NOAA/NESDIS Tropical Web Page with LEO Satellite Products and Applications for Forecasters Sheldon Kusselson National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Office of Satellite Product and Operations /Satellite Product and Services Division (SPSD) Satellite Analysis Branch SAWS EUMETSAT 2nd Satellite Application Course for Southern Africa Pretoria, South Africa 23-27 April 2012 ftp://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/presentations/other/session4.ppt Merged TPW TPW % of Normal SSMIS F-17 91H SSMIS F-17 37H etrap etrap Probability MSG VIS MSG IR TC Wind Analysis METOP-A ASCAT TRMM 85H AMSU 89
Subjective position estimates of tropical disturbances and cyclones across the globe using LEO satellites with a variety of microwave sensors and channels To compliment and/or supplement EUMETSAT geostationary satellite imagery and conventional observations 2 Value added information to help improve the position and intensity estimates of Tropical Cyclones
FNMOC Satellite Data Tropical Cyclone Home Page for LEO Microwave Fixes of Tropical Disturbances/Cyclones 3 https://www.fnmoc.navy.mil/tcweb/cgi-bin/tc_home.cgi
NRL Tropical Home Page for LEO Microwave Fixes of Tropical Disturbances/Cyclones 4 www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html
5 NOAA/NESDIS SAB Tropical Storm Microwave Position Page http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/ps/trop/mipositions.html A microwave position will be performed all times EXCEPT when GEO VIS and/or IR show an eye or the center is completely exposed TMI 85 GHz (H) TMI 37 GHz (H) 12S Giovanna TMI 85 GHz (H) TMI 37 GHz (H) 13S
Microwave Humidity Sensor (MHS) 89GHz Channel and Color Composite 6 14S Irina N-18 89GHz 1125 UTC 29 Feb 2012 14S Irina N-18 89GHz Color 1125 UTC 29 Feb 2012 Satellites: METOP-A, N-19 & 18 Polarization - Single Scan - Cross Track Resolution: 16 km (nadir) Refresh: 3 to 7 hours Senses scattering of ice Color Composite Red=150GHz Green=89GHz Blue=89GHz Imagery can penetrate thin cirrus canopies and reveal internal storm structure Imagery able to distinguish deep convection, BUT Can not always see low-level circulations when associated with low-level water clouds Imagery better at locating tropical cyclone centers than conventional VIS and IR Offers higher spatial resolution than imagery at lower microwave frequencies Water surfaces and deep convection appear relatively cold Water clouds and moist air masses act to warm brightness temperatures over water
SSMIS 91GHz Horizontal Channel and Color Composite 7 14S Irina F-16 91GHz (H) 1530 UTC 29 Feb 2012 14S Irina F-16 91GHz Color 1530 UTC 29 Feb 2012 Satellites: F-16, 17 and 18 Polarization - Dual (H) (V) Scan - Conical Resolution: 12.5 km Refresh: 9 to 11 hours Senses scattering of ice Color Composite Red=91PCT Green=91H Blue=91V Imagery can penetrate thin cirrus canopies and reveal internal storm structure Imagery able to distinguish deep convection, BUT Can not always see low-level circulations when associated with low-level water clouds Imagery better at locating tropical cyclone centers than conventional VIS and IR Offers higher spatial resolution than imagery at lower microwave frequencies Water surfaces and deep convection appear relatively cold Water clouds and moist air masses act to warm brightness temperatures over water
NASA TMI 85GHz Horizontal Channel and Color Composite 8 14S Irina TRMM 85GHz (H) 1902 UTC 1 Mar 2012 14S Irina TRMM 85GHz Color 1902 UTC 1 Mar 2012 Satellites: Only one Polarization - Dual (H) (V) Scan - Conical Resolution: 10 km Refresh: 10 to 14 hours Senses scattering of ice As far south as 39S Color Composite Red=85PCT Green=85H Blue=85V Lower orbit gives higher resolution;more detail in eyewall and convective bands Imagery can penetrate thin cirrus canopies and reveal internal storm structure Imagery able to distinguish deep convection, BUT Can not always see low-level circulations when associated with low-level water clouds Imagery better at locating tropical cyclone centers than conventional VIS and IR Offers higher spatial resolution than imagery at lower microwave frequencies Water surfaces and deep convection appear relatively cold Water clouds and moist air masses act to warm brightness temperatures over water
9 Graphical Illustration Between Higher (85/89/91GHz) and Lower (37GHz) Frequency Microwave Channels Ice Crystals Ice Crystals seen by 85/89/91GHz Depressed Tb Raindrops Rain seen by 37GHz Elevated Tb
SSMIS 37GHz Horizontal Channel and Color Composite 10 14S Irina F-16 37GHz (H) 1530 UTC 29 Feb 2012 14S Irina F-16 37GHz Color 1530 UTC 29 Feb 2012 Satellites: F-16, 17 and 18 Polarization - Dual (H) (V) Scan - Conical Resolution: 25 km Refresh: 9 to 11 hours Senses low level clouds & rain Color Composite Red=37PCT Green=37H Blue=37V Imagery identifies cirrus-covered eyes Imagery resolves details in the storm core missed by 85-91 GHz Imagery shows regions of low-level clouds and rain Water & precipitating clouds appear warm against cold ocean background Unaffected by ice particles which allows imagery to highlight low-level cloud features and storm structure
