1 CHAPTER 1 POLYNOMIALS 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping Simplify. 1. 4x + 3( x ) + 4( x + 1). ( ) 3x + 4 5 x 3 + x 3. 3 5( y 4) + 6 y ( y + 3) 4. 3 n ( n + 5) 4 ( n + 8) 5. ( x + 5) x + 3( x 6) 6. 6( y 3) y ( y 1) 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping
7. 7 3 5 ( 4 x) 6x 8. ( n ) 5 9 4 3 5n 9. 8n 3 n ( n + 4) 5 10. ( x + 5) x ( 3x 3) 11. ( x 5y ) + 3 4x 5( x + y 1) 1. ( 6) ( n m) m ( n 1) 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping
3 13. 16 1( a b) + 3 ( a + b) 14. ( 9x 6y ) x ( y 3) 15. 8n ( n) ( m + n) + ( n m) 16. ( x) ( 3y x ) ( 3 y ) 17. 3 4a ( 5b) 3a 18. ( ) 5a a 1 3b 1 b + 4a 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping
4 19. ( ) x x 4 x x + 5x 0. y y ( y y ) 8 3 3 + 1. 5ab 3 ( ab + a) + 1 ( ba a). 7 9 xy ( x y ) + 8 x ( x + xy ) { } { } 3. 15x + 3 + x + ( 3x + 5) 4. 18 4 + 3 ( y + 1 ) ( y 3 ) 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping
5 { x } x ( x x ) 1 1 1 1 5. ( ) { } 6. a 3 ( a 3 a + a) + ( a a ) 7. 1 1 1 1 1 x x 3 x 1 3 + + 4 4 8. 3 1 1 1 1 y + y 1 y y 4 + 3 6 3 { } 9. 0.5a a 0.01( 90a 100) 30. 0.1 x ( 0.1 x 5 ) + 0.1 x + 3 ( x + 1 ) 1.1 Removing Nested Symbols of Grouping
6 1. Applying Integer Exponent Rules Simplify. 3 5 1.. 3 3 3 6 4 10 3. 3 0 4 x x x x 4. y y y y 0 5 3 4 5. ( n ) 3 5 6. ( m ) 5 7. ( 3x ) 3 8. ( y ) 4 3 9. ( 5a ) 10. ( 3b ) 3 5 11. ( 4x y ) 3 6 1. ( 3n m ) 4 13. ( 4x)( x ) 3 3 14. ( y ) ( 3y ) 4 3 4 3 15. ( 3a )( a ) ( a ) 16. ( n ) ( n 3 ) ( n 4 ) a a a a 4 0 17. ( ) 3 3x x x x 4 6 0 18. ( ) 4 3 3 5 1 0 0 19. ( x x y y ) ( x xyy ) 5 3 7 0 1 0. ( 3n n ) ( n n n) 1. Applying Integer Exponent Rules
7 1. x x 16 8. y y 4 0 3. a a 9 0 4. c c 5 40 5. 3 6. 4 7. a b 8. 3 a b 9. x 3y 30. 3 3a 4b 31. 3c a b 3 3. 4 4xy 3 5z 3 33. m nw 3 w x 4 0 4 34. a bc 0 5 3a b c 3 0 3 35. x y 1 x y 36. 3a b c 3 ab c 1 0 1 3 1. Applying Integer Exponent Rules
8 37. x y z 3x y z 3 5 4 1 38. 4ab c d 1 a b c 3 4 0 3 39. 0 3 ( 5x ) ( 5x ) 1 0 ( 5x ) ( 5 x ) 3 1 40. 1 0 1 ( a b ) ( 3 a b) 3 3a( ab ) 3 7 4 3 3 0 3 41. 3 a a a ( 3a) ( a ) a ( 4a) a 4. ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 1 ) 1 x y xy x y 1. Applying Integer Exponent Rules
9 0 3 4 6 1 1 43. 5 ( ) + ( 10 ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 0 x x y xy x y xy xy 44. 1 7 3 6a a + ( a ) 1 1 ( ) ( ) 3 a a a 45. ( ) 1 4 1 3 x y x y + 6x y 5 ( ) + ( ) 1 0 x y xy xy xy 46. 3 3 0 3( ab ) a b 9a b ( ) + ( ) ( ) 3 1 0 5 1 8 6a b 3 a b a b 1. Applying Integer Exponent Rules
10 1.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation Use scientific notation to calculate the following. Write your answer in both scientific notation and standard notation. 1.,000 0.000001. 13,000 0.00000 3. 5,000,000 1,000,000 4. 1,000,000 00,000,000 5. 0.000008 0.0000001 6. 0.000005 0.00004 7. ( 3,000 )( 4,000,000 )( 0.000001 ) 8. ( 0.0000)( 10,000,000 )( 4,000 ) 9. ( 0,000,000 )( 4,000,000 )( 0.0000) 10. ( 0.000016)( 0.000)( 3,000 ) 11. 15,000,000 3,000 1. 40,000,000,000 6,000,000 1.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation
