Name: Period: Astronomy Part 3A Earth s Rotation: Video Notes Sheets Earth Science with Mr. Sammartano Hommocks Middle School, Team 8-3
PROOF #1 What is the Shape of the Earth? How do we know the Earth is spherical? PROOF #2 PROOF #3 PROOF #4 NAME What is the true (actual) shape of the Earth? DESCRIPTION WHY DOES IT LOOK LIKE THIS? NAME What does the Earth look like from space? DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES OF GOOD MODELS 1. The Earth is slightly flattened from a perfect spherical shape because of A. its rotation B. the pull of the sun and moon C. storms on the sun's surface D. its molten core 2. Compared to the weight of a person at the North Pole, the weight of the same person at the Equator would be A. slightly less, because the person is farther from the center of Earth B. slightly less, because the person is closer to the center of Earth C. slightly more, because the person is farther from the center of Earth D. slightly more, because the person is closer to the center of Earth 3. Which object best represents a true scale model of the shape of the Earth? A. a ping-pong ball B. a football C. an egg D. a pear PAGE 1
How does the Earth Move? The REVOLUTION of the Earth The Earth revolves around the One revolution of the Earth around the Sun takes When looking down on the Earth from above the North Pole, the Earth revolves The revolution of the Earth causes all These changes include The Earth rotates (or ) around its The ROTATION of the Earth One complete rotation (a spin of 360º) takes The Earth rotates from The rotation of the Earth causes all These changes include Proof of Rotation (Proof That We re Spinning) PROOF #1 PROOF #2 North Pole Ceiling of room Pivotal point of attachment Swinging pendulum Floor Rotation ( 3 ) Ring of pegs 1. Evidence that the Earth rotates on an axis is provided by the Coriolis effect and the A. Foucault pendulum B. phases of the Moon C. position of the Sun at solar noon D. geocentric model of the solar system 2. Which event is a direct result of Earth's revolution? A. the apparent deflection of winds B. the changing of the Moon phases C. the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D. the daily rising and setting of the Sun 3. Earth s rate of rotation is approximately A. 1 per day B. 15 per day C. 180 per day D. 360 per day PAGE 2
How do we locate places on Earth? Longitude measures your distance Longitude 0º Longitude is known as the This longitude line runs through the city of Longitude lines increase to the east and west of the Prime Meridian. The highest line of longitude measures and is known as the Every of longitude has a As you travel west, time becomes As you travel east, time does (Equatorial View) View from the side of the Earth Polar View from Above the Earth (Polar View) Latitude measures your distance Latitude 0º Latitude is known as the Latitude lines increase to the north and south of the equator. The highest lines of latitude measure and are known as the In the northern hemisphere, you can determine your latitude by measuring the (Equatorial View) View from the side of the Earth Polar View from Above the Earth (Polar View) Lines of Longitude Lines of Latitude Your longitude changes as you travel. Your latitude changes as you travel. Your longitude remains the same as you travel. Your latitude remains the same as you travel. 1. The angle of the star Polaris above the northern horizon can be used to determine an observer's A. latitude B. longitude C. solar time D. local time 2. Which latitude and longitude coordinates represent a location on the continent of Australia? (Hint: look at the maps in your ESRT) A. 20º N, 135º E B. 20º N, 135º W C. 20º S, 135º E D. 20º S, 135º W 3. Which city is located closest to 44º N latitude, 76º W longitude? (Hint: look at the maps in your ESRT) A. Massena B. Binghamton C. Buffalo D. Watertown PAGE 3
Determining Your Longitude KEY IDEA #1: Longitude Can be Determined Using Time KEY IDEA #2: In order to determine your longitude (your position west or east of the Prime Meridian, you need to know two pieces of information: 1. 2. To determine your longitude, you must... STEP #1 STEP #2 STEP #3 STEP #4 1. A person knows the solar time on the Prime Meridian and the local solar time. What determination can be made? A. the date B. the altitude of Polaris C. the longitude at which the person is located D. the latitude at which the person is located 2. When the time of day for a ship at sea is 12 noon, the time of day at the Prime Meridian is 5 p.m. What is the ship s longitude? A. 45 W B. 45 E C. 75 W D. 75 E Longitude Can be Determined Using Time NEW YORK CITY TIME 2:00PM Pacific 120 W 105 W 90 W 75 W Mountain Central Eastern DALLAS TIME Buffalo New York City DENVER TIME San Francisco Denver Dallas SAN FRANCISCO TIME PAGE 4
KEY IDEA #1: KEY IDEA #2: Determining Your Latitude Longitude Can be Determined Using Polaris (The North Star) In order to determine your latitude (your position north or south of the Equator, you need to be able to locate Polaris: 1. 2. To determine your latitude, you must... STEP #1 STEP #2 This person s latitude is 52ºN Altitude Polaris STEP #3 of 52 STEP #4 Horizon This technique for determining latitude only works The altitude of Polaris changes as you travel. It remains the same as you travel. This technique works because Polaris is located. 1. The North Star (polaris) can be used for navigation in Earth's Northern Hemisphere because A. polaris is located directly over the Tropic of Cancer B. polaris is the brightest and most easily located star C. the altitude of polaris is equal to the observer's latitude D. the position of polaris changes with the seasons 2. How does the position of polaris appear to change as an observer travels due north from the Equator? A. The angle of polaris above the northern horizon decreases. B. The angle of polaris above the northern horizon increases. C. polaris appears to move westward. D. polaris appears to move eastward. 3. At which latitude will polaris be overhead? A. 0º B. 23 ½ºN C. 90º S D. 90º N 4. As a person travels due west across New York State, the altitude of polaris will A. decrease B. increase C. remain the same PAGE 5