. 05 18. Find an angle theta with 0 0 or 0 that has the same cosine value as: a. b. 15 c. 10 d. 7 e. 0 19. Find the coordinates of a point on a circle with radius 15 corresponding to an angle of 0 0. Find the coordinates of a point on a circle with radius 0 corresponding to an angle of 80 1. Marla is running clockwise around a circular track. She runs at a constant speed of meters per second. She takes seconds to complete one lap of the track. From her starting point, it takes her 1 seconds to reach the northernmost point of the track. Impose a coordinate system with the center of the track at the origin, and the northernmost point on the positive y-axis. [UW] a) Give Marla s coordinates at her starting point. b) Give Marla s coordinates when she has been running for 10 seconds. c) Give Marla s coordinates when she has been running for 901. seconds.

88 Chapter 5 Section 5. Exercises 1. If. If. If. If 5. If. If 7 5, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot, then find exact values for sec,csc, tan, cot 7. Evaluate: a. sec15 b. csc10 c. tan 0 d. cot 5 8. Evaluate: a. sec0 b. csc15 c. tan 15 d. cot 150, and is in quadrant II, then find cos, sec,csc, tan, cot 9. If sin 10. If sin, and is in quadrant II, then find 7 cos, sec,csc, tan, cot 11. If cos 1, and is in quadrant III, then find sin, sec,csc, tan, cot 1. If cos 1, and is in quadrant I, then find 5 sin, sec,csc, tan, cot 1. If tan 1. If tan 1, and 0 5, then find sin, cos,sec, csc, cot, and 0, then find sin, cos,sec, csc, cot

Section 5. The Other Trigonometric Functions 89 15. Use a calculator to find sine, cosine, and tangent of the following values: a. 0.15 b. c. 70 d. 8 1. Use a calculator to find sine, cosine, and tangent of the following values: a. 0.5 b. 5. c. 10 d. 195 Simplify each of the following to an expression involving a single trig function with no fractions. 17. csc( t) tan t 18. cos( t)csc t sec t 19. csc t cot t 0. csc t sec t cos 1. sin t tan t. sec t cos 1 cot t. 1 tan t 1 sin. 1 csc t t sin t cos 5. cos t 1 sin t. sin t t t t

90 Chapter 5 Prove the identities sin 7. 1 cos 1 cos 8. 1 cos tan ( t) 1 t 9. secacosa sin atan a 1 tan b 0. tan b x x csc ( ) x x csc sin 1. cosxcot csc sin sin cos. sin cos sec csc csc 1. 1sin csc csc b x. 1cot xcosx secx csc x 1 cos u sin u 5. sin u 1 cos u 1 sin t 1. sec t cos t 1 sin sin cos 7. sin sin cos 1cosA1cosA 8. sin A t cos sin A

Section 5.5 Right Triangle Trigonometry 91 Section 5.5 Exercises Note: pictures may not be drawn to scale. In each of the triangles below, find sin A,cos A, tan A,sec A,csc A,cot A 1.. 10 A 8 A 10 In each of the following triangles, solve for the unknown sides and angles... 7 B c b 0 A 10 c 0 a 5.. 10 A c a 7 B c b 5 7. 8. B a b 5 10 a B b 1 10 9. A -ft ladder leans against a building so that the angle between the ground and the ladder is 80. How high does the ladder reach on the building? 10. A -ft ladder leans against a building so that the angle between the ground and the ladder is 80. How high does the ladder reach on the building?

9 Chapter 5 11. The angle of elevation to the top of a building in New York is found to be 9 degrees from the ground at a distance of 1 mile from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building. 1. The angle of elevation to the top of a building in Seattle is found to be degrees from the ground at a distance of miles from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building. 1. A radio tower is located 00 feet from a building. From a window in the building, a person determines that the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is and that the angle of depression to the bottom of the tower is. How tall is the tower? 1. A radio tower is located 5 feet from a building. From a window in the building, a person determines that the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is and that the angle of depression to the bottom of the tower is 1. How tall is the tower? 15. A 00 foot tall monument is located in the distance. From a window in a building, a person determines that the angle of elevation to the top of the monument is 15 and that the angle of depression to the bottom of the tower is. How far is the person from the monument? 1. A 00 foot tall monument is located in the distance. From a window in a building, a person determines that the angle of elevation to the top of the monument is 18 and that the angle of depression to the bottom of the tower is. How far is the person from the monument? 17. There is an antenna on the top of a building. From a location 00 feet from the base of the building, the angle of elevation to the top of the building is measured to be 0. From the same location, the angle of elevation to the top of the antenna is measured to be. Find the height of the antenna. 18. There is lightning rod on the top of a building. From a location 500 feet from the base of the building, the angle of elevation to the top of the building is measured to be. From the same location, the angle of elevation to the top of the lightning rod is measured to be 8. Find the height of the lightning rod. 19. Find the length x 0. Find the length x 8 9 x 85 50 x

Section 5.5 Right Triangle Trigonometry 9 1. Find the length x. Find the length x 115 119 5 5 x 70 x. A plane is flying 000 feet above sea level toward a mountain. The pilot observes the top of the mountain to be 18 o above the horizontal, then immediately flies the plane at an angle of 0 o above horizontal. The airspeed of the plane is 100 mph. After 5 minutes, the plane is directly above the top of the mountain. How high is the plane above the top of the mountain (when it passes over)? What is the height of the mountain? [UW]. Three airplanes depart SeaTac Airport. A NorthWest flight is heading in a direction 50 counterclockwise from East, an Alaska flight is heading 115 counterclockwise from East and a Delta flight is heading 0 clockwise from East. Find the location of the Northwest flight when it is 0 miles North of SeaTac. Find the location of the Alaska flight when it is 50 miles West of SeaTac. Find the location of the Delta flight when it is 0 miles East of SeaTac. [UW]

9 Chapter 5 5. The crew of a helicopter needs to land temporarily in a forest and spot a flat horizontal piece of ground (a clearing in the forest) as a potential landing site, but are uncertain whether it is wide enough. They make two measurements from A (see picture) finding α = 5 and β = 5. They rise vertically 100 feet to B and measure γ = 7. Determine the width of the clearing to the nearest foot. [UW]. A Forest Service helicopter needs to determine the width of a deep canyon. While hovering, they measure the angle γ = 8 at position B (see picture), then descend 00 feet to position A and make two measurements of α = 1 (the measure of EAD), β = 5 (the measure of CAD). Determine the width of the canyon to the nearest foot. [UW]

Section 5.5 Right Triangle Trigonometry 95