11 13. 0.000009 0.0003 14. 0.000045 0.0005 15. 16,000 4,000,000 16. 81,000 90,000,000 17. ( 1,000) ( 0.0003) ( 1,000,000 ) 18. ( 0.0004)( 80,000,000 ) ( 40,000 ) 19. ( 50,000,000 )(,000,000 ) ( 5,000) 0. ( 0.006) ( 0.003) ( 0.0000) 1.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation
1 1. ( 0.0001) ( 0.00) 3 ( 0.00) 3 4. (,000) (,000,000 ) ( 0.00) ( 00,000) 3 3 4 3. ( 0.00005) 4 ( 3,000) ( 0.0003)( 0.03) (,000,000 ) 4. 3 ( 0.000) ( 0.00000) 3 1.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation
13 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials Perform the indicated addition and/or subtraction. 1. ( 9x + 6x + 13) + ( 1x 8x 19). ( 3x + 9x 1) + ( 5x 11x + 4) 3. ( x + 4x 6) ( x 5x + 7) 4. ( 6x 14x 5) ( x + x 30) 5. ( x 3 y 4x y 4 8xy + 1) + ( x 3 y + 3x y 4 xy 1) 6. ( 3x 4 y 3 x 3 y + x y 9) + ( 4x 4 y 3 + 3x 3 y x y + 4xy ) 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials
14 7. ( 7a 9ab + 5b + 16) ( 3a 6ab 8b + 3) 8. ( 5a 3 + 4a b 7ab + b 3 17) ( a 3 6a b + 9ab + b 3 3a b ) 9. ( m + 5n) + ( m + 4n 6) ( 3n m + 7mn 1) 10. ( 15m mn + n ) ( 7m + 5nm n 9) ( 3n 8mn m + 6) 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials
15 11. Subtract 1p 11q + 6w 15 from the sum of 9p + 4q 8w + 18 and 8p 9q 1w 7. 3 3 1. Subtract 6a ab + 9a b b + a from the sum of 3 3 10a + 3a b 4b 3ab 5a. 3 3 5a 4ab 3a b b a and 13. Add x + 5y 4z to the difference of 6x + 11y 16z and 10x 15y z. 14. Add 1m 4mn + 6n to the difference of m + mn 3n and 6m 8mn n. 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials
16 Write the polynomial expression for the unknown quantity. 15. Find the perimeter of a square whose side is given by x + x + 1. 16. Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and width are given by a 7 and respectively. a + a 3, 17. Find the perimeter of a triangle whose sides are given by m + n 3, m 8n + 7, and m 6n 11. 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials
17 18. Find the length of a rectangle whose perimeter is given by given by 3 y y y 9 + + +. 3 6y 4y 10 + + and whose width is 19. Find the width of a rectangle if its length is given by 4a b + 8ab + 8. 4a b ab 6 + and its perimeter is 0. Find the third side of a triangle if the other two sides are given by 3 3 x x + 4 and its perimeter is given by 5x + x x + 7. 3 x x x + + + 1and 1.4 Adding or Subtracting Polynomials
18 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials Use special products for binomials to multiply the following. ax 3by 5ax 4by 6nx 5y nx + 7y 1. ( )( ). ( )( ) 3. ( 3a + 4b) 4. ( 6x y ) 5. 1 1 a b 3 6. x y + 4 5 7. ( 4x y 3z) 8. ( 5ab + c ) 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials
