What is Matter? Matter: A substance that has mass and volume (takes up space). http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/indianajennette2112003807/threestatesofmatter.jpg Matter is Made up of Atoms Center is the nucleus: contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge) Electrons (negative charge) orbit the outside of the nucleus Atom The smallest basic unit of matter Atoms are extremely small. 1 tsp of water = 500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms 5 x 10 23 500 sextillion Atoms are neutral (no charge) http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/atom.jpg 1
Molecules are made up of more than one atom. (they can be the same or different types) Molecules PHASES OF MATTER Matter can exist as 4 different phases or states. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma All living and non-living things are made of matter! http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/icy_ecosystems/sci_media/water_molecule/21463-1-eng-nz/water_molecule_full_size_landscape.jpg States of Matter SOLID Atoms vibrate, has a definite volume, and a definite shape. Examples: Rocks Desk Apple http://www.plasmas.org/e-4phases2.jpg http://www.sissa.it/main/_graphics/_pictures/condensed_matter.jpg 2
Atoms are flowing, has a definite volume, but no definite shape. Water Blood Milk LIQUID GAS Atoms spaced and move independently, has no definite volume, and no definite shape. Air (mixture of different gases) Water Vapor (water in http://www.escuela2.es/sciencenglish/sciencenglish/treasures/states%20of%20matter/gas.jpg a gas form) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dorlingkindersleyuk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/sci_matter/image_sci_matter003.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dorlingkindersleyuk.co.uk/nf/clipart/image/0,,239037_1584204_,00.html&usg= SiwazOIZ4_Mg5Vcx7G6lfHt6vBM=&h=298&w=464&sz=25&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=L7Ovg fvaapf6gm:&tbnh=82&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3fq%3dliquid%2bstate%2bof%2bmatter%26gbv%3d2%26hl%3den Plasma Extremely hot temperatures Atoms have lost or gained electrons; which gives them a charge and makes them ions Sun and Stars are in a plasma state WAYS TO MEASURE MATTER Mass the amount of matter in an object. Measured in grams (g) and kilograms (kg) Volume The amount of space an object takes up. Liquids: measured in milliliters (ml) and liters (L) Solids: measured in cm 3 1mL=1cm 3 http://www.aplasmasolution.com/sun.jpg http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/plasma_gb.gif 3
Is There a Difference between Mass and Weight? YES!!! Mass: the amount of matter in an object. When you measure mass you are comparing a standard unit amount to the item. The standard unit used to measure mass is kg and g Weight: the amount of gravitational pull acting on an object Spring scale (measuring Newtons) and pounds Example of Mass and Weight Difference If you are on Earth and then on the Moon your mass would measure the same. Your weight would change because the gravitational pull is different in the two locations Earth Mass same Weight larger Moon Mass same Weight smaller Remember IFSMU I: Identify Variables F: Formula S: Substitute variables (# s) into formula M: Do the math U: Add the correct units. IF SMU (If you) do your math problems this way you will get points IF SMU don t you won t Volume Measurements Volume Formula Volume= length width height (V=lwh) Example: A box has the length of 40 cm, width of 3 cm, and the height of 2 cm. Find the volume 4
Volume Identify (I): l=40cm, w=3cm, h= 2cm,v=? Formula (F):V=lwh Substitute (S):V=(40cm)(3cm)(2cm) Math (M):V=240 Units (U): Volume= 240 cm 3 Volume by Displacement ( Works with objects that fit into your measuring container) 1. Add water to a graduated cylinder 2. Write down the initial volume in ml 3. Submerge irregular shaped object into cylinder 4. Measure new water level in ml 5. Subtract the initial water level (smaller #) from the final water level (larger #) 6. Convert ml to cm 3 1mL=1cm 3 CHANGES IN MATTER Matter will change phases when heat is added or lost. These changes are physical changes Melting: solid to a liquid (heat is added) Sublimation: solid to a gas (heat is added) Deposition: gas to a solid (heat is lost) Freezing: liquid to a solid (heat is lost) Condensation: gas to a liquid (heat is lost) Ionization: gas to plasma (extreme heat is added) 5