Earth Science 11 Learning Guide Unit 1 Name: 1-1 Tools of the Astronomer 1. Both astrology and astronomy study stars. But how are they different? 2. Research the development of the telescope. Summarize your researching by listing 5 events you believe to be key developments of the telescope and explain why you think it was important. Year Inventor Discovery Your reasons for the choice ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 1 of 11
3. Optical telescopes. Complete the following paragraph about optical telescopes with the following terms, may be used once only or not at all. Light gathering reflecting climate controlled objective improving resolution mirror magnifying images temperature flat mirror refracting ocular body distortion curved mirror The two types of optical telescopes are a) and b). Both types have three functions c), d), and e). Optical telescopes are f) to prevent g) in the mirrors and lenses due to changes in h). 4. Use the following Venn diagram to show the similarities and differences between the two types of optical telescopes: In each circle sketch and label the parts of one type of telescope and write a quick explanation of how that type of telescope works (point form is fine) Write the terms that are common to both in the area where the circles overlap. Refer to the terms in Question 3 to help you complete this Venn diagram ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 2 of 11
5. In each row of the following table you are given two locations for a telescope. Circle or underline the better of the two choices Provide reasons in the second column to explain your choice. Location The Rockies or the prairies Reason A city (like Vancouver) or unsettled area Dry desert or a rainforest 6. Using the Internet, find information on refracting and reflecting telescopes. Discuss the two advantages and two disadvantages of the reflecting and refracting telescope. Use the table to help you organize your answer: 2 advantages 2 disadvantages Refracting Telescopes Reflecting Telescopes 7. Explain how a radio telescope is different from optical telescopes in terms of the information it gathers or find, and its advantages and disadvantages? 8. In one or two paragraphs explain what a spectroscope is and how it is used in astronomy. Be sure to include the terms: spectrum, absorption lines, emission spectrum. ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 3 of 11
1-2 Constellations 9. What is a constellation? 10. What are circumpolar constellations and when are they visible? 11. The following table shows pictures of 4 of the following 6 constellations: Cassiopeia Hydrus Gemini Cephus Libra Cancer Research these constellation on the internet and complete the table by providing the correct name, and indicating whether it is Northern or Southern constellation Image Name North/South ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 4 of 11
1-3 Stars and Star Properties 12. Astronomers use Astronomical Unit and Light Year for distance. Complete the table below with the necessary information about these two units of distance. Distance in km Written description of the distance Astronomical Unit Light year 13. Compare and contrast parallax and triangulation. 14. An astronomer is using a spectroscope to study an object in space. He takes a series spectral readings and they are recorded as follows: ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 5 of 11
a) What happens to the spectral lines between i. Measurement 1 and Measurement 2? ii. Between 2 and 3? b) Between Measurement 1 and 2, what is happening to waves of the light coming from the object? c) What is the term used to describe the phenomena exhibited between the first 3 measurements? d) Describe what is happening to the spectral lines and the waves between Measurements 3 and 6. e) Explain which combination of measurements show the object moving towards the astronomer? f) The position in the situations in the following diagram is when the first measurement was taken. Explain which is a possible of the object. ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 6 of 11
15. Use this diagram to answer the questions that follow: a) What is the above diagram called? b) What is measured on the y-axis? c) What is measured on the x-axis? d) Is the measurement on the axis increasing or decreasing as you move left to right? ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 7 of 11
16. This table shows the luminosity and temperature of several stars. Plot each star s location on the chart above and label it. Use the Hertzsprung- Russell in your lesson to determine which stellar class each star belongs to. Star Temperature Luminosity Class Star A 10000 10-3 Star B 2500 10 3 Star C 20000 10 3 Star D 10000 10 6 1-4 Stellar Types and Life Cycles 17. Complete this diagram of nuclear fusion by inserting the correct term into the blanks. 18. In point form or a series of sketches, outline the process of star formation from the nebulae stage to the Red Giant stage. Be sure to include the following terms: Nuclear fusion gravitational pull protostar gases ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 8 of 11
19. Use this table to explain how the mass of a star will determine its end. In the 2 nd column describe the process the star will undergo. In the 3 rd column state the end product In the 4 th column list some of the characteristic of the end product. Star s mass Process What results Core ~ the Sun s mass Core >1.4x Sun s mass Core ~ 2-3x Sun s mass Characteristics 1-5 Other Celestial Objects and the Origins of the Universe 20. What are galaxies? 21. What galaxy are we in? Describe its size and shape. ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 9 of 11
22. Galaxies can be classified into one of three types. Complete the follow table to summarize the three class of galaxies Galaxy Type Sketch of how it looks Brief description of this type of galaxy 23. How do quasars differ from stars? ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 10 of 11
24. What is the Big Bang Theory and when did it happen? 25. This diagram shows the size of the universe over time. Which of the two situations shows: A closed universe Momentum is greater than gravity Results in a Big Crunch Will have a cycle of expansion and contraction Gravity is stronger than momentum Will result in another Big Bang Situation For the above diagram, sketch the next stage of the universe s development. ES11LG-Unit 1 Page 11 of 11