End-to-end Performance Diagnosis

E-- Pf Dg [IEEE 802.16 M P Tp (Rv. 0)] D Nb: IEEE 802.16-12-0370-00-S D Sb: 2012-05-15 S: P Kpy V: - Gg I f Tgy E-: p AT.g. A GA *<p://..g/fq/fffaq.> R: S f p b by IEEE 802.16 Mgy Sy Gp <p://802.g/16/g/> f IEEE 802.16 S #79 f 14-17 My 2012. B Cb: N Pp: C g f Sy Gp vy p. N: T p g v f IEEE 802.16 Wkg Gp y f bgp. I p y v f pp S() f bv. I ff b f. I bg b(), v() g,. Cpyg Py: T b f IEEE-SA Cpyg Py <p://..g/ipr/pygpy.>. P Py: T b f IEEE-SA P Py P: <p://..g/g/by/6-7.#6> <p://..g/g/p/6.#6.3>. F f <p://..g/b/p/p-.> <p://..g/b/p >. Ty, My 15, 2012

E-- Pf Dg P Kpy Gg I f Tgy Ty, My 15, 2012

T Tk: T E-- v g f pf pb D g f p Ty, My 15, 2012

H v? L 1: M g TCP gp b v g, px f y, gf? b pf. L 2: E Ay Uby yp fg f: f f, by OS,...? k g OS g? L 3: Dg b 5 Mbp gp? OR 10 Mbp 2 Mbp f 7? Ty, My 15, 2012

D Dg f Sp Ty, My 15, 2012

Tff Spg/Pg P f ppg k py f.g., PB b ISP W b pf f p? gp = 4 Mbp? py = 7 Mbp; = 2 Mbp? Rv (Mbp) Up 8: 7 Mbp -> 2 Mbp T () 6 Ty, My 15, 2012

SpPb Sv H M-Lb S -2009 1.5, 3k /y; 5,700 ISP Sv C C C C L b... Sv Sv Sv 7 50 p Ty, My 15, 2012

SpPb Sv H M-Lb S -2009 1.5, 3k /y; 5,700 ISP Sv C C C C Ty, My 15, 2012... Sv L b Sv Sv 7 50 p

C-y: C Ab 30k (L 2009 - My 11) C (Mbp) ρ (Mbp) σ (MB) B () 3.5 1 5 16.7 4.8 2 5, 10 15.2, 30.5 8.8 5.5 10 25.8 14.5 10 10 18.8 () Up. C (Mbp) ρ (Mbp) σ (MB) B () 19.4 6.4 10 6.4 21.1 12.8 10 10.1 28.2 17 20 14.9 34.4 23.4 20 15.3 (b) D. Ty, My 15, 2012 C B C I (My 12, 2010). p://b..//.px. C Hg Sp I FAQ: PB. p://../pg/ FAQLV.px?p=I&f= 8b2f392-4-4750-b34-0515ff0. 8 C Hg-Sp I (; My 12 2010). p://../cp/l/ HgSpI/pp..

H W Uv Pf Dg ISP B C ISP A Ty, My 15, 2012 9

H W Uv Pf Dg ISP B C ISP A 9 Ty, My 15, 2012

H Nk Ubq: 2 p / p U v f, f-px W k C-x gb C - v (2.4GHz, Mv v,...) W 10 Ty, My 15, 2012