NASA TMI 37GHz Horizontal Channel and Color Composite 11 14S Irina TRMM 37GHz (H) 1902 UTC 1 Mar 2012 14S Irina TRMM 37GHz Color 1902 UTC 1 Mar 2012 Satellites: Only one Polarization - Dual (H) (V) Resolution: 25 km Refresh: 10 to 14 hours Senses low level clouds & rain As far south as 39S Color Composite Red=37PCT Green=37H Blue=37V Imagery identifies cirrus-covered eyes Imagery resolves details in the storm core missed by 85-91 GHz Imagery shows regions of low-level clouds and rain Water & precipitating clouds appear warm against cold ocean background Unaffected by ice particles which allows imagery to highlight low-level cloud features and storm structure
METOP-A Wind Speed and Direction 14S Irina METOP-A ASCAT 1906 UTC 29 Feb 2012 Two 500 km swaths Heights of wind speed: 10 m Resolution: 12.5 / 25 km Range of Speed: 0 to 180 kph Most reliable: 0 to 90 kph 0 9 18 28 37 46 56 65 74 83 >93 kph Intensity and location of circulation centers 12 http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/ascat_images/arch_25km/as2012060/zooms/wmbas175.png http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/training/shymet/tropical_ascat_intro.asp http://www.knmi.nl/scatterometer/osisaf/ http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/products/ascat.php
13 METOP ASCAT Winds Overlayed on SSMIS 91GHz Horizonal Channel METOP ASCAT 1926 UTC 25 Jan 2012 on SSMIS 91GHz (H) 1616 UTC 25 Jan 2012 Building Confidence in the Analysis of the Center and Intensity of Funso
14 Comparing LEO Scatterometer and 91GHz (H) with GEO IR METOP ASCAT 1926 UTC 25 Jan 2012 on SSMIS 91GHz (H) 1616 UTC 25 Jan 2012 MSG IR10.8 1800 UTC 25 Jan 2012 Tropical Cyclone Funso
15 Now, You Try to locate the Center LEO Microwave Geostationary IR
16 Now Let s Give You a Harder Analysis
17 Where Is the Center of Funso?
18 Any Better Finding the Center With the SSMIS 37GHz (H)?
19 Any Better Finding the Center With the SSMIS 37GHz Color Composite?
20 How About the AMSU 89GHz?
21 Little Better With the SSMIS 91H?
22 How About the SSMIS 91GHz Color Composite?
23 Oh Yes and there is SSMI F-15 85GHz (H) still alive
24 And the SSMI F-15 85GHz Color Composite
25 Getting Easier with the latest TRMM 85GHz (H)?
26 And with the TRMM 85GHz Color Composite?
27 The last METOP-A ASCAT Pass over Funso was showing a circulation the previous day at 1835 UTC 18 January 2012
28 Looking at Various LEO MW Channels before and after GEO VIS and IR for developing Tropical Cyclone Giovanna 91GHz Color SSMI F-15 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC 91GHz (H) SSMI F-15 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC 37GHz (H) SSMIS F-15 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC METEO-7 IR-BD 09 Feb 2012 1130 UTC METEO-7 VIS 09 Feb 2012 1130 UTC 89GHz NOAA-18 09 Feb 2012 1001 UTC
Looking at Various SSMIS Channels and Comparing With ASCAT, GEO VIS and IR for developing Tropical Cyclone Giovanna 29 91GHz Color SSMIS F-17 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC 91GHz (H) SSMIS F-17 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC 37GHz (H) SSMIS F-17 09 Feb 2012 1308 UTC METEO-7 IR-BD 09 Feb 2012 1300 UTC METEO-7 VIS 09 Feb 2012 1300 UTC METOP-A ASCAT 09 Feb 2012 1738 UTC
30 A Circulation in the Microwave and none in the GEO IR Means You Can See An Eye in the GEO in the next 24-36hrs METEO-7 IR-BD 9 Feb 2012 0030 UTC 91GHz (H) SSMIS F-17 9 Feb 2012 0032 UTC Earliest identification in the MW of a possible circulation center METEO-7 IR-BD 10 Feb 2012 0900 UTC METEO-7 VIS 10 Feb 2012 0900 UTC 89 GHz METOP-A 10 Feb 2012 0446 UTC 33 hrs later a developing center in the GEO IR and VIS
31 A Circulation in the Microwave and none in the GEO IR Can Mean You Will Eventually See A Well-defined Eye in the GEO & LEO METEO-7 IR-BD 9 Feb 2012 0030 UTC 91GHz (H) SSMIS F-17 9 Feb 2012 0032 UTC Earliest identification in the microwave of a possible circulation center METEO-7 IR-BD 10 Feb 2012 1400 UTC 91GHz (H) SSMIS F-16 10 Feb 2012 1428 UTC Finally 38 hrs later a well defined center in the GEO IR and of course the microwave
32 Tropical Cyclone Center Positioning Quandary
33 Dvorak IR
34 Dvorak IR IR Center
35 Vis Center IR Center
36 Vis Center 85GHz Center
37 Tropical Cyclone Center Positioning Quandary Dvorak IR IR Center 85 Center Vis Center
POSITIONING REVIEW (South Indian Ocean) In Visible, easy to follow cloud lines In 37GHz, look for warmer color rain band, in NRL depiction, light green In IR imagery, difficult to follow low level clouds, but easier to see deep cloud bands 38 In 85GHz, look for warmer color rain band, in NRL depiction, deep blue