UNIT PLAN Subject Area: Chemistry Unit #: 2 Unit Name: Matter Big Idea/Theme: The atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. The student will understand of atomic structure and nuclear processes. Culminating Assessment: Design a poster diagramming fission or fusion which lists current pros and cons for the nuclear process as it applies to United States energy production. Choose a radioactive element that is used in this process and diagram its electron configuration, periodic properties, and the type of radioactive decay this element undergoes. Unit Understanding(s) Students will understand that The subatomic particles have characteristic properties. The principles of electro- Magnetic radiation can be related to the behavior of an electron. The development of the Bohr model provides a foundation, though inaccurate, to identifying where electrons exist in the atom. The location of electrons around the nucleus from a quantum perspective can be identified using quantum numbers. Electron configurations, by Using orbital notation, for Representative elements identify a probable location of each electron in the atom. Atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization size, and ionic size) change as a result of the number and location of the electrons in an atom and the number of protons in the The atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization Unit Essential Question(s): What are the properties of the subatomic particles? How is the behavior of the electron related to the principles of electromagnetic radiation? What is the Bohr model of the atom? Given an electron of a specific element, what are the four correlating quantum numbers? What is the electron configuration using orbital notation for a specific element? How does the number of protons and electrons affect the following atomic properties? Electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and ionic size. How do the following change as elements increase in atomic number on the same period? Electron configuration, ionization size, ionic size, and reactivity. How the following change as elements increase in atomic number in the same group? Electron configuration, ionization 1
size, ionic size, and reactivity) can be predicted by the location of the element on the periodic table. These properties change Predictably as elements increase in atomic number across a period of downs a group. The nuclear reactions of fission and fusion are reactions involving the nucleus of the atom whereas chemical reactions involve the electrons. There is much more energy released through nuclear reactions versus chemical. Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are different in terms of mass, charge, penetrating power, and the release of these particles from the The concept of half-life is used in determining the age of materials, and is significant to nuclear waste disposal. size, ionic size, and reactivity. How are nuclear reactions (fission and fusion) different from chemical reactions? What is the mass, charge, and penetrating power of alpha, beta, and gamma particles? How is half-life used in determining the age of materials? Students will know / Students will be able to Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions. Explain the relationship between Dalton s atomic theory and the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions. List the properties including relative size, charge and location of protons, neutrons and electrons. Explain what isotopes are. Define atomic number and mass number and describe how they apply to isotopes. Given the identity of a nuclide, determine its number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explain the mathematical relationship among the speed, wavelength, and frequency, of electromagnetic radiation. Discuss the dual wave-particle nature of light. Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. Compare and contrast the Bohr model and the quantum model of the atom. List the four quantum numbers and describe their significance. Relate the number of sublevels corresponding to each of an atom s main energy levels, the number of orbitals per sublevel, and the number of orbitals per main energy level. List the total number of electrons needed to fully occupy each main energy level. 2
State the Aufbau principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund s rule. Describe the electron configurations for the atoms of any element using orbital notation. Explain how the periodic law can be used to predict the physical and chemical properties of elements. Describe how the elements belonging to a group of the periodic table are interrelated in terms of atomic number. Define atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Compare the periodic trends of atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity, and state the reasons for these variations. Define valence electrons, and state how many are present in atoms of each main group element. Compare the atomic radii, ionization energies, and electro negativities of the d-block elements with those of the main-group elements. Explain why nuclear reactions occur, and know how to balance a nuclear equation. Define radioactive decay and nuclear radiation. Describe the different types of radioactive decay and their effects on the Define the term half-life and explain how it relates to the stability of the Compare the penetrating ability of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Discuss applications of radioactive nuclides. Define nuclear fission, chain reaction, and nuclear fusion, and distinguish between them. South Carolina Academic Standards: C-2.1 Illustrate electron configurations by using orbital notation for representative elements. C-2.2 Summarize atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization size, and ionic size). C-2.3 Summarize the periodic table s property trends (including electron configuration, ionization size, ionic size, and reactivity). C-2.4 Compare the nuclear reactions of fission and fusion to chemical reactions (including the parts of the atom involved and the relative amounts of energy released). C-2.5 Compare alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in terms of mass, charge, penetrating power, and the release of these particles from the C-2.6 Explain the concept of half-life, its use in determining the age of materials, and its significance to nuclear waste disposal. 3
Interim Assessment (formative) Quizzes Class participation Exit slips Class work/homework Tests Laboratory assignments Graphic organizer Teacher observations Group work Whiteboards Key Criteria (to meet the standard/rubric) attached: 4
Key Criteria (to meet the standard/rubric) Making A Poster : Matter Poster CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Required Elements Content - Accuracy The poster includes all elements as well as additional information. At least 7 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. All elements are included on the poster. 5-6 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. All but 1 of the elements is included on the poster. 3-4 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. Several elements were missing. Less than 3 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. Graphics - Relevance Labels Attractiveness All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand. All All items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understand. All Almost all items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness. All graphics relate to the topic. Most Several items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy. Graphics do not relate to the topic OR several graphics do not have Labels are too small to view OR no important items were labeled. distractingly messy or very poorly designed. It is not attractive. 5