R. ROSS BEATTIE SCIENCE CLASS KEY WORDS: Matter Solid, liquid, gas Pure substance Mixture Mechanical Mixture Solution Solute Solvent Dissolving Solubility Concentrated Diluted Saturated Unsaturated Can you tell the mechanical mixtures from the solutions in the pictures? Mixtures & Solutions T E S T C O M I N G S O O N! What is matter? Anything that has a mass and takes up space. What is a pure substance? Matter that contains only 1 type of particle What is a mixture? Matter that contains 2 or more types of particles, like tap water. What is a mechanical mixture? It's a mixture with different parts that you can see. A mechanical mixture is also called a heterogeneous mixture. Also called heterogeneous mixture What is a solution? Solutions are mixtures that look like a pure substance, like grape juice or shampoo. They contain more than one kind of particle but it looks like a pure substance. Also called homogeneous mixture.
PAGE 2 1. What is matter? 2. Give three examples of things that are made of matter. 3. Draw a diagram for each of the points of the Particle Theory. 4. What are the three states of matter? 5. What is a pure substance? Give three examples. 6. Is milk a pure substance or a mixture? Explain how you know. 7. a) Why should you not place used batteries in the regular garbage? b) How should you dispose of batteries? More 1. Describe a mechanical mixture. 2. Describe a solution. 3. Give two examples of a pure substance. 4. Give two examples of a mixture. 5. What is the difference between the arrangement of the different particles of a mechanical mixture and the arrangement of the different particles of a solution? 6. Identify each of the following as a mechanical mixture or a solution: a) stainless steel b) a granola bar c) clear apple juice d) an omelette e) soil from your backyard MIXTURES & SOLUTIONS
TEST COMING SOON! What is a solute? PAGE 3 Matter that is being dissolved into something to make a solution. What is a solvent? Matter that dissolves a solute. Like water that dissolves juice crystals to make juice. Examples of Solutions Liquid Gas The air you breath is Perfume s solvent is mostly nitrogen gas ethanol with some oxygen gas. Solid The ring s solvent is gold. The solutes are silver and copper. DON T FORGET THAT COPPER IS ADDED TO MAKE GOLD PINK, WHILE SILVER IS USED TO MAKE IT WHITE! Solid solutions are also called ALLOYS Solutes & Solutions in Your Body Some solutes found in your body are salt, sugars, oxygen and minerals. Some solutions found in your body are blood plasma, urine, sweat, and tears. Solutes in the Tap Water Iron, aluminum, salt, fluorine, calcium, magnesium and chlorine are all found in water. Gases from the air and minerals from rocks dissolve in the water. Pollutants from mining production, pesticide crop dusting, septic tanks, landfill dump, livestock waste are also in water.
What is water pollution? It includes any pure substance or mixture that contaminates the natural environment. Polluted water is a mixture of pure water and pollutants. Water is precious! 1. In your own words, define solute and solvent. 2. Ocean water is a solution. It contains about 96% water, 4% salt, and very small amounts of other salts and minerals. a) What is the solvent in ocean water? b) What are the solutes in ocean water? 3. a) List one solution that is a solid, one solution that is a liquid, and one solution that is a gas. b) For each solution, describe the solvent and the solute (s). 4. A sealed bottle of soda water contains carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water. When you open the bottle, the gas bubbles out of the solution. a) What is the solvent in soda water? How do you know? b) What is the solute? 5. How is water an important solvent in the body? 6. a) What is pollution? b) Name four ways that pollutants enter water.
PAGE 5 Dissolving & the Particle Theory As the sugar particles separate, the smaller water particles fit into the spaces between the larger sugar particles. Think of the sugar experiment. Not all solvents dissolve equally! Solubility If a solute dissolves in a particular solvent, it is SOLUBLE in that solvent. If a solute does not dissolve, it is INSOLUBLE. 1. Julia mixed 300mL of water with 100mL of sugar. She says "The total volume is 300mL + 100mL = 400mL". Do you agree with Julia? Explain why or why not. 2. Define the terms "soluble" and "insoluble". Give one example of each. 3. Drink crystals are a mixture of sugar, flavour particles, and colouring particles. They crystals dissolve in water. a) What is the solute in this solution? What is the solvent? b) What happens to the different particles as the crystals dis solve in water particles? MIXTURES & SOLUTIONS
TEST COMING SOON! PAGE 6 Concentration & Solubility Which punch is the most concentrated? Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions What would happen if you continued to add drink powder to the glass of fruit punch? A saturated solution is a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved. An unsaturated solution is a solution that still has room for more solute to dissolve.
PAGE 7 1. Define each of the following terms in your own words: a) concentrated solution b) dilute solution c) saturated solution d) unsaturated solution e) solubility 2. How are the terms "solubility" and "saturated" similar? How are they different? 3. What is the important difference between how concentration and solubility are measured? 4. Which solute is more soluble: sugar or salt? Variables in an Experiment The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist (or person conducting the experiment). For our sugar experiment, we changed the type of solvent. The dependent variable is the outcome, which is cased by and depends on the value of the independent variable. Again, for our sugar experiment, we wanted to find out if sugar dissolved equally in all solvents. The controlled variables are quantities that you want to remain constant to observe the dependent variable. For example, if we put different amounts of solvent for the sugar experiment, our results would not have been accurate. The test would have been an unfair one. MIXTURES & SOLUTIONS