Ohio Anemometer Loan Program (ALP) 3rd Quarter 2008 Progress Report Grant No. 08-01 Prepared by: Emily Sautter, Green Energy Ohio, Wind Program Coordinator Kemp Jaycox, Green Energy Ohio, Wind Program Manager 1. Site Status Tower commissioning for the 2008-2009 ALP sites took place during June 23-25. No major equipment problems were encountered during the third quarter; however, data was lost for a period of one week for each site (Archbold: 8/15/2008 8/22/2008, Cuyahoga: 9/17/2008 9/24/2008) due to human error while collecting files from the data cards. The data collection process has been reconfirmed with each site sponsor, and data collection since has been running smoothly. One other data recovery issue for the past quarter was the careful consideration of the data collected during the passing of the remnants of hurricane Ike. Due to the rarity and intensity of the event, the data collected during the event was omitted, so as to avoid unrealistically high wind speed averages. Data determined to be uncharacteristic of the site due to the passage of the remnants of hurricane Ike were filtered from 7:10 a.m. until 11:50 p.m. on 9/14/2008. Based on a review of the data and weather maps for the site vicinity, 7 a.m. appears to represent the last time of day on 9/14/08 that the site vicinity was not yet significantly impacted by the hurricane remnants. Figure 1 below is a weather map depicting conditions at 7 a.m., which illustrates the encroaching of the low pressure system that was hurricane Ike. The space between isobars (red lines of equal pressure) indicates changing pressure and wind speeds. As Ike approaches the isobars move closer together, this is indicative of high wind speeds influencing the area. See Figure 2 and Figure 3 for plots of 10-minute average wind speeds as recorded by the ALP site loggers on September 14, 2008. Page 1 of 9 October 30, 2008
Figure 1: Daily Surface Weather Map for 7:00 a.m. E.S.T., September 14, 2008, created by the National Center for Environmental Prediction Figure 2: 10 Minute Average Wind Speeds Recorded at the Archbold site on 9/14/2008 Wind Speed [mph] 9/14/2008 Archbold 10-Minute Wind Speeds 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 Ch5 Ch6 Page 2 of 9 October 30, 2008
Figure 3: 10 Minute Average Wind Speeds Recorded at the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds site on 9/14/2008 Wind Speed [mph] 9/14/2008 Cuyahoga Co. Fairgrounds 10-Minute Wind Speeds 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 Ch5 Ch6 2. Data Analysis Summary Close commissioning dates, and similar study heights, allow for an easy comparison of the Archbold and Cuyahoga County sites. The following is a summary of the performance at the two ALP sites from their commissioning dates to 9/30/2008. Figure 4 displays monthly average wind speeds at a height of 50 meters measured at both sites. Thus far, wind speeds at Archbold have been stronger than wind speeds at the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. This is to be expected as the Wind Resource Explorer approximates the wind speed at Archbold to be 0-1 m/s greater than the wind speed at Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. Figure 4: Average Wind Speed Comparison 50 m Elevation 6.0 Monthly Average Wind Speed Wind Speed [m/s] 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Archbold 50 m Cuy. Co. Fair 50 m Page 3 of 9 October 30, 2008
When considering monthly average wind power density between the two ALP sites (plotted in Figure 5), the difference between the two sites is slightly amplified from the difference displayed by wind speed alone. This effect is caused by the cubing of the wind speed in order to calculate the wind power density, which places more emphasis on higher wind speeds. The general equation used to calculate power density is: power density = 1 2 ρv Here ρ is the air density, and V is the wind velocity. In our calculations, air density was calculated as a function of the temperature at the site, the elevation of the site and the channel height of the specific anemometer in question. 3 Figure 5: Average Wind Power Density Comparison 50 m Elevation Wind Power Density [W/m 2 ] 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Monthly Average Wind Power Density Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Archbold 50 m Cuy. Co. Fair 50 m Comparing wind shear and turbulent intensities at each site can give a valuable picture of the wind speed stratification and turbulence at the site. Higher wind shears and turbulent intensities were measured at the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds than those measured at the site at Archbold. High wind shears indicate interference with the lower level wind flow by surface roughness. In the case of the Cuyahoga site, the site is surrounded by Fairground structures, moderately heavy residential development and trees. The site at Archbold is more open, with limited surrounding development and trees. As a reference, textbook values for wind shear are on the order of approximately 0.143 for clear, topographically level, open land. 1 1 Wind Resource Assessment Handbook: Fundamentals for Conducting a Successful Wind Monitoring Program, AWS Scientific, Inc., April 1997. Page 4 of 9 October 30, 2008
Wind shears measured at the ALP sites are plotted in Figure 6. Turbulent intensity is a measure of how turbulent (or how unsteady) the wind is for each period. The Cuyahoga County site is exhibiting higher turbulent intensities than Archbold, again a sign of greater interference with the wind by nearby structures. Turbulent intensities measured at each site at a height of 50 meters are plotted in Figure 7. Figure 6: Monthly Average Wind Shear Comparison 0.6000 Monthly Average Wind Shear 0.5000 Wind Shear 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0.0000 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Archbold 40 m - 50 m Cuy. Co, Fair 40 m - 50 m Figure 7: Monthly Average Turbulent Intensity Comparison 0.25 Monthly Average Turbulent Intensity Turbulent Intensity 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Archbold 50 m Cuy. Co. Fair 50 m Page 5 of 9 October 30, 2008