19 9. ( 0.1x + 0.3y ) 10. ( 1.1a 0.9b) 11. ( 9a 4b)( 9a + 4b) 1. ( 8x + 7y )( 8x 7y ) 13. ( 5a 8b 3 )( 5a + 8b 3 ) 14. ( 6n + 11n 4 )( 6n 11n 4 ) 15. x y x y + 3 3 16. 3 3 a b a + b 5 4 5 4 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials
0 17. ( 0.6n 0.7m)( 0.6n + 0.7m) 18. ( 0.01x + 0.1y )( 0.01x 0.1y ) 19. 1 1 x y x + y 0. 4 3 4 3 a b + 3c a b 3c 5 5 1. x + ( y + 1) 3x + ( y ). ( ) ( ) 3x + 4y x 3 5y 3. ( a + 3) + ( b c ) ( a 1) ( b + 3c ) 4. ( x 1) + 3( y ) 3( x + ) + ( y + 1) 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials
1 5. 3a + ( b c) 6. ( ) 4x + y 5 7. ( x + y ) + ( z + 4) 8. ( m ) + ( n 3z ) 9. 3( a ) 4( b + 1) 30. 5 ( x + 3 ) ( y 4 ) 31. 3b ( 4a + 7) 3b + ( 4a + 7) 3. ( 5 ) ( 5 ) m n m + n 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials
33. ( x + 3y ) ( 4n + z) ( x + 3y ) + ( 4n + z) 34. ( a 3b) + ( x + y ) ( a 3b) ( x + y ) 35. 4( x 1) 5( y + ) 4( x 1) + 5( y + ) 36. 5( n m) ( y z) 5( n m) + ( y z) 37. ( 3n 4m + 6)( 3n 4m 8) 38. ( x 5y + )( 3x + 5y ) 39. ( 4a b + c + d ) 40. ( 3x y n 4)( 3x y + n + 4) 1.5 Multiplying Polynomials
3 1.6 Expanding Binomials Draw Pascal s Triangle. Expand the following using Pascal s Triangle. 1. ( x + 1) 3. ( y 1) 3 3. ( a + ) 4 4. ( b ) 4 5. ( x ) 5 6. ( y + ) 5 1.6 Expanding Binomials
4 7. ( n 3) 6 8. ( m + 3) 6 9. ( + x) 7 10. ( a) 7 x + y 11. ( ) 3 a b 1. ( ) 3 3a b 13. ( ) 4 x + 3y 14. ( ) 4 1.6 Expanding Binomials
5 a + 3b 15. ( ) 6 3a b 16. ( ) 6 17. 1 1 x y 3 4 18. 4 1 1 a + b 5 4 1.6 Expanding Binomials
6 0.1a + 0.b 19. ( ) 4 0.x 0.1y 0. ( ) 4 Write the Binomial Formula. Expand # 1 0 using the Binomial Formula. 1. ( x + 1) 3. ( y 1) 3 3. ( a + ) 4 1.6 Expanding Binomials
7 4. ( b ) 4 5. ( x ) 5 6. ( y + ) 5 7. ( n 3) 6 8. ( m + 3) 6 9. ( + x) 7 30. ( a) 7 x + y 31. ( ) 3 a b 3. ( ) 3 1.6 Expanding Binomials
8 3a b 33. ( ) 4 x + 3y 34. ( ) 4 a + 3b 35. ( ) 6 3a b 36. ( ) 6 1.6 Expanding Binomials
9 37. 1 1 x y 3 4 38. 1 1 a + b 5 4 4 0.1a + 0.b 39. ( ) 4 0.x 0.1y 40. ( ) 4 1.6 Expanding Binomials
30 1.7 Dividing Polynomials Divide. 1. ( x 3 x + ) ( x 1). ( y 3 + y + 4) ( y + 1) 3. ( y 4 + y + 4) ( y + ) 4. ( x 4 3x 1) ( x ) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
31 5. ( x 4 x 1) ( x + x + 1) 6. ( y 4 + y 3 ) ( y y 1) 7. ( n 5 + n 3 n 1) ( n + n + ) 8. ( m 5 m + m 3) ( m 4) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
3 3 4 9. ( x + 9) ( x + 1) 10. ( y 4) ( y 3) 11. ( x x + x 3 + ) ( 3 + x) 1. ( 6 n + n 4 + n) ( n 1+ n ) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
33 13. ( y + y 3 3 + 3y 4 ) ( y + y 3 ) 14. ( m + 3m 4 + 6m 3 ) ( m + 1 m) 6 5 15. ( 1+ x ) ( x + 1) 16. ( y 3) ( y ) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
34 3 4 17. ( a + 8) ( + a) 18. ( y 16) ( y ) 19. ( n 4 + n 4 ) ( + n) 0. ( x 3 + x 4 ) ( 3 + x) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
