Academic Vocabulary CONTENT BUILDER FOR THE PLC MATH GRADE 8

Academic Vocabulary CONTENT BUILDER FOR THE PLC MATH GRADE 8

Real Number Relationships 8.2 Number and operations. The student applies mathematical process standards to represent and use real numbers in a variety of forms. 8.2(D) order a set of real numbers arising from mathematical and real-world contexts 8.2(D) irrational numbers real numbers rational numbers areas of circles* equal to (=) greater than (>) greatest area to least area* greatest to least least to greatest less than (<) negative non-negative non-positive mathematical context real-world context lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 1 of 9

Slope 8.4 Proportionality. The student applies mathematical process standards to represent and solve problems involving proportional relationships. 8.4(B) graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the line that models the relationship 8.4(C) use data from a table or graph to determine the rate of change or slope and y-intercept in mathematical and real-world problems 8.4(B) slope* proportional relationship unit rate 8.4(C) functions* rate of change slope x-intercept y = mx + b y-intercept* coordinate grid* data graph* line per hour* table* mathematical problem real-world problem lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 2 of 9

Proportional and Non-Proportional Functions 8.5 Proportionality. The student applies mathematical process standards to use proportional and non-proportional relationships to develop foundational concepts of functions. 8.5(G) 8.5(I) identify functions using sets of ordered pairs, tables, mappings, and graphs write an equation in the form y = mx + b to model a linear relationship between two quantities using verbal, numerical, tabular, and graphical representations 8.5(G) 8.5(I) function* y as a function of x* constant rate of change slope y-intercept graph* mapping ordered pairs* table linear relationship y = mx + b equation* graphical representation numerical representation quantities relationship* tabular representation verbal representation lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 3 of 9

Equations and Inequalities 8.8 Expressions, equations, and relationships. The student applies mathematical process standards to use one-variable equations or inequalities in problem situations. 8.8(C) model and solve one-variable equations with variables on both sides of the equal sign that represent mathematical and real-world problems using rational number coefficients and constants 8.9 Expressions, equations, and relationships. The student applies mathematical process standards to use multiple representations to develop foundational concepts of simultaneous linear equations. 8.8(C) coefficient constant variable equation* rational number value* mathematical problems real-world problems lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 4 of 9

Geometry and Measurement Two-Dimensional Relationships 8.3 Proportionality. The student applies mathematical process standards to use proportional relationships to describe dilations. 8.3(C) use an algebraic representation to explain the effect of a given positive rational scale factor applied to two-dimensional figures on a coordinate plane with the origin as the center of dilation 8.10 Two-dimensional shapes. The student applies mathematical process standards to develop transformational geometry concepts. 8.10(C) explain the effect of translations, reflections over the x- or y-axis, and rotations limited to 90, 180, 270, and 360 as applied to two-dimensional shapes on a coordinate plane using an algebraic representation 8.3(C) center of dilation* dilation* scale factor 8.10(C) center of rotation* reflection rotation (180 o )* rotation (90 o, 270 o, 360 o ) transform* transformation* translation algebraic representation clockwise* clockwise rotation coordinate grid* coordinate plane counter-clockwise rotation graph* ordered pair origin* parallelogram* positive rational prime notation quadrilateral* rule* two-dimensional figure two-dimensional shape x-axis y-axis lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 5 of 9

Geometry and Measurement Pythagorean Theorem 8.7 Expressions, equations, and relationships. The student applies mathematical process standards to use geometry to solve problems. 8.7(C) use the Pythagorean theorem and its converse to solve problems 8.7(C) converse of the Pythagorean theorem hypotenuse leg Pythagorean theorem square root right triangle* base* distance* length* measurement* rectangular* rectangular prism* regions* right angle side lengths* lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 6 of 9

Geometry and Measurement Three-Dimensional Relationships 8.6 Expressions, equations, and relationships. The student applies mathematical process standards to develop mathematical relationships and make connections to geometric formulas. 8.7 Expressions, equations, and relationships. The student applies mathematical process standards to use geometry to solve problems. 8.7(A) 8.7(B) solve problems involving the volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres use previous knowledge of surface area to make connections to the formulas for lateral and total surface area and determine solutions for problems involving rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, and cylinders 8.7(A) 8.7(B) perimeter of the base area of the base cone* cylinder* pi (π) radius* sphere* area of the base lateral surface area* pi (π) radius surface area total surface area* area* best estimate* circumference closest (estimation)* cylindrical* diameter* dimensions* formula height (high)* lateral area length (long)* maximum* model* problems triangular prism volume* width (wide)* lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 7 of 9

Data Analysis 8.5 Proportionality. The student applies mathematical process standards to use proportional and non-proportional relationships to develop foundational concepts of functions. 8.5(D) use a trend line that approximates the linear relationship between bivariate sets of data to make predictions 8.11 Measurement and data. The student applies mathematical process standards to use statistical procedures to describe data. 8.5(D) bivariate scatterplot* trend line linear relationship balance data* graph* relationship* sets of data trend* lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 8 of 9

Personal Financial Literacy 8.12 Personal financial literacy. The student applies mathematical process standards to develop an economic way of thinking and problem solving useful in one's life as a knowledgeable consumer and investor. 8.12(D) calculate and compare simple interest and compound interest earnings 8.12(D) compound interest simple interest* related vocabulary from supporting standards college credit family contribution financial irresponsibility financial responsibility interest rate invest loan* payment methods periodic savings plan retirement account accumulate advantages amount balances* benefits compounded annually* costs decisions deposit* disadvantages earnings every year* minimum amount* principal time total cost tuition* withdraw* lead4ward *used on STAAR Source: Texas Education Agency v. 5.19.16 Page 9 of 9