IVL 1101 Surveying - Mesuring Distne 1/5 Distne is one of the most si engineering mesurements Erly mesurements were mde in terms of the dimensions of the ody very old wooden rule - Royl Egyptin uit uits - the distne etween the tip of your middle finger to the elow Typilly to mesure ords nd textiles (nother mesure ws 24 digits or 6 plms) 16 15 14 Fthom - distne etween the tips of your middle finger when your rms re outstrethed (~6 feet) The nme omes from the Dnish fedn, "outstrethed rms." Foot - distne from the tip of mn s ig toe to the heel Rod - the sum of the lengths of the left feet of 16 men (16.5-24 ft.) Ping The ility to pe distne is very useful person n determine their pe y ounting the numer of pes neessry to wlk distne tht hs een previously mesured Imperil mesurement stndrds, Royl Oservtory, Greenwih Determintion of the rod, using the length of the left foot of 16 rndomly hosen people oming from hurh servie. pe is defined s one step stride is onsider two steps
IVL 1101 Surveying - Mesuring Distne 2/5 Ping Mesuring Wheels For enturies engineers hve mesured distnes with ropes, lines, or ords The term hining is rry over from the time when the Gunter hin ws used (1600 s) Gunter's hin ws designed nd introdued in 1620 y English lergymn nd mthemtiin Edmund Gunter (1581 1626) For enturies engineers hve mesured distnes with ropes, lines, or ords The term hining is rry over from the time when the Gunter hin ws used (1600 s) The 66-foot hin is mde of 100 links 7.92 in. long. In 1785 U.S. federl lw stted tht ll government surveys must e done with Gunter's hin mp of uror, Ontrio, nd from 1878, inditing sle of 10 hins to one inh.
IVL 1101 Surveying - Mesuring Distne 3/5 Gunter s hin lies t the origin of the definition of n re. The originl re ws n re of lnd suitle for ploughing with defined mount of work (e.g., ten furrows long, eh furrow eing ten hins, permitting rests of n oxen tem) The word re is derived from Old English æer originlly mening "open field", It mesured one hin y one furlong (totling 10 squre hins). Erly two-lne rods were lid out with hin, resulting in 66-ft. right-of-wy Tpes re ville in lengths up to 1,000 feet; preision of 1/1,000 to 1/5,000 re ommonly otined Eletroni (EDM) EDMs re very useful in mesuring distnes tht re diffiult to ess or long distnes Eletroni (EDM) EDMs mesure the time required for light wve to sent to trget nd refleted k Ping 1/50 to 1/200 Reonnissne Odometer 1/200 Reonnissne Tping 1/1,000 to 1/5,000 Lnd surveys EDM ±0.04 to 1/300,000 ll types of surveying
IVL 1101 Surveying - Mesuring Distne 4/5 Tping over Level Ground If the tping is done over level ground where there is no underrush, the tpe n rest on the ground tping rew onsists of two people: the hed tpeperson nd the rer tpeperson The hed tpeperson tkes one end of the tpe wlks down the line towrds the point If the tping is done over sloping ground where there is no underrush, the tping must e done in setions, referred to s reking the tpe If the distne is more thn 100-ft., then the hed tpeperson ples tping pin t the 100-ft. intervl nd the proess is repeted Holding the tpe more thn five feet ove the ground is diffiult, therefore slopes greter thn 5 ft. per 100 ft. will require runs of less thn 100 ft. Hold the tpe level Use plum o to lote the point Height less thn 5 feet 40 feet 30 feet 35 feet Review of si Trigonometry Review of si Trigonometry For right tringle, let s onsider the si trigonometri funtions. 2 2 2 180
IVL 1101 Surveying - Mesuring Distne 5/5 Review of si Trigonometry Review of si Trigonometry sin( ) os( ) tn( ) Determine the height of flg pole. ssuming tht the ground is level, 250.0 ft. length is mesured out from the se of the steeple nd 20 15' vertil ngle is determined from tht point on the ground to the top of the steeple. tn(20.25 ) h 250.0 ft. h 250.0tn(20.25 ) h 92.2298... ft. 20 o 15 250.0 ft. h 92.23 ft. s End of s