Pf Pb W pb: Ty, My 15, 2012 11

Pf Pb W pb: P L g g (, fg p) 11 Ty, My 15, 2012

Pf Pb W pb: C C W k Cg ( Fg 1: ) WLAN-Pb (C) k WLAN-Pb (C) Sv W k WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sv WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sy. Fg 1: Sy. W WLAN-Pb k bp-nalw )S( C vc 8 (C) C W k C v (S) C PA W WLAN-Pb k v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv vw S M WLAN-P Sv v (S) Sv W k C C W k L g g (, fg WLAN-Pb p) (C) W Sv W W WLAN-Pb (C) WLAN-Pb (C) C 8 k k W k W 8 M C S WLAN-P Tb WLAN-Pb Fg 2: v (S) W Fg 1: Sy. xp. k WLAN-Pb PFg A 1: Sy.WLAN-Pb C C v C (S) v (S) WLA WLAN-Pbff (C) gfy WLAN-Pb (C)g F x v C Fg 2: p Tb yg ff gfy ff y y. Hv, f WLAN-Pb (C) ff gfy y p y.. Hv, y Fg 1: Sy g y-2 y fb Fg 1: Sy. xp.. U-v y-2 y fb g y y g p y. H f k y. I pp, Fg 1: Sy. Fg 1: Sy f gp WLAN-Pb (C) )Cp ( k y. bb P- NA L W f I pp, f WLAN-Pb (C) g f -v fgf F vv v WLAN-Pb (C) F g y-2 p b g f -v f-y p ff gfy g xvy -v v pbg, f k y. I. y S : 1 g F y p y. H Fg 1: Sy Fg 1: Sy Fg Sy.. ff gfy Fg 1:1: Sy f v ff gfy f y p yp. Hv, b. g f U-v v pbg. -v b Fg 1: Sy g y-2y-2 y fb y y p g g f gp, gfy f kpp, y ff, b v k y. I y,gbp v v- yv x gf ff g y-2 vv v p f g I f f-v ff k, ff y f g ff ff gfy gfy f p b xv - 2-y v 11.208 f f f [5, 18, 19]. I, WLAN-pb, ff gfy y p y. Hv, f k y. I f k y ff, v.,v y H.b yp y p y gfy y Hv,. y p ff pp p b gbp v vi-f U.k,, xp py v p b y p y. Hv, xv vb fg yy-2 y y y 2p -yy g ff fb g y-2 b WLAN). P g fb y - g, g p p, g xp f y-2 py v b g f - f k y ff, g y-2 y fb k, xp f pg, pp ff f I.y kgfy f f v b f k y. I pp, f g y-2 y xp f g pg. - f p k, v v v v I f k I pp, E y q f I pp, -f, v -p f k g y. gp f y. [6, b11,, f 24]. f -v k, p b b g fw fg y p v yp f k y. I -, bp-nalw, I.]91,W 8f 1, 5[ k fg y ff, b v g v [8,9,17], NIC-pf v, xp p b g f -v f. v b, ff y k f y p y f g k y b v. Fg 1). A ff, p f k y ff, WLAN ( Fg 1). A g 802.1 b g f p f y-2 f [7, 23], y ( p p p p y WLAN ( b g f -v f 3. WIRELE k, xp f k y ff, b v. -b v; v f v x, k f I I f k, I[4]. xv vf k, M-b pp f k y ff, b - vp.)nalw ff I f k y b yp 11 k, b f v; xv b x yp f W fg I f k, xv v v y p p x, g y-2, xp py v v NIC p f [1 f k y ff, b v., xp x f f f b v v. W p, I f k, WLAN ( Fg k y p b x yp f Sg pg-b pp PH, xp py v. g p g f p x, k k, xp f g pg. k, xp 3., xp py g v S.I ]42,1 1,6WLAN-pb [ pgk, xp py fg v fy yp f [15]; f xv vty, My 15, 2012 11.208 p q y E, f b k I f. k, pyf v T xp ff fg W g fg f W f Wyp. p, pg. W, y. g E, f f PA g y bt :2. px f k gfy y ff, b ff [5, v. 18, 19]. I WLAN-Pb f k y ff, b v. vf k y I f k, (C) xv y p y. Hv, y p I f k,, vi f k xp xv py y v g y-2 y fb b, xp py v, xp k, xp f g pg. f k y. I pp, v v k, xp b f g W fg, k, yp f p pg. g f -v fgp [6, 11, 24]. W fg, yp f W WLAN ( Fg 1).b A g f k y ff, v. g v WLAN (k, Fg A g xv v; b W I f 1). f vp f y-2 b f v; y p b x f, k xp py yp v [4]. M k y p b x yp f k y v. W p, k, xp f g pg. v g v. W p, S v. WLAN-pb v W fg, yp Sg f pg WLAN-pb v S Fg T WLAN-p g ( E. fy WLAN 1). Ag ff yp p g E. T ff g p gv pv E b f v; yz p, [2 p gv pv E p, p gv k y p b x yp f g p. g p. g v T p. g ky. W p, q f v S S T ky q v S v T ky q WLAN-pb S f WLAN gf WLAN g gf WLAN E. T ff j (y 1-3). T v S j (y 1-3). T g j (y p gv v S pv E p, pb WLAN pg-k g p. pb WLAN pg-k pb W T pp p g g f-p q f v-p Sp. p T ky g v f-p p f pbg T WLAN C gf v-p T b p. S S C j (yg T v S vy, b C f 1-3). S S ; C b b f pb WLAN pg-k g f b f pk f. N; g g

