Title: Dec 5 8:12 AM (1 of 29)

Title: Dec 5 8:12 AM (1 of 29)

Title: Dec 5 8:12 AM (2 of 29) Section 5.5, pages 184 187

Metals and Nonmetals Two major groups of elements are the metals and the nonmetals. Look at the examples below. Which ones are metals? Nonmetals? How can you tell? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (3 of 29)

1 H Hydrogen 3 4 Li Na K Rb Be Lithium Beryllium 11 12 Mg Sodium Magnesium 19 20 Ca Potassium Calcium 37 38 Sr Rubidium Strontium Sc Scandium Y Yttrium Ti Titanium Zr Zirconium Periodic Table of the Elements Most of the elements are metals. They are listed on the left side of the table. Nonmetals are on the right side. The far right are a special group called the inert gases, or noble gases. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 V Vanadium Nb Niobium Cr Chromium Mo Molybdenum Mn Manganese Tc Technetium Fe Ru Ruthenium Co Rh Rhodium Ni Pd Cu Ag Zn Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Cd Palladium Silver Cadmium 5 6 7 8 9 10 B Al Ga In C Si Ge Sn N P As Sb O 13 14 15 16 17 18 Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus S Sulfur Se Te F Cl Chlorine 31 32 33 34 35 36 Br 50 51 52 53 54 I 2 He Helium Ne Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Ar Argon Kr Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Xe Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 55 56 Cs Ba Cesium Barium 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 La Hf Ta W Re Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Os Ir Pt Au Hg 81 82 83 84 85 86 Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 87 88 Fr Ra Francium Radium 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium The noble gases are special nonmetals that are very unreactive...in other words, they almost never react with other elements. 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Cf Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Title: Periodic table (4 of 29)

Metals and Nonmetals Two major groups of elements are the metals and the nonmetals. Property Metals Nonmetals lustre malleability conductivity reactivity with acid state at room temp. Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (5 of 29)

Metals and Nonmetals Which element appears with the metals, but usually acts as a nonmetal? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (6 of 29)

Atomic Structure What do you already know about the structure of atoms? (Brainstorm) LokenTimer2.swf Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (7 of 29)

Parts of an Atom There are two main areas in an atom. The center of the atom, where almost all of the mass is located, is the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by an electron cloud. Nucleus Electron cloud Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (8 of 29)

Parts of an Atom We said that, even though an atom is the smallest particle which keeps its properties, it is not the smallest particle of matter possible. Atoms are made up of three smaller particles. What are they? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (9 of 29)

Parts of an Atom What do you already know about protons, neutrons, and electrons? See if you can fill in the following chart: Particle > Proton Neutron Electron Location > Electric Charge > Relative Size (AMU) > Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (10 of 29)

Atomic Structure Every element is made up entirely of atoms with a specific number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. All of the atoms of any element will have the same structure. Exactly what is the structure of atoms in each element? This is what we will be discussing next. Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (11 of 29)

Atomic Structure Turn to the periodic table in the back of your book. Every element is made up entirely of atoms with a specific number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. All of the atoms of any element will have the same structure...in other words, the same number of protons, neutrons*, and electrons. *Actually, the number of neutrons can vary slightly even among atoms of the same element...we'll cover that shortly. Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (12 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table Atomic number Symbol 17 Cl Element name 35.453 Chlorine Relative atomic mass Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (13 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus. This number will not change for any element. (If there is a different number of protons, it isn't the same element anymore!) Electrons The number of electrons will be the same as the number of protons. Why is this? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (14 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table Relative Atomic Mass The atomic mass is the average mass for an atom of the element listed. Not all atoms of the same element have identical atomic mass. Why? What do we call atoms of the same element with different atomic mass? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (15 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table Neutrons The atomic mass is approximately equal to the total number of protons and neutrons. So, the number of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. (Unless a specific isotope mass number is given, just round the atomic mass for this) Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (16 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table 17 Cl For example, in chlorine, the atomic number is 17. This means there are 17 protons. How many electrons are there? The atomic mass is 35.453 35.453 Chlorine This rounds to 35. How many neutrons are there in an average chlorine atom? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (17 of 29)

Title: Feb 18 2:35 PM (18 of 29)

Reading the Periodic Table Isotopes are written with the specific mass number of the isotope given. For example, an some chlorine atoms have 19 neutrons, instead of 18. This isotope is written as Chlorine 36. *Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons...so an atom of Chlorine 36 would have: 36 17 = 19 Mass number protons neutrons Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (19 of 29)

Title: Feb 18 2:51 PM (20 of 29)

Title: Feb 18 2:52 PM (21 of 29)

Homework Atomic Structure Fill in atomic structures, similar to what we just did during class, for the following elements: Hydrogen Nitrogen Sodium Beryllium Chlorine Calcium Iron Copper Bromine Argon Oxygen Helium Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (22 of 29)

Chemical Changes Chemical changes are what happens to matter during a chemical reaction. (In other words...they are what you see when observing a chemical property) Chemical changes are different from physical changes in a couple of very important ways: *During a chemical change, a new material is formed (for example, when you burn wood in a fireplace, you produce smoke and ashes) *Chemical changes are usually not reversible (you can't un burn the piece of wood. Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (23 of 29)

Chemical Changes There are five main signs you look for that tell you a chemical reaction has happened between two materials: 1) There is a color change 2) A solid has formed from mixing two liquids (this is called a precipitate) 3) Bubbles are formed, without adding heat 4) There is a change in energy (heat is produced or absorbed, light is given off) 5) There is a change in smell (an odor given off) Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (24 of 29)

Chemical Reactions Demonstration Create a chart like the one shown below to record your observations for each of the chemical reactions that are demonstrated: Observations before reaction: Observations during/after reaction: Signs that a chemical reaction has ocurred: Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (25 of 29)

Chemical Reactions Demonstration Reaction 1: Silver nitrate solution and Sodium chloride solution Reaction 2: Iron and copper (II) sulfate solution Reaction 3: Copper (II) nitrate solution and potassium iodide solution Reaction 4: Hydrochloric acid and zinc metal (use a lit wooden splint to identify the gas)* Reaction 5: Silver nitrate solution and Sodium iodide solution Reaction 6: Magnesium metal and oxygen (combustion)* Reaction 7: Iron (III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate Reaction 8: Silver nitrate and potassium dichromate Reaction 9: Copper (II) chloride solution and Sodium hydroxide solution Reaction 10: Barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate (solids)* *What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction? Title: Feb 12 6:47 PM (26 of 29)

Title: Feb 12 7:41 PM (27 of 29)

Title: Dec 2 7:27 PM (28 of 29)

Title: Dec 2 7:27 PM (29 of 29)