35 1. ( x + x x 3 + x 4 1) ( x 1). ( n + n 3 + 4n + 3n 4 4) ( + n ) 3. ( x + 7xy + 4y ) ( x + 4y ) 4. ( 6y + xy 15x ) ( 3x + y ) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
36 5. ( x 3 + x y 3xy + y 3 ) ( x y ) 6. ( 3a 3 a b + ab + b 3 ) ( 3a + b) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
37 7. ( a 4 + b 4 ) ( a + b) 8. ( y 4 x 4 ) ( y x) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
38 9. ( x 5 3y 5 ) ( x y ) 30. ( 64a 6 b 6 ) ( a b) 1.7 Dividing Polynomials
39 1.8 Chapter Review Simplify. { } 1. 8 4 x + 3( x 1) ( x + 5) { }. 6 ( x y 3) + 5 x 5y 3( x y ) ( x + y ) 1.8 Chapter Review
40 Simplify. Your answer should contain no zero or negative exponents. 3. x y z 3xy z 3 0 3 4 1 3 5a b c 4. 3a b c 1 0 3 5. 1 1 3 15a b ( a b c ) 1 1 0 0 ( 3 abc ) ( 4 a bc ) 1 ( 3 1 1 ) ( 4 0 x y z 3x y ) 6. 0 4 0 1 ( 3x yz) ( x yz ) 3 1 1.8 Chapter Review
41 Use special products for binomials to multiply. a + b a + + b 7. ( 3) ( 3) 8. x ( y 5) x + ( y 5) 9. ( n ) 3 + + 4m 1.8 Chapter Review
4 10. ( ) 5n 6 m 11. ( ) ( ) x + 1 + y w 1. ( ) ( ) 3x 5 y + p 1.8 Chapter Review
43 13. 3( c + d ) + ( e f ) 4( c d ) + 3( e 3f ) 14. 4( x x) + 3( x + 1) ( x + x) 5( x 1) 15. ( a + b + 3c d )( 4a b 5c + d ) 1.8 Chapter Review
44 16. ( x 4y z w )( x 4y + z + w ) x + 5y 17. ( ) 3 4a 3b 18. ( ) 3 1.8 Chapter Review
45 Use Pascal s Triangle to expand the following: a + b 19. ( ) 7 x y 0. ( ) 6 m + 3n 1. ( ) 5 3x 4y. ( ) 4 1.8 Chapter Review
46 Use the Binomial Theorem to expand the following: a + b 3. ( ) 4 x y 4. ( ) 5 3a + b 5. ( ) 6 x y 6. ( ) 7 1.8 Chapter Review
47 Divide using long division. 7. ( x 5 x 3 + x 4) ( x + x ) 8. ( 5y + y 5 + 5) ( y + 5 + y ) 1.8 Chapter Review
48 9. ( a 5 + b 5 ) ( a + b) 30. ( x 6 y 6 ) ( x y ) 1.8 Chapter Review
49 Use scientific notation to evaluate. Write your answer in scientific notation and standard notation. 0,000 5,000,000 0.00 000 000 4 16,000,000,000 0.00 000 3 31. ( )( )( ) ( )( ) 3. (,000,000 )( 0.00 000004) Simplify. 33. 1 1 1 ( ) 1 x + x + ( x + 3) 3 4 3 34. 0.01( y + 0.3) 0.1( 0.3y 0.04) 0.( y ) 1.8 Chapter Review
50 Simplify. Your final answer should contain no zero or negative exponents. 1 1 3 3 4 5y 3 3 35. a b ( a b ) 0 0 1 4 3 3y 3 1 36. x y ( x y ) 37. 0. 0. xy x y 1 1 38. 0.1a b 0.3 a b 3 3 1 1.8 Chapter Review
51 Use special products to multiply. 1 1 1 1 39. ( x y ) + z ( x y ) z 3 3 3 1 3 1 4 4 40. a ( b c) a + ( b c ) 41. 0.4( a + 1) 0.0b 0.4( a + 1) + 0.0b 4. 0.1 y 0.01 ( x + ) 0.1 y + 0.01 ( x + ) 1.8 Chapter Review
5 43. 3 1 1 x y + 4 5 44. 1 1 1 a d 3 + 4 45. 0.1( a 1) + 0.b 46. ( ) 0. x + 1 0.1y 1.8 Chapter Review
53 47. 1 1 x + y 3 3 48. 1 1 a b 4 3 49. ( 0.a 0.3b) 3 50. ( 0.1x + 0.y ) 3 1.8 Chapter Review
54 Expand using either Pascal s Triangle or the Binomial Theorem. 51. 1 1 x + y 3 5 5. 1 1 a b 3 4 0.1x 0.y 53. ( ) 6 0.3a + 0.1b 54. ( ) 5 1.8 Chapter Review