Pf Pb W pb: C C W k Cg ( Fg 1: ) WLAN-Pb (C) k Sv W k WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sv WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sy. Fg 1: Sy. W WLAN-Pb k bp-nalw )S( C vc 8 (C) C W k C v (S) C PA W WLAN-Pb k v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv vw S M WLAN-P Sv v (S) Sv W k C C W k L g g (, fg WLAN-Pb p) (C) W Sv W W WLAN-Pb (C) WLAN-Pb (C) C 8 k k W k W 8 M C SS WLAN-P WLAN-Pb Fg 2: Tb v (S) W Fg 1: Sy. xp. W k WLAN-Pb PFg A 1: Sy.WLAN-Pb C C v C (S) v (S) k WLA WLAN-Pbff (C) gfy WLAN-Pb (C)g F x v C Fg 2: p Tb yg ff gfy ff y y. Hv, f WLAN-Pb (C) ff gfy y p y.. Hv, y Fg 1: Sy g y-2 y fb Fg y 1: Sy. H ( p y H Fg. 1: WLAN Sy ff gfy f f PA g y bt :2 gf F F C g y-2 y v. px f k y. I. y S : 1 g F y p y. H Fg 1: Sy Fg 1: Sy Fg1:1: Sy Sy.. ) Fg ff gfy f p b g f -v WLAN-Pb (C) xp.. U-v g y-2 y fb g y f k y. I pp, Fg 1: Sy. f gp Sv WLAN-Pb (C) )Cp ( k y. bb P- NA L W f I pp, f WLAN-Pb (C) g f -v fsv vv v WLAN-Pb (C) Sv p b g f -v f p Ty, My 15, 2012 f k gfy y ff, b ff [5, v. 18, 19]. I W WLAN-Pb (C) f k y ff, b v. vf k y I f k, xv W y p y. Hv, A W y p g xvy -v v pbg, C I f k,, k xv vi f k xp py y v g y-2 y fb ff gfy k k b f v xp py k v, xp k, xp y. f g pg. f I pp, WLAN-Pb y p y., Hv, v v k, xp b f g pg. k, W fg, yp f. U-v pbg b Fg 1: Sy. Sv p v g f -v fwlan-pb gp [6, 11, 24]., (S) g y-2 y C Wfb WLAN-Pb y v fg yp f W WLAN ( 1).p A g f k ygp ff, Fg b v. WLAN-Pb (C) f, g g v v (S) C k y. I pp, WLAN (k, Fg 1). A g v; W b f W I f y-2 xv vy,gbp v v- yvx gf p f y-2 g v (S) C vv v p f fb f g f-v ff gfy f y, k f y gp ff v; b ff gfy x yp f k f xp py v p b Fg 1: Sy [4]. M - 2-y v 11.208 f f [5, 18, 19]. I, pg. WLAN-pb, k y p b x yp f k y f v xp. W p, k, f g v g f k y ff, v.,v y H.b ywlan-pb p W (C) WLAN-pb y p y gfy p, y Hv,. y p WLAN-Pb v. v. ff v S Fg W fg, yp f pp p b gbp v vi-f U.k, Sg pg p b xv v v SFg WLAN-p T fy 1). g ff P bfg yy-2 WLAN-Pb WLAN-pb y y g WLAN b 2p -( E yy g. ff A fb g y-2 (C) v (S) C WLAN). yp p ff gf y x - g, p, g xp f py g E. T f g F v p gv ff pv E p, b v; f k y ff, yz [2 y p, pp f I.yp Fg k f f v b f 1: Sy. k y. I pp, f gv pv E p, p k y p b x yp f g p. gv g y-2 y - f p k, v v vxp f g pg. v g p. g y-2 I f k, gp [6, 11, 24]. E y q WLAN-Pb (C) g p. g v. W p, T ky q f v S f v f g b p Fg 1: Sy. p b g f -v f p bf S yp f WLAN-pb f y. I -, bp-nalw,i.]91,w 81, 5[ fg, T ky q f v S T ky q v S k g WLAN gfv [8,9,17], NIC-pf v, xp p b. v b, ff y k f f g k y b v. ( Fg 1). A k y ff, WLAN f gf WLAN g E. T ff, ff j (y 1-3). T v S p b g f p f y-2 f [7, 23], y ( p pp y WLAN WLAN-Pb (C) f k y ff, 3. WIRELE k, xp ff gfy j (y 1-3). T v S j (y p gv pv E p, pb WLAN g pg-k -b v; vf v x, k f I I f k, pb I[4]. xv v f k, f Ipp f k, M-b f k y ff, b - vp.)nalw ff k y b yp g p. WLAN g pg-k pb T pp p g f-p W y p y. Hv, b x W fg, xp, v xp yp f y p p x,. ff gfy py v v NIC p f [1 T ky q f v S p g f-p p, xp f pbg v-p p. T f k, y. x g y-2 fb f f f b v v. W k, xp p, I Fg 1: Sy WLAN WLAN, gf v-p p. T b C S ( S Fg CPH f Sg pg-b pp y p y. Hv,. g p g f p x k k, xp f g pg. W fg k, xp 3. f k y., py S xp j (y 1-3). T v S vy, b C I S S ; Cpp, bg g f b f 11.208 p q y E.]42,1 1,6WLAN-pb [ pg vg vv fy yp f f [15]; b WLAN ( F y-2 y fb f. pyw T p, fg b g f, f. g WLAN f N W f W gpb pg-k yp f b ; f pk g g f -v fg g E ff g y-2 ff gfy f k y ff, y b v I f k, I ff gfy y. xv y f p y. Hv, k WLAN-Pb (C) v y, xp p y py. Hv, g y-2 y fb p b g f - g y-2 fb k, xp y f g pg ff gfy f k y. I pp, f k y. I, pp, W fg yv f k y ff, b v p p b g f -v f y 1: Sy. Fg WLAN ( Fg 1). A g 802.1 py b g f -v f f k y ff, b v. Fg 1: Sy. b f v; I f k, xv 11 f k, xv vg y-2 f k y I ff, b v. y p b, k xp py x v yp f, xp py v I f k, xv v f k y. I v. W pg. p, k, xp f g

