Ny bassengmodellering for Barentshavet Ute Mann SINTEF Petroleumsforskning www.og21.no
Barents Sea - Challenges 7 different play types Carboniferous Tertiary Uplift and erosion Tilting, reactivation of faults Presence of source rock Salt issue Timing and magnitude of events: uplift and erosion salt movements http://www.npd.no SINTEF Petroleum Research 2
Barents Sea - Challenges Vast area Complex area low data density How can basin modelling help? process-based modelling concept testing uncertainty quantification http://www.npd.no SINTEF Petroleum Research 3
How can basin modelling help? Improve prediction of trapped petroleum phases and volumes Burial history Thermal and maturity modelling Source-rock Source-rock modelling maps (OF-Mod) Expulsion modelling Fluid flow simulation Pressure modelling Work flow in a petroleum systems modelling study Calibration Sensitivity Uncertainty SINTEF Petroleum Research 4
Barents Sea - Challenges Source rocks Hekkingen Fm. Kobbe Fm. Ørret Fm. Chang. Wuch. Nøttvedt et al. 1982 SINTEF Petroleum Research 5
OF-Mod 3D Organic Facies/Source-rock Modelling Al-Hajeri & Al Saeed, 2009 Process-based forward modelling of organic sedimentation allows to predict pre-burial source-rock potential and type away from well control SINTEF Petroleum Research 6
OF-Mod 3D Organic Facies/Source-rock Modelling Process-based simulation considering all relevant processes for the deposition and preservation of organic matter in a marine sedimentary basin Quantitative prediction of source-rock potential and -type away from well control Input and calibration with depth maps and analytical data from well samples Output 3D grids and maps of source-rock thickness, pre-burial TOC and HI, used as input to generation and expulsion model. SINTEF Petroleum Research 7
Input data The OF-Mod models are based on: Surface maps (seismic geometries) describing top and base of source-rock interval Palaeo-bathymetry reconstructions Sea level curve (eustatic or regional) SINTEF Petroleum Research 8
WELL_99 VSH Input data Information from well(s): Datings or sedimentation rates Sand/shale/carbonate ratio Bulk density of sediment Total organic carbon (TOC) Rock-Eval data (HI, Tmax) Nice to have Biomarker data stable C isotopes (d 13 C) Microscopy data (maceral distribution or palynofacies analysis) SINTEF Petroleum Research 9
Results: Hekkingen Fm. Calibration wells Total Organic Carbon SINTEF Petroleum Research 10
Results: Hekkingen Fm. Average Thickness HI Average TOC SINTEF Petroleum Research 11
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Nucula NYSLEPP AND MÅSØY FAULT COMPLEXES http://www.npd.no SINTEF Petroleum Research 12
E R E R R E E Stratigraphy and events Carrier levels Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Ørret Formation Stø Formation Three marine source rock levels Hekkingen Formation Kobbe Formation Ørret Formation Chang. Wuch. Rifting (R) Erosion (E) Nøttvedt et al. 1982 SINTEF Petroleum Research 13
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Cross section Hammerfest Basin N S Ohm et al. 2008 SINTEF Petroleum Research 14
Maturity of petroleum source rocks Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Ohm et al. 2008 SINTEF Petroleum Research 15
Maturity modelled @ 0Ma Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Hekkingen Fm. Kobbe Fm. R o (%) Ohm et al. 2008 Ørret Fm. SINTEF Petroleum Research 16
Sources of oils Southern Loppa High Loppa High Hammerfest Basin Hammerfest Basin (Snøhvit) Bjarmeland Platform Dataplots Ohm et al. 2008 ETR = [(C 28 +C 29 )/T s ] SINTEF Petroleum Research 17
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Objective Influence/contribution of older Palaeozoic source rocks Numerical modelling approach Test impact on secondary migration in a Jurassic carrier (Stø Fm.) by incorporating a Permian source rock Quantify influence Monte Carlo simulation strategy SINTEF Petroleum Research 18
SEMI Input data Present-day regional depth maps Seafloor Base Quaternary Base Tertiary Base Cretaceous Upper Jurassic Top Havert Base Triassic Intra Lower Permian 20 time steps Geochemistry Source rock identification Maturity Petroleum characterization Oil-source rock correlation Oil-oil correlation Palaeo-structural maps Burial history reconstruction Erosion and uplift, thermal model Erosional maps Palaeobathymetry Palaeostructural Reconstruction Source rock modelling (OF-Mod) Source rock distribution/thickness TOC maps HI maps 3 facies types 3 source rocks Basin modelling (SEMI) Maturity Expulsion Migration Accumulation 2 carrier systems SINTEF Petroleum Research 19
