Some Families of Directed Strongly Regular Graphs Obtained from Certain Finite Incidence Structures

Some Families of Directed Strongly Regular Graphs Obtained from Certain Finite Incidence Structures Oktay Olmez Department of Mathematics Iowa State University 24th Cumberland Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory, and Computing May 12, 2011

Overview 1 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs

Overview 1 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs 2

Overview 1 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs 2 3 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs Obtained from Affine Planes

Overview 1 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs 2 3 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs Obtained from Affine Planes 4 Directed Strongly Regular Graphs Obtained from Tactical Configurations

Directed strongly regular graphs(dsrg) Definition A loopless directed graph D with v vertices is called directed strongly regular graph with parameters (v, k, t, λ, µ) if and only if D satisfies the following conditions: - Every vertex has in-degree and out-degree k. - Every vertex x has t out-neighbors, all of which are also in-neighbors of x. - The number of directed paths of length two from a vertex x to another vertex y is λ if there is an edge from x to y, and is µ if there is no edge from x to y.

DSRG-(8,3,2,1,1)

Tactical Configuration Definition A tactical configuration is a triple T = (P, B, I) where - P is a v-element set, - B is a collection of k-element subsets of P (called blocks ) with B = b, and - I = {(p, B) P B : p B} such that each element of P (called a point ) belongs to exactly r blocks.

The DSRGs from Degenerated Affine Planes Let AP l (q) denote the partial geometry obtained from AP(q) by considering all q 2 points and taking the lines of l parallel classes of the plane.

The DSRGs from Degenerated Affine Planes Let AP l (q) denote the partial geometry obtained from AP(q) by considering all q 2 points and taking the lines of l parallel classes of the plane. Then AP l (q) satisfies the following properties: 1 every point is incident with l lines, 2 every line is incident with q points, 3 any two points are incident with at most one line, 4 if p and L are non-incident point-line pair, there are exactly l 1 lines containing p which meet L. 5 AP l (q) is a pg(q, l, l 1).

Construction of DSRGs from Degenerated Affine Planes Theorem (1) Let D = D(AP l (q)) be the directed graph with its vertex set V (D) = {(p, L) P L : p / L}, and directed edges given by (p, L) (p, L ) iff p L. Then D is a directed strongly regular graph with parameters: (lq 2 (q 1), lq(q 1), lq l + 1, (l 1)(q 1), lq l + 1).

Affine Plane of Order 2

Antiflags

Antiflags - A = (L 1, p 2 ) - B = (L 1, p 4 ) - C = (L 2, p 1 ) - D = (L 2, p 3 ) - E = (L 3, p 3 ) - F = (L 3, p 4 ) - G = (L 4, p 1 ) - H = (L 4, p 2 )

DSRG(8,4,3,1,3)

New Graphs From Partial Geometries The new graphs given by these constructions have parameters (36, 12, 5, 2, 5), (54, 18, 7, 4, 7), (72, 24, 10, 4, 10), (96, 24, 7, 3, 7), (108, 36, 14, 8, 14), (108, 36, 15, 6, 15) listed as feasible parameters with v 110 on Parameters of directed strongly regular graphs by S. Hobart and A. E. Brouwer at http : //homepages.cwi.nl/ aeb/math/dsrg/dsrg.html.

An Interesting Example Arising From Projective Planes Let P be the point set of this projective plane. - For a point p P, let L p0, L p1,..., L pn denote the n + 1 lines passing through p. - Set B pi = L pi {p} for i = 0, 1,..., n, - Then with B = {B pi : p P, i {0, 1,..., n}}, the pair (P, B) forms a tactical configuration with parameters: (v, b, k, r) = (n 2 + n + 1, (n + 1)(n 2 + n + 1), n, n(n + 1)).

Construction of DSRG by Using Projective Planes Theorem (2) Let D be the directed graph with its vertex set V = {(p, B pi ) P B : p P, i {0, 1,..., n} and adjacency defined by (p, B pi ) (q, B qj ) if and only if p B qj. Then D is a directed strongly regular with the parameters (v, k, t, λ, µ) = ((n + 1)(n 2 + n + 1), n(n + 1), n, n 1, n)

DSRG-(21,6,2,1,2) Obtained from Fano Plane

DSRG-(21,6,2,1,2) Obtained from Fano Plane 1 23, 45, 67 2 13, 46, 57 3 12, 56, 47 4 15, 26, 37 5 14, 36, 27 6 17, 35, 24 7 16, 25, 34

A General Idea 1 Consider the (ls + 1)-element set P = {1, 2,..., ls + 1}. 2 For each i P, let B i = {B i1, B i2,..., B is } be a partition of P \ {i} into s parts (blocks) of equal size l. 3 Let B = ls+1 i=1 B i = {B ig : 1 g s, 1 i ls + 1}. Then the pair (P, B) forms a tactical configuration with parameters (v, b, k, r) = (ls + 1, s(ls + 1), l, ls).

Theorem (3) Let D = D(T ) be the directed graph with its vertex set and adjacency defined by V = {(g, B) : B B g, g P} (g, B) (g, B ) if and only if g B. Then D is a directed strongly regular graph with the parameters: (v, k, t, λ, µ) = (ls 2 + s, ls, l, l 1, l).

Non-Isomorphic two DSRG-(10, 4, 2, 1, 2)

DSRG-(10, 4, 2, 1, 2) Let l = 2 and s = 2. - F be the set of tactical configurations. - Consider the action of S 5 on F - T σ 1 = T 2 if and only if V (T 1 ) σ = V (T 2 ) where V (T ) σ = {(i σ, (B ij ) σ ) : i P, B ij B} with natural action on B ij.

The Block Sets of the Representatives of Seven Orbits i B(T 1 ) B(T 2 ) B(T 3 ) B(T 4 ) B(T 5 ) B(T 6 ) B(T 7 ) 1 23, 45 23, 45 23, 45 23, 45 23, 45 23, 45 23, 45 2 13, 45 13, 45 13, 45 14, 35 13, 45 13, 45 13, 45 3 12, 45 14, 25 12, 45 15, 24 14, 25 14, 25 14, 25 4 12, 35 12, 35 12, 35 13, 25 12, 35 12, 35 13, 25 5 12, 34 12, 34 13, 24 12, 34 14, 23 13, 24 14, 23

Stabilizers and the Size of Orbits for the Action of S 5 on F T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 D 8 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 5 C 4 C 2 C 2 D 10 15 30 60 6 60 60 12

New Graphs from Tactical Configuration The new graphs obtained from tactical configurations by similar methods have parameters: (45, 30, 22, 19, 22), (54, 36, 26, 23, 26), (72, 48, 34, 31, 34), (75, 60, 52, 47, 52), (81, 54, 38, 35, 38), (90, 30, 11, 8, 11), (90, 60, 44, 38, 44), (99, 66, 46, 43, 46), (100, 40, 18, 13, 18), (108, 36, 13, 10, 13), (108, 72, 50, 47, 50), (108, 72, 52, 46, 52), (108, 90, 80, 74, 80) listed as feasible parameters with v 110 on Parameters of directed strongly regular graphs by S. Hobart and A. E. Brouwer at http : //homepages.cwi.nl/ aeb/math/dsrg/dsrg.html

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