Pf Pb W pb: C C W k Cg ( Fg 1: ) WLAN-Pb (C) k Sv W k WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sv WLAN-Pb v (S) Sv Sy. Fg 1: Sy. W WLAN-Pb k bp-nalw )S( C vc 8 (C) C W k C v (S) C PA W WLAN-Pb k v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv v (S) WLAN-Pb Sv vw S M WLAN-P Sv v (S) Sv W k C C W k L g g (, fg WLAN-Pb p) (C) W Sv W W WLAN-Pb (C) WLAN-Pb (C) C 8 k k W k W 8 M C SS WLAN-P WLAN-Pb Fg 2: Tb v (S) W Fg 1: Sy. xp. W k WLAN-Pb PFg A 1: Sy.WLAN-Pb C C v C (S) v (S) k WLA WLAN-Pbff (C) gfy WLAN-Pb (C)g F x v C Fg 2: p Tb yg ff gfy ff y y. Hv, f WLAN-Pb (C) ff gfy y p y.. Hv, y Fg 1: Sy g y-2 y fb Fg y 1: Sy. H ( p y H Fg. 1: WLAN Sy ff gfy f f PA g y bt :2 gf F F C g y-2 y v. px f k y. I. y S : 1 g F y p y. H Fg 1: Sy Fg 1: Sy Fg1:1: Sy Sy.. ) Fg ff gfy f p b g f -v WLAN-Pb (C) xp.. U-v g y-2 y fb g y f k y. I pp, Fg 1: Sy. f gp Sv WLAN-Pb (C) )Cp ( k y. bb P- NA L W f I pp, f WLAN-Pb (C) g f -v fsv vv v WLAN-Pb (C) Sv p b g f -v f p Ty, My 15, 2012 f k gfy y ff, b ff [5, v. 18, 19]. I W WLAN-Pb (C) f k y ff, b v. vf k y I f k, xv W y p y. Hv, A W y p g xvy -v v pbg, C I f k,, k xv vi f k xp py y v g y-2 y fb ff gfy k k b f v xp py k v, xp k, xp y. f g pg. f I pp, WLAN-Pb y p y., Hv, v v k, xp b f g pg. k, W fg, yp f. U-v pbg b Fg 1: Sy. Sv p v g f -v fwlan-pb gp [6, 11, 24]., (S) g y-2 y C Wfb WLAN-Pb y v fg yp f W WLAN ( 1).p A g f k ygp ff, Fg b v. WLAN-Pb (C) f, g g v v (S) C k y. I pp, WLAN (k, Fg 1). A g v; W b f W I f y-2 xv vy,gbp v v- yvx gf p f y-2 g v (S) C vv v p f fb f g f-v ff gfy f y, k f y gp ff v; b ff gfy x yp f k f xp py v p b Fg 1: Sy [4]. M - 2-y v 11.208 f f [5, 18, 19]. I, pg. WLAN-pb, k y p b x yp f k y f v xp. W p, k, f g v g f k y ff, v.,v y H.b ywlan-pb p W (C) WLAN-pb y p y gfy p, y Hv,. y p WLAN-Pb v. v. ff v S Fg W fg, yp f pp p b gbp v vi-f U.k, Sg pg p b xv v