SEMI work flow in a petroleum systems modelling study Burial history Thermal and maturity modelling Palaeowater depth modelling Source-rock Source-rock modelling maps (OF-Mod) Expulsion modelling Fluid flow simulation Pressure modelling Improve prediction of trapped petroleum phases and volumes Calibration Sensitivity Monte Carlo SINTEF Petroleum Research 20
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Petroleum system model setup Three source rocks Ørret Fm. (Late Permian) Kobbe Fm. (Middle Triassic) Hekkingen Fm. (Late Jurassic) Migration loss Caprock leakage Fault leakage Calibration HC traces and shows Accumulations 100 34 Ma Ørret Fm. Ørret Fm. Hekkingen Fm. Stø Fm. 0.2 1.0 oil 0.5 1.0 gas 0.1 0.9 oil 0.1 0.9 gas 0 0.6 oil 0.1 0.9 gas Kobbe Fm. 100 34 Ma Capillary leakage Carrier rock Fault leakage Expulsion Source rock SINTEF Petroleum Research 21
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Monte Carlo Concept Scenario A Scenario B 1000 runs for each scenario Thermal and maturity modelling Expulsion modelling Petroleum migration simulations Weight simulations with existing HC columns Compute probablistic HC columns Maps of mean HC columns After Sylta 2004 SINTEF Petroleum Research 22
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Monte Carlo uncertainty parameters Temperature (surface) For each source rock TOC (Gaussian distribution) HI (Gaussian distribution) Thickness (Gaussian distribution) Expulsion efficiency Saturation parameters For each carrier rock Net/gross ratios Porosity Expulsion fractions into carrier Capillary leakage rates Fault leakage parameters SINTEF Petroleum Research 23
Sensitivity analysis of multi-source rock petroleum systems Scenario A Mesozoic source rocks SINTEF Petroleum Research 24
Weighted mean oil-column heights in Stø Fm. using Mesozoic source contributions Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula m SINTEF Petroleum Research 25
Probability of oil-column heights in Stø Fm. using Mesozoic source contributions Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula % SINTEF Petroleum Research 26
Weighted mean gas-column heights in Stø Fm. using Mesozoic source contributions Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula m SINTEF Petroleum Research 27
Probability of gas-column heights in Stø Fm. using Mesozoic source contributions Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula % SINTEF Petroleum Research 28
Scenario B Palaeozoic + Mesozoic source rocks SINTEF Petroleum Research 29
Weighted mean oil-column heights in Stø Fm. including Ørret Fm. source contribution Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula m SINTEF Petroleum Research 30
Probability of oil-column heights in Stø Fm. including Ørret Fm. source contribution Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula % SINTEF Petroleum Research 31
Weighted mean gas-column heights in Stø Fm. including Ørret Fm. source contribution Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula m SINTEF Petroleum Research 32
Probability of gas-column heights in Stø Fm. including Ørret Fm. source contribution Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Hammerfest Basin 7124/3-1 Måsøy Fault Complex Nucula % SINTEF Petroleum Research 33
Oil migration Stø Fm. at 40 Ma Hammerfest Basin Nyslepp Fault Complex 7125/1-1 Sm 3 /(km 2 *Ma) Måsøy Fault Complex Mesozoic and Palaeozoic source input Nucula 7125/1-1 Mesozoic source input 7124/3-1 Nucula SINTEF Petroleum Research 34
Gas migration Stø Fm. at 40 Ma 10 3 Sm 3 /(km 2 *Ma) Hammerfest Basin Nyslepp Fault Complex Måsøy Fault Complex Mesozoic and Palaeozoic source input Nyslepp Fault Complex Mesozoic source input Måsøy Fault Complex SINTEF Petroleum Research 35
Conclusion Mesozoic source rock potential explains gas entrapments insufficient to account for oil entrapments Kobbe Fm. source rock is the dominant Mesozoic HC contributor Hekkingen Fm. not mature enough Kobbe & Hekkingen fms. do not provide sufficient HC for long distance HC migration out of the Hammerfest Basin Palaeozoic (Ørret Fm.) source rock input is important Input via faults with southward spill direction The modelling approach supports unravelling complex oil-gas migration and spill interactions within multiple source rock petroleum plays