Botany Study of Plant Life Bonnie Pavlak, CPH
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The Plant Cell
The Plant Cell What 2 features of a plant cell are not found in an animal cell? Cell Wall Chloroplasts
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO 2 + H 2 0 + LIGHT = SUGAR + OXYGEN OCCURS IN THE CHLOROPLAST
RESPIRATION Sugar + O 2 = CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA Do animals respire? Plants?
TRANSPIRATION WATER VAPOR EVAPORATES FROM THE STOMATA THIS PULLS THE WATER AND MINERALS UP FROM THE ROOTS EVAPORATION ALSO COOLS THE PLANT GAS EXCHANGE O 2 CO 2
Minerals in Soil N P K Ca Mg S B Cu Fe Na Cl Mn Mo Zn Si
STOMA (pl. stomata) Pore on under side of Leaf Guard Cells Open & Close Transpiration Pulls Water Up from roots
Categorizing Plants by Length of Life Name Definition Examples Annual Biennial Perennial Lives for one growing season Lives for two growing seasons Survives for many growing seasons Sunflower, Verbena, Zinnia, Petunia, Coleus Carrot, Onion, Hollyhock, Foxglove Coneflower, Daylilies, Hosta, Peonies
TAXONOMY - classification Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista - Algae Kingdom Monera - Bacteria Kingdom Animalia
PLANT KINGDOM Mosses & Liverworts Horsetails Club Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocots Dicots
Mosses & Liverworts No circulatory system
Horsetails Scouring Rush
Club Mosses Lycopodium Spores used as flash powder
This image cannot currently be displayed. Ferns Sorus(i) (spore case) Fiddleheads
GYMNOSPERMS Vascular Tissue Seeds Cones (Conifers) No Flowers Examples: Cycads Ginkgo Conifers
CYCADS Primitive Seed Plant Cone Bearing Mesozoic Era 200 million years ago Subtropical Looks like a palm Called Sago Palm Not a palm
GINKGO Ginkgo biloba Living Fossil 270 million years ago Thought extinct Survived in Chinese temple gardens May live 3,000 years
CONIFERS
ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOTS & DICOTS COTYLEDON SEED LEAF
LATIN BINOMIALS Carl Linnaeus - 2 Names Genus (capitalized) specific epithet (never capitalized) Acer rubrum (Italics) Salix babylonica L. (Underline) Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis (variety) Thornless Common Honeylocust naturally occurring Cultivar intentionally cultivated
SEEDS
THE LEAF Monocot Parallel Veins Dicot Net Veins
The Herbaceous Stem Scattered Vascular Bundles Ring of Vascular Bundles
Bamboo scattered vascular bundles
Woody Dicot Stem Monocots do not have woody stems
Vascular Tissue Xylem conducts Phloem conducts Cambium makes xylem towards the inside of the tree and makes phloem towards the outside of the tree Do Monocots have Cambium? Y N
The Flower
Pollination Male sex cell produced by the stamen Female sex cell produced by the ovary Ovary becomes Ovules becomes
Monocots have 3 or multiples of 3 Flower Parts Dicots have 2, 4 & 5 or multiples of 2,4 & 5 Flower Parts
Leaf Types
Palmately Compound Leaf
The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Leaf Arrangement Opposite Alternate Whorled
Cross Section of a Leaf
Differences Monocots Dicots Leaf Veins # Flower Parts # Cotyledons Vascular Bundles Have Cambium Y N
Review What are the 2 parts of the scientific Name? If the flowers in an orange orchard died in a heavy frost, would the trees produce fruit?
Plant Hormonesand Function Cytokinins Gibberellins Ethylene Abscisic Acid Auxin Growth Gravity Aging, Touch Dormancy, Closes Stoma Responds to Light
Apical Dominance - pruning Auxin, a hormone produced in the terminal bud inhibits lateral bud development until removed
Anatomy of a Twig terminal bud a bud that is at the tip of a stem or branch bud scale a small modified leaf on the outside of a bud lateral bud a bud that is situated along the sides of a branch and not at the tip lenticel a corky spot on the bark which originally permitted air to enter the twig
Twig Labels leaf scar the scar left on a twig when a leaf falls bud scale scar scar left on a twig when a bud scale falls bundle trace dot-like scars within a leaf scar (Xylem & Phloem) node the place on a twig where a leaf is attached internode the part of a twig between two nodes pith central, usually soft portion of a twig