Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference of Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013 ANALYSIS OF THE ZEOLITE VOLCANIC TUFFS FROM CLUJ COUNTY, ROMANIA C.A. DOBOCAN 1, D. POPESCU 2, E. CULEA 3 and V. TOPA 4 1 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Design Engineering and Robotics, 103-105 Muncii Blvd, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, e-mail: corina2dobocan@yahoo.com 2 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Design Engineering and Robotics, 103-105 Muncii Blvd, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Phisycs, 103-105 Muncii Blvd, Cluj- Napoca, Romania 4 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Electrotechnics, 28 Memorandumului Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania EXTENDED ABSTRACT The results of experimental research in conjunction with information obtained from studies on geology of the area have a high significance in assessing the importance and efficiency of using zeolite tuff from Cluj area and especially from Cornesti, Tiocu, Paglisa and Macicasu quarries. In this paper we highlighted the X Difraction Analysys of zeolite volcanic tuffs from Cluj county area: tuff quarries from Cornesti, Tiocu, Paglisa and Macicasu. Global chemical analysis results give informations about their petrographic nature of volcanic lava hub large amount of silica SiO 2 and indicate the nature of the acid tuff and minerals indicates that these are of a riolitic, dacite or riodacitic. In terms of microscopic tests and diffractometers for zeolite tuffs from Cluj county outcrops, they invariably revealed the presence of clinoptilolite mineralogical constituents in variable proportions of 10-80%. [5] Zeolites are used and the extraction and processing of metals from waste waters rich in these elements and to remove radioactive elements from waste water from nuclear power plants. In experimental research, zeolite volcanic tuffs in Romania can be used as selective adsorbents for the purification of polluted air from industrial processes. Zeolites began to be used in agriculture as feed additives. Also, the zeolite can be used as an additive to soils for fertilization and refurbishment, the method being used in Japan for decades. And paper industry are increasingly looking to use zeolite-rich volcanic tuff as raw material. Paper containing zeolite is thicker, more opaque, cut easier and ensures a lower ink. Only in Japan, the company Zeiklite Chemical Company capitalizes monthly tuff nearly 4,000 tons of paper-making. Over 70% of volcanic tuffs are filled with zeolite. The name of these minerals comes from Greek and it means "boiling stone", making reference to their property that removes water by heating, increasing its volume. First, zeolites have a high capacity for adsorption, desorption, respectively, thus fulfilling the function of "molecular sieves" pore size are inherent in each type of zeolite. Another category are the catalytic properties of zeolites. Because of these properties, zeolites have come to be used in pollution control and stewardship processes. Keywords: XRD Analisys, materials, chemical aluminium bonds. 1. INTRODUCTION By X-ray diffraction analysis performed on crude samples tuffs and evidencesubmicron (granulometric separated) shows the massive participation of a primary mineral group namely the clinoptilolite zeolites.
In order to analyze these samples, they were crushed and classified into three classes of grain, as follows: 5-2 mm, 2-1 mm and 1 to 0.125 mm, as can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1. The samples of the Cornesti quarries 2. X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of a well-crystallized clinoptilolite evidenced by the intensity of the diffraction lines of the X-ray diagram along with clinoptilolite occurs in small quantity quartz and cristobalite. Their specific diffraction lines are evident on X-ray diagram.[5] If we compare the diffraction spectra of the samples studied, the standard diffraction pattern for another Romanian tuffs, for tuffs clinoptilolitizate of Zacarpatia, produces a higher purity of our samples, and an advanced degree of crystalline peaks of clinoptilolite with the same intense and sharper reflexes.[4] The following figure shows the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of samples from Cornesti (Figure 2), Tiocu (Figure 3), Paglisa (Figure 4) and Macicasu (Figure 5), Cluj County. To achieve X-ray diffraction was used the X-ray diffractometer SHIMADZU 6000, an equipping existing Research Center of Materials Physics and Environmental Physics (Technical University of Cluj-Napoca). Volcanic tuff required granules before bringing a powder X-ray analysis.
Figure 2. Diffractometer analysis of volcanic tuff from Cornesti, Cluj County. Figure 2. show X-ray diffraction of powdered zeolite samples from Cornesti. Diffraction peaks corresponding to 2Θ = 16.676, 22.818, 28.689, 42.467 and 78.324. They show that the sample contains clinoptilolite (2Θ = 22) and quartz (2Θ = 28). Smaller peaks correspond to this Fe. Figure 3. Diffractometer analysis of volcanic tuff from Macicasu, Cluj County. In the analysis of samples from Macicasu diffractometer is observed at 2Θ = 9.831 present clinoptilolite and quartz 2Θ = 23.290 and present at 2Θ = 2Θ = 28.236 and 23.290. Highest concentration in this sample has quartz.
Figure 4. Diffractometer analysis of volcanic tuff from Paglisa, Cluj County. High content of clinoptilolite (70%) of volcanic tuff from Paglisa, and revealed by X-ray diffraction suggests that zeolite volcanic tuff may have high retention capacity of heavy metal ions by ion exchange processes. Figure 5. Diffractometer analysis of volcanic tuff from Tiocu, Cluj County. As can be seen in Figure 5, samples taken from Tiocu also have a very important content of clinoptilolite, due to 2Θ = 10.070 clinoptilolite and quartz present 2Θ = 22.468. To have an overview of the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of all samples studied have made a comparison chart of these analyzes.
Intensity (a.u.) paglisa tiocu de sus macicasu cornesti 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2 theta (degree) Figure 6. Diffractometer Analyses of volcanic tuff comparison study, Cluj County. Comparing diffractometer analyzes of the samples studied can be seen as tuffs from Paglisa have the highest content of clinoptilolite, here absorption bands are similar, differing only contents of quartz and other elements. 3. CONCLUSIONS X-ray diffractometer analysis is useful to determine the main elements of zeolite samples. With this analysis made it possible to identify in this group of minerals, the type of mineral present in samples from Cornesti, Tiocu, Paglisa and Macicasu. Thus, we could identify the presence of oligoclaz feldspar group and the group zeolites in volcanic tuff samples zeolite, clinoptilolite as the main mineral and mineral montmorilonite as caregiver. These analyzes were conducted to determine the four samples, the one with the content of clinoptilolite for their use in the remediation of mine waters, waters polluted with heavy metals. To date, Romania is implemented on an industrial scale any method or technology that uses zeolite or zeolite volcanic tuffs sintetitici in removing metal ions from wastewater. For this reason, these deposits of volcanic tuffs zeolite with high ion exchange capacititai basis for capitalizing on an industrial scale and not only those material removal processes of metal ions from acid mine waters. Studies and research at national and international level confirms the possibility of using zeolites as ion exchangers, especially tuffs from Cluj county area from Cornesti, Tiocu, Paglisa and Macicasu quarries. 4. AKNOWLEDGEMENT This paper was supported by the project Progress and development through postdoctoral research and innovation in engineering and applied sciences PRIDE Contract no. POSDRU/89/1.5/S/57083, project co-funded from European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources 2007-2013.
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