90716 907160 3SUPERVISOR S Level 3 Biology, 2012 90716 Describe animal behaviour and plant responses in relation to environmental factors 2.00 pm Tuesday 13 November 2012 Credits: Four Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page. You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet. If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly number the question. Check that this booklet has pages 2 8 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. Achievement Criteria Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence Describe animal behaviour and Describe animal behaviour and Explain animal behaviour or Describe animal behaviour and Discuss animal behaviour or Overall Level of Performance (all criteria within a column are met) New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2 You are advised to spend 50 minutes answering the questions in this booklet. QUESTION ONE Plant roots and stems demonstrate different responses when grown in constant environmental conditions. For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. www.sciencephoto.com/media/155508/enlarge In microgravity conditions (very weak gravity, such as in orbit), plants can be grown, but may exhibit unusual growth patterns, such as some roots growing up and stems down, less growth, and non-vertical growth. This can be seen in the growth of the seedlings below. For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. www.jaxa.jp/article/special/kibo/img/takahashi_photo_01_big_e.jpg Analyse the growth responses of roots and shoots in relation to gravity. In your answer you should include: a description of the responses of the root and shoot the mechanism responsible for the responses the adaptive advantage of the responses why the plants in microgravity tend not to thrive. You may use diagrams to assist with your explanations.
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4 QUESTION TWO Pūkeko (Porphyrio porphyrio) have an interesting social structure. They live in family groups, where they carry out cooperative interactions in their breeding behaviour. They form a hierarchy, which is maintained by agonistic displays (such as threats and submission). Only the most dominant individuals breed. The family groups are very territorial towards other such groups. For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pukeko Analyse the breeding behaviours of the pūkeko, and how these result in successful reproductive outcomes. In your answer you should: define the terms cooperative interaction, hierarchy, territorial explain why these behaviours are carried out discuss how the behaviours benefit both the group and each individual group member.
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6 QUESTION THREE Both plants and animals need to carefully time annual activities, such as reproduction. Many species will reproduce at the same time each year, regardless of climatic (weather) conditions. For example, tūi begin breeding in late September and the New Zealand tree fuchsia flowers between August and September, when the young tūi are seeking food. For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. A tūi feeding on tree fuchsia nectar. http://cache.virtualtourist.com/4/3239660-a_tui_feeding_on_ the_nectar_of_tree_fuchsias_west_coast.jpg Discuss the importance of the timing of annual responses in plants and animals. You may use the examples of the New Zealand tree fuchsia and tūi to help you. In your answer you should include: the probable environmental cues for reproduction to begin in plants and animals the importance of accurate timing for reproduction the mechanisms used for keeping time in plants and animals.
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8 QUESTION NUMBER Extra paper if required. Write the question number(s) if applicable. 90716