v SFg WLAN-p T fy 1). g ff P bfg yy-2 WLAN-Pb WLAN-pb y y g WLAN b 2p -( E yy g. ff A fb g y-2 (C) v (S) C WLAN). yp p ff gf y x - g, p, g xp f py g E. T f g F v p gv ff pv E p, b v; f k y ff, yz [2 y p, pp f I.yp Fg k f f v b f 1: Sy. k y. I pp, f gv pv E p, p k y p b x yp f g p. gv g y-2 y - f p k, v v vxp f g pg. v g p. g y-2 I f k, gp [6, 11, 24]. E y q WLAN-Pb (C) g p. g v. W p, T ky q f v S f v f g b p Fg 1: Sy. p b g f -v f p bf S yp f WLAN-pb f y. I -, bp-nalw,i.]91,w 81, 5[ fg, T ky q f v S T ky q v S k g WLAN gfv [8,9,17], NIC-pf v, xp p b. v b, ff y k f f g k y b v. ( Fg 1). A k y ff, WLAN f gf WLAN g E. T ff, ff j (y 1-3). T v S p b g f p f y-2 f [7, 23], y ( p pp y WLAN WLAN-Pb (C) f k y ff, 3. WIRELE k, xp ff gfy j (y 1-3). T v S j (y p gv pv E p, pb WLAN g pg-k -b v; vf v x, k f I I f k, pb I[4]. xv v f k, f Ipp f k, M-b f k y ff, b - vp.)nalw ff k y b yp g p. WLAN g pg-k pb T pp p g f-p W y p y. Hv, b x W fg, xp, v xp yp f y p p x,. ff gfy py v v NIC p f [1 T ky q f v S p g f-p p, xp f pbg v-p p. T f k, y. x g y-2 fb f f f b v v. W k, xp p, I Fg 1: Sy WLAN WLAN, gf v-p p. T b C S ( S Fg CPH f Sg pg-b pp y p y. Hv,. g p g f p x k k, xp f g pg. W fg k, xp 3. f k y., py S xp j (y 1-3). T v S vy, b C I S S ; Cpp, bg g f b f 11.208 p q y E.]42,1 1,6WLAN-pb [ pg vg vv fy yp f f [15]; b WLAN ( F y-2 y fb f. pyw T p, fg b g f, f. g WLAN f N W f W gpb pg-k yp f b ; f pk g g f -v fg g E ff g y-2 ff gfy f k y ff, y b v I f k, I ff gfy y. xv y f p y. Hv, k N- f WLAN-Pb (C) v y, xp p y py. Hv, g y-2 y fb p b g f - g y-2 fb k, xp y f g pg ff gfy (v,,...) f k y. I pp, f k y. I, pp, W fg yv f k y ff, b v p p b g f -v f y 1: Sy. Fg WLAN ( Fg 1). A g 802.1 py b g f -v f f k y ff, b v. Fg 1: Sy. b f v; I f k, xv 11 f k, xv vg y-2 f k y I ff, b v. y p b, k xp py x v yp f, xp py v I f k, xv v f k y. I v. W pg. p, k, xp f g