Wind Assessment Study Site Specification Log Archbold School System Archbold, OH Site Name: Archbold School System Installation Date: June 23-24, 2008 Tower Owner: Ohio Department of Development (ALP) Site Location (description): Tower located on Archbold Evangelical Church property (700 West Lafayette St., Archbold, OH 43502) in an undeveloped field situated immediately west of Archbold High School. Tower is located approx. 1,250 feet East of Township Road 24, approx. 3,600 feet West of State Route 66, and approx. 1900 feet North of County Road BC. Site Location (GPS coordinates): N 41 30.827 ; W 84 19.228 Ground Elevation: 728 ft Prevailing Wind Direction: SSW (from NOAA Climatic Wind Data, Dayton, OH, 1930-1996) WSW & SW (according to Ohio Wind Resource Explorer report prepared by The Renaissance Group) Site Sponsor Contacts: David Deskins, Superintendant, 419-445-5661 (office), 419-388-9279 (cell), archbold_s@nwoca.org. Laura Bickel, Science Teacher, arc_aca_lb@nwoca.org Sarah Betts, Chemistry Teacher, arc_aca_sbe@nwoca.org Brad Bame, Senior Pastor, Archbold Evangelical Church, 419-445-5579 (office), 419-572-0874 (cell), seniorpastor@archemc.org Logger Lock Combination: 127 TOWER FCC Tower Registration: Height of structure: Nominal Boom Heights: None (50m XHD NRG Tall Tower) Tower ground assembly orientation: 45 (winds were blowing from the SW on the day of tower commissioning); boom offsets: anemometers 180 & 270 ; vanes 0 166 ft 30m, 40m, 50m INSTRUMENTATION Data Logger: NRG Symphonie, Serial Number 8065 Sensors: Logger Channel Color Code 2 Instrument Serial Number Height (ft) Boom Azimuth (degrees) 1 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 46744 98.4 180 2 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 66828 98.4 270 3 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 46832 131.2 180 4 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 66758 131.2 270 5 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 66908 164 180 6 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 64465 164 270 Deadband Azimuth (degrees) 2 Cables from NRG factory were each labeled with their instrument type and corresponding height; therefore, GEO did not apply additional color tape to the cables. Page 6 of 9 October 30, 2008
7 NRG 200P Vane None 132.1 360 360 8 NRG 200P Vane None 162.6 360 360 9 None 10 NRG Temp Sensor 3365 9 360 INCIDENT LOG: June 23 & 24, 2008: Commissioned tower at Archbold High School (Wind Energy Services, Green Energy Ohio & North Coast Wind & Power). Sensors appeared to be working properly (following wiring of data logger, wind speeds from anemometers ranged from approx. 8-14 mph and blew from the SW at 210-220 ). Based on input from Fulton County personnel, the base of the tower is located approx. 200-300 feet east of a 60-foot storm sewer easement and 200 feet south of the right of way for the future westward extension of Lafayette Street. Verbal permission obtained from Dexter Krueger and Ben Bisbro who were on-site during tower layout and surveying procedures. Tower was shifted east from original intended location to accommodate the storm sewer easement and to avoid a large wet spot which would have affected the tower s southwestern anchors. 8/15/2008 8/22/2008: Loss of data during download procedure by site sponsor. 8/25/08: Reconfirmed data collection and uploading procedure with site sponsor. 9/14/2008: Remnants of Hurricane Ike pass through Ohio, data omitted for affected period (7:10 a.m. 11:50 p.m.). Page 7 of 9 October 30, 2008
Wind Assessment Study Site Specification Log Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds Berea, OH Site Name: Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds Installation Date: June 25, 2008 Tower Owner: Ohio Department of Development (ALP) Site Location (description): Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds, 164 Eastland Road, Berea, Ohio 44017; Tower located in the north end of the racetrack infield, approx. 1,050 feet East of Eastland Road, and approx. 825 feet North of Waverly St. Site Location (GPS coordinates): N 41 21.984 ; W 81 50.362 Ground Elevation: 810 ft Prevailing Wind Direction: SW (from NOAA Climatic Wind Data, Cleveland, OH, 1930-1996) WSW (according to Ohio Wind Resource Explorer report prepared by Cuyahoga County Commissioners office) Site Sponsor Contacts: Bob Cartmell, 440-521-1412 (cell) Logger Lock Combination: 356 TOWER FCC Tower Registration: Height of structure: Nominal Boom Heights: None (50m XHD NRG Tall Tower) Tower ground assembly orientation: 45 (winds were blowing from the SW on the day of tower commissioning); boom offsets: anemometers 180 o & 270 o ; vanes 0 166 ft 30m, 40m, 50m INSTRUMENTATION Data Logger: NRG Symphonie, Serial Number 8064 Sensors: Logger Channel Color Code 3 Instrument Serial Number Height (ft) Boom Azimuth (degrees) Deadband Azimuth (degrees) 1 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 53200 98.4 180 2 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 53177 98.4 270 3 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 53204 131.2 180 4 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 51488 131.2 270 5 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 53198 164 180 6 NRG Max 40 Anemometer 53235 164 270 7 NRG 200P Vane None 130.2 360 360 8 NRG 200P Vane None 164.5 360 360 9 10 NRG Temp Sensor 3365 9 360 INCIDENT LOG: 3 Cables from NRG factory were each labeled with their instrument type and corresponding height; therefore, GEO did not apply additional color tape to the cables Page 8 of 9 October 30, 2008
June 25, 2008: Commissioned tower at Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds (Wind Energy Services, Green Energy Ohio & North Coast Wind & Power). Sensors appeared to be working properly (following wiring of data logger, wind speeds from anemometers ranged from approx. 4-9 mph and blew from the SW at 225-235 ). 9/14/2008: Remnants of Hurricane Ike pass through Ohio, data omitted for affected period (7:10 a.m. 11:50 p.m.). 9/17/2008 9/24/2008: Loss of data during download procedure by site sponsor. 10/29/08: Reconfirmed data collection and uploading procedure with site sponsor. Page 9 of 9 October 30, 2008