CHAPTER 1: KEY ISSUE 1 How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are? p. 4-13 Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. MAPS 1. Who invented the word and the discipline of geography? 2. What two questions do human geographers ask? 3. Give one example of a geographic question dealing with your city, state, and region. Muscatine Iowa Midwest 4. What is the science of mapmaking called? 5. What are the two purposes that maps serve? Give an example for each. : : 6. Provide an example of developments in geography for each of the following: Chinese Muslims Age of Discovery MAP SCALE 7. What are the three types of ways map scale can be presented? Give examples of each. : : : 1
8. A large- scale map shows a small area of earth s surface. What is the advantage of this kind of map, which might only show a neighborhood? 9. A small- scale map shows a large area of earth s surface. What is the advantage of a map that shows the entire globe? 10. When geographers convert the round Earth to a flat map, they use a projection. All projections have some distortion. List and describe the four types of distortion caused by various projections. : : : d) : 11. Two important projections are the Robinson and the Mercator. Complete the chart below comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Disadvantages Robinson Mercator GEOGRAPHIC GRID 12. Explain the difference between latitude and longitude. 13. What is the name for the line drawn at 0 degrees longitude? 14. What is the name for the line drawn at 0 degrees latitude? 15. How many degrees of longitude do you need to travel across to pass through one hour of time, or one time zone? 16. How many time zones are there? 17. What is the longitude of the International Date Line? 2
18. Use page 11 and the information in the reading to annotate the map below. Draw the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line. Label the Equator. CONTEMPORARY TOOLS 19. Define remote sensing. 20. List one way that geographers can map using remotely sensed data. 21. Complete the following table regarding Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Elements/Components Uses/Implementation 22. Geographers use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to store layers of data. Give two examples of types of data stored in a single layer. 23. What is a mashup? 3
CHAPTER 1: KEY ISSUE 2 Why Is Each Point on Earth Unique? p. 14-19 Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. PLACE: A UNIQUE LOCATION 24. Define place. 25. Define location. 26. What is the difference between location and place? Give an example using Muscatine to illustrate the difference. 27. Define toponym. 28. Identify four ways in which places can receive place names. d) 29.Define site. 30. List three site characteristics of Muscatine. 31. Complete the following sentence about site. Human actions can the characteristics of a site. 32. Define situation 33. Explain the situation of Muscatine. 4
REGION: A UNIQUE AREA 34. A region is an of defined by one or more. 35. Complete the chart below on the three different types of regions. Also Called Formal Region Functional Region Vernacular Region Definition Example 36. Describe the two geographic definitions of culture. : : 37. Different may be reached about a region, depending on its. 38. Spatial association is the idea that the distribution of one phenomenon is spatially related to the distribution of another. For example, the distribution of restaurants is very closely related to the distribution of residential areas. Give three additional examples of spatial association. 5
CHAPTER 1: KEY ISSUE 3 Why Are Different Places Similar? p. 20-29 Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. SCALE: FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL 39. Define globalization. 40. How was the recession that began in 2008 an example of globalization? Explain how the crisis spread from the housing market in the US to the rest of the global economy. 41. In what ways is the global cultural landscape becoming more uniform? 42. How do religion and language contribute to a uniform cultural landscape? 43. Make three observations of globalization that you see around you, in the Muscatine area cultural landscape. 44. Give one example from Muscatine of a local cultural element, unique to our community and not a product of globalization. SPACE: DISTRIBUTION OF FEATURES 45. Define distribution. 46. Define density and give an example. Definition: Example: 6
47. The extent of feature s spread over space is its concentration. What are the two ways geographers describe a concentration? : : 48. In the boxes below, draw 10 dots in each so that the density is the same in each, but illustrate and label the two different kinds of concentration. 49. List three different types of pattern given in the text. 50. Describe the ways in which geographers approach aspects of cultural identity, such as gender, ethnicity, and sexuality. Ethnicity Gender Sexual Orientation CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PLACES 51. What is diffusion? 52. How does a cultural hearth emerge? 53. What are the two basic types of diffusion? 7
54. Give an example of the following types of expansion diffusion (not from the book). Hierarchical Contagious Stimulus 55. Give a personal example of how distance decay related to you now or how it will in the future. 56. Explain the space- time compression. 57. How has interaction between places changed? 58. Give two examples of things that slow or hinder interaction among groups. 59. Global culture and economy are increasingly centered in the 3 core (hearth) regions of: 60. Why are these considered the core? What do they have/are able to do? 61. Explain uneven development. 8
CHAPTER 1: KEY ISSUE 4 Why Are Some Human Actions Not Sustainable? p. 30-37 Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. SUSTAINABILITY AND RESOURCES 62. Provide an example of a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource. renewable resource: nonrenewable resource: 63. What are the two main misuses of resources? 64. Briefly explain the three pillars of sustainability set forth by the UN. Environment Economy Society 65. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), when do they believe we surpassed sustainability levels and why? 66. How does climate influence human behaviors? Give an example. 67. Using the map in Figure 1-39, do you think climate zones relate more closely to measures of longitude or latitude? 68. What do topographic maps show? (Refer to Figure 1-41 for an example.) 9
SUSTAINABILITY AND HUMAN- ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS 69. How do humans interact with each of the following? Lithosphere: Hydrosphere: Atmosphere: 70. Define cultural ecology. 71. What is environmental determinism? Do you agree with the theory? Explain. 72. Explain how possibilism might be a better way to explain our existence on Earth and our progress. 73. Why did the Dutch initially create polders? 74. Explain how the US Army Corps of Engineers modified Lake Okeechobee. Why did they do this? What impact did it have on the landscape? 10