Wy gp? Wy p p = 5 Mbp p = 7 Mbp? g: 7 Mbp : 0.3 Mbp! b & b 12 Ty, My 15, 2012

WLAN-Pb W g 3 pf pg: g, g g, T: WLAN-Pb g pb -v: k y NIC p q 13 Ty, My 15, 2012

WLAN-Pb W g 3 pf pg: g, g g, T: WLAN-Pb g pb W k Sv -v: k y NIC C WLAN-Pb v (S) p q WLAN-Pb (C) 13 Ty, My 15, 2012

Lf f Pk Dy by : by- y Dy p f b : L2 () NIC DIFS + +[0,W] NIC (g ) DIFS +by- +[0,W] ~SIFS () By DIFS + +[0,2W] ~SIFS TX y SIFS ACK DIFS + +[0,3W] SIFS T bkff Uvb vb y: () NIC NIC (g ) TX y TX y (b) C b- TX y ACK T A y TX-y() (b L2 TX-) ACK p y 14 Ty, My 15, 2012

Lf f Pk Dy by : by- y Dy p f b : L2 bkff Uvb vb y: () TX-y() (b L2 TX-) NIC DIFS + +[0,W] NIC (g ) ~SIFS TX y DIFS +by- +[0,W] Uy TX ACK () y NIC NIC f (g ) () By DIFS + +[0,2W] TX y (b) C b- ~SIFS SIFS p DIFS + +[0,3W] TX y SIFS T ACK T C y? A y ACK p y Y! 14 Ty, My 15, 2012

A Dy by- -TX bkff TX-y ACK Ty, My 15, 2012 15

A Dy by- -TX bkff TX-y ACK p! Ty, My 15, 2012 15

A Dy by- -TX bkff TX-y ACK p! Cp by- b x ff = OWD - (TX y) f L2 15 Ty, My 15, 2012

A Dy by- -TX bkff TX-y ACK p! Cp by- b x ff = OWD - (TX y) f L2?? 15 Ty, My 15, 2012

A Dy: TX y = OWD - (TX y) TX-? 50-pk f y pk pk p p g TX-:,1 = y by- y E g f :! 16 Ty, My 15, 2012

A Dy: TX y = OWD - (TX y) TX-? 50-pk f y pk pk p p g TX-:,1 = y by- y E g f : 1.0! 16 M f 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 SpR AMRR M O Ty, My 15, 2012

Dg T E p-pk L2 y A y g pk z? Lg y/ f g y/? Y N Cg N Sy H T Y L SNR 17 Ty, My 15, 2012

Sz-p Pg DIFS +by- +[0,W] SIFS DIFS + +[0,W] DIFS + ~SIFS +[0,2W] ~SIFS DIFS + +[0,3W] SIFS T T B TX ACK pk TX z: TX TX () () ACK y y y y NIC NIC NIC NIC Hg p (g ) () By y (g ) (b) C. b- A y Fg 3: T f pk g y p. L g g H A y () 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Ty, My 15, 2012 0 8 A y () 408 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 808 1208 8 q, : 408 808 1208 Py z (B) Py z (B) Cg = x { 1 g, 0} (1) W y f pk 1 b -yfpk. Typf ( py ) y f pk 7. I, pky b v b ff y-2 g. T /,1 p f y, 6 z f pk (g f-k q),1 y-2 f f ; f f5,1 x. T y p v g f f pk; gg ( vb 4 g p f ), v DIFS/SIFS g, pb PLCP 3 2,y-2 ACK y ( y ). Fy, vb y p β. W pk y, β 2 f g ( by- ) f b vb bkff (fy b b1 f ). If pk b, β y b f bq, by-, bkff 0. W f y 8 408 808 1208 = + β (2) b OWD Py z (B) Fg 6: L g g = g: ff (3) f Lg y/ f g y/? Sy H T CDF N 1 0.8 0.6 Y E p-pk L2 y A y g pk z? Fg 4: WLAN-pb. 0.4 y p y y ff, b y y f 0.2 p. A gf y f pk p g L SNR (x-p by-g ff, pb 0 SNR, f. I H fg x 0 10 f 20 30 40 b x p y, p b y Pbby pk z. I b y v pp k f pb Fg ( 7: Pbby vb b ), (p /p ) p vg f k. Y L SNR Cg -SNR y N

H T H p f p by bkff E p-pk L2 y A y g pk z? Lk gb f g y (L3) pk : gb y SNR: gb Lg y/ f g y/? N Sy H T Y Y L SNR N Cg 19 Ty, My 15, 2012

H T Df : p = P [ g y L3 ] p = P [ gb g y L3 g y L3 ] H : p p A y A y H () L SNR 20 Ty, My 15, 2012

H T H 1 : p p CDF 0.8 0.6 0.4 L SNR: p p E p-pk L2 y A y g pk z? Y N 0.2 0 L SNR (x-p 6-10 B) H 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Pbby Lg y/ f g y/? N Sy H T Y L SNR Cg R: p / p ff g. Ty, My 15, 2012 21

Tk Y! p AT.g. L 1: M g L 2: E Ay Uby L 3: Dg b Ty, My 15, 2012