Asin Journl of Agriulturl Sins 4(2): 117-121, 212 ISSN: 241-389 Mxwll Sintifi Orgniztion, 212 Sumitt: Novmr 21, 211 Apt: Dmr 27, 211 Pulish: Mrh 26, 212 Efft of Slinity Strss on S Grmintion Cthrnthus rosus Don. Cvs. Ros n Al Zhr Rz, Mhrngiz Chhrzi n Norollh Molmi Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, Fulty of Agriultur, Shhi Chmrn Univrsity of Ahvz, Irn Astrt: This xprimnt ws rri out iming to trmin th Cthrnthus rosus Don rsistn ginst slinity, u to th inrsing slinity of soil, n th importn of this plnt s n ornmntl flowr, s wll s th littl informtion vill on its tolrn ginst slinity uring th grmintion prio. In orr to n xprimnt ws onut in rnomiz ompltly sign ftoril. Soium hlori ws us for inu slinity strss. Ths ftors inlu ultivr n slinity lvls with Eltril Conutivity (EC) of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, n 1 S/m. Th rsults of vrin nlysis show tht slinity fft t lvl 1% on th grmintion prntg, grmintion rt, ril n plumul lngth, sling wt n ry wight n rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth wr signifint n thy wr ru. Whil th ultivr n intrtion of ultivr n slinity trtmnts wr non signifint. Aoring to th rsults, rspons of two ultivrs to th slinity ws th sm n thr ws no iffrn twn thm. Ky wors: Cthrnthus rosus Don, grmintion, slinity strss, soium hlori INTRODUCTION Mgsr priwinkl (Cthrnthus rosus Don.) is n ornmntl, mil plnt longing to th Apoyn fmily. This fmily ontins 114 gnr n 46 spis tht most of thm r oth ornmntl with mil vlu (Simpson, 26). Mgsr priwinkl is wrm sson, prnnil, ol-snsitiv plnt whih oul prsrv givn its propr onitions. It oul plnt s mrginl flowr in grns uring spring n in utumn it woul prish u to th ol wthr. It hs xtn, llipsoi, glossy, rk-grn olor lvs n its vins r light olor whih is hlpful in its intifition. Th flowrs hv fiv ptls with pink, whit, r, n purpl olors (Ghsmi Ghhsr n Kfi, 29). In hortiultur it is onsir s n nnul plnt (Khlighi, 28). Thr iffrnt ultivrs of this flowr r isrimint y thir olors inluing Ros with pink flowrs, Al with whit flowrs n th thir on hs whit flowrs with pink or yllow rings (Kmoj, 2). Mgsr priwinkl is known s mil plnt whih ontins numr of trpnoi inol lklois with mor thn 13 sprt n intifi ompouns (Vn r hjn t l., 24). It is tgoriz s glyophyt plnt (Jll t l., 27). Grmintion is on th most snsitiv stgs of its growth yl, sin this stg plys mjor rol in trmining th plnt s finl nsity. During slinity n moistur strsss onitions, plnt s grmintion fft on trmining th plnt s finl nsity is of utmost importnt (Hmpson t l., 199). Th high slt onntrtion in soil my imp th grmintion; ss grmint whnvr th propr tmprtur n soil onitions r stlish (Ungr, 1996). Hlophyt n non-hlophyt plnts ss in it similr rsponss to slinity strss; inluing lys in primry grmintion pross y this strss (Almnsouri, 21). Th fft of soium hlori on s grmintion is u to osmoti ffts n/or ions toxiity (To, 24). In hlophyts, th rs in grmintion usully is u to osmoti ffts whil this hppns u to ion toxiity in non-hlophyts (Bjji, 22). Rsrhs show tht thr is lin in grmintion prntg of Al n Ros ultivrs of Mgsr priwinkl s th slinity inrss, in suh wy tht thr is lrg rs in grmintion t 6 mm of slt onntrtion whih is mor signifint in Ros ultivr. Also y inrsing slinity intnsity, th lngth of ril n plumul rss (Griv n Munns, 198). In n invstigtion on Bogol vrity of Mtriri hmomill L. grmintion it ws osrv tht inrsing th mount of slinity, th grmintion prntg signifintly rss, s in 2 n 2 mm onntrtions, th grmintion ws rs to 29 n 17%, rsptivly (Zht Slmsi, 28). Inrsing th slinity lvl rss th grmintion prntg in vlrin n umin plnts. As for vlrin, th grmintion prntg rs y 67.91% in 1 m M slinity trtmnt in omprison with th ontrol trtmnt. Th grmintion for umin gnotyps (Mshh, Sryn n Tort - Jm ) in it Corrsponing Author: Zhr Rz, Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, Fulty of Agriultur, Shhi Chmrn Univrsity of Ahvz, Irn 117
Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): 117-121, 212 Tl 1. Vrin nlysis of proprtis unr slinity strss in Cthrnthus rosus Don Mn squr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wt Dry Lngth of Grmintion Grmintion Plumul wight of wight of plumul Sour.f prntg rt lngth sling sling to ril Cultivr 1 1.7781 ns.1 ns.39 ns.1 ns. ns.33 ns Slinity 634.311** 413.971** 3.37**.37**.1** 11.91** Cultivr Slinity 7.911 ns.119 ns.8 ns.1 ns. ns.8 ns Error 24 16.667 1.222.24.2.12. ns (%)C.V.88 8.21.28 6.1 13.1 16.1 8.2 **. Signifint in lvl %1; ns: non signifint rsptivly rss y 1, 9.24, n 93.94% in 2 mm of soium hlori trtmnt (Slmi t l., 2). Th fft of iffrnt slinity lvls us y soium hlori on grmintion prntg, ril n plumul lngths, n grmintion rt ws invstigt n it ws foun tht soium hlori rss th xmin hrtristis (Tjkhsh, 2). This xprimnt ws rri out iming to trmin th Mgsr priwinkl s rsistn ginst slinity, onsiring th slin soil of th Khuzstn rgion n th importn of this plnt s n ornmntl flowr, s wll s th littl informtion vill on its tolrn ginst slinity uring th grmintion prio. MATERIALS AND METHODS This xprimnt ws rri out s ftoril in form of rnomiz ompltly sign with thr rplitions, in orr to invstigt th fft of slinity strss us y soium hlori on grmintion omponnts of two ultivrs of Mgsr priwinkl flowr. Ths ftors inlu ultivr n slinity lvls with Eltril Conutivity (EC) of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, n 1 S/m. First, th ss wr isinft using soium hypohlorit for 1 min n thn wr wsh svrl tims with istill wtr. Aftr strilizing th ptri ishs n spifying th trtmnts, ss pl twn two shts of filtr pprs (striliz using utolv) wr put insi th ptri ishs, n ml of th solutions with th sir EC ws to h of thm. Thn th ptri ishs wr trnsfrr to th grmintor t 34±1ºC (Jll t l., 27). Th ss wr xmin ily n ss with notil rils wr ount s th grmint ss. At th xprimnt s lst y, th lngths of rils n plumuls wr msur. Also th grmintion prntg (Cmrto n M rty, 1999) n grmintion rt (Mguirw, 1962) wr lult using th following qutions: G %GP 1 N G: Th numr of grmint ss; N: Th totl numr of ss S GR i n 1 D i i Grmintion prntg (%) 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 1: Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion prntg of Mgsr priwinkl S i : Th numr of grmint ss in h ount; D i : Counting th numr of ys n; n: Frquny ounts. Sttistil nlysis: Th sttistil nlysis ws prform using th MSTATC softwr n th igrms wr rwn using th EXCEL softwr. Also, th Dunn s multipl rng tst ws ppli for th vrgs omprison t lvl of 1%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th rsults from th vrin nlysis Tl1 show tht th fft of ultivr n lso th intrtion of ultivr n slinity lvl on th grmintion prntg n grmintion rt, ril n plumul lngth, sling wt n ry wight n rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth wr not signifint, whil th slinity strss lvls h signifint fft on th hrtristis n wr signifint t th lvl of 1%. Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion prntg n grmintion rt: Figur 1 inits tht th iffrnt lvls of slinity strss us y soium hlori slt rs th grmintion prntg. Th mximum s grmintions ourr t th lvls of 1 (96%) n 2 (94.6%) S/m n ths two lvls h no signifint iffrn, th minimum grmintion is rlt to th 1 S/m lvl whih us signifint rs, sin th grmintion ropp from 96 to 13%. Th slinity uring grmintion prio imposs mgs to 118
Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): 117-121, 212 Grmintion (s in ys) 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 2: Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion rt of Mgsr priwinkl Plumul lngth (m) 6 4 3 2 1 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 3: Efft of slinity strss on th plumul lngth of Mgsr priwinkl ll mmrns, spilly to th ytoplsm mmrn, n onsquntly inrss th lls prmility u to rpling C + with N + whih ultimtly inrss th K + losss (Tkl, 2). Th rs grmintion prntg of plnts in ition to th osmosis fft whih rss sorption u to th ions spifi toxiity lso oul us y th nutrints sorption isorr (Pnuls t l., 1997). Th grmintion rt hs lso n influn y slinity strss, s y inrsing th mount of slinity, it rss. Figur 2 inits tht th mximum grmintion rt is rlt to th 1 S/m lvl (22.8) n th minimum hs ourr in th 1 S/m lvl (1.23). Hr, ll th slinity strss lvls show signifint iffrns with h othr t th lvl of 1%. Th rson for rs grmintion rt n grmintion prntg oul u to th xtnsiv prsn of nions n tions. This prsn, in ition to th inrs in toxiity, though solul in wtr, rss th wtr s potntil, so tht spit wtr prsn in th nvironmnt, plnts r unl to sor wtr n r f with sort of wtr fiit, sin th wtr s rtion pity is oupi y ions (Singh t l., 1988). Efft of slinity strss on th plumul n ril lngth: Slinity us rs in th plumul lngth. From Fig. 3 it oul osrv tht th slinity strss f Ril lngth (Cm) 1. 1.. 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m Nl) Fig. 4: Efft of slinity strss on th ril lngth of Mgsr priwinkl rss plumul lngth. Th mximum plumul lngth ourr in 1 n 2 S/m lvl n th minimum is rlt to th highst slinity lvl (1 S/m) whih rs from.9 to.3 m. All th slinity lvls show signifint iffrns t th lvl of 1%. Th slinity strss rs th ril lngth, ut th signifint iffrns r lowr thn th plumul lngth, tht is, th lngth of rils is lss influn y th slinity strss rthr thn th lngth of plumuls n hs lowr snsitivity to th slinity (Fig. 4). Th mximum ril lngths r rlt to th 1 S/m (1.4 m) n 2 S/m (1.36 m) slinity lvls n th minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m slinity lvl, lso thr is no signifint iffrn twn th 4 n 6 lvls. Plnts n osmoti justmnt n on wy to hiv osmoti justmnt is to form orgni sustns, suh s soritol, prolin, n glyin, within th tissus. Formtion of suh sustns onsums nrgy in plnts, n thrfor th onsum nrgy for osmoti justmnt rss th growth of plnt s ril orgns (Pnuls t l., 1997). Gnrlly, th rss in th grmintion n sling growth, u to th inrs in th nvironmnt s slt onntrtion, r us y physiohmil ffts or y osmoti-toxi slts whih xist in slin solutions. In ft, inrsing th osmoti prssur (mor ngtiv osmoti prssur) rsult from th inrs nvironmnt s slinity, on on hn isrupts th s hyrtion, n on th othr hn, th high onntrtions of nions n tions (spilly N + n ClG) in th nvironmnt imp th s grmintion y imposing toxiity in ss (Rji n Postini, 2). Efft of slinity strss on th sling wt n ry wight: As it oul osrv from Fig., th sling s wt wight rss s th slinity lvl inrss. Th mximum sling s wt wights long to th 1 n 2 S/m lvls with.67 n.64 g, rsptivly, whil th minimum ourr in th 1 S/m lvl with.7 g. Othr lvls lso h signifint iffrns with h othr. Th slinity oul influn th sling s ry wight n rs it. As it is shown in Fig. 6, th mximum ry wights r osrv in 1 S/m (.11 g) lvl n th 119
Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): 117-121, 212 Sing wt wight (gr).7.6..4.3.2.1 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Efft of slinity strss on rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth: Th rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth is fft y slinity n is rs s th slinity inrss. Figur 7 shows tht th mximum plumul lngth to ril lngth ours in th 1 S/m (4.26) n 2 S/m (4.21) lvls n th minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m (1.4) lvl. It is xpt tht uring slinity onitions, th rtio of ril orgns to root woul rs n it is rport through mny sours (Flowrs t l., 1977). Fig. : Efft of slinity strss on th wt wight of sling of Mgsr priwinkl Sing ry wight (gr).12.1.8.6.4.2 1 2 4 6 8 1 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 6: Efft of slinity strss on th ry wight of sling of Mgsr priwinkl Lngth of plumul to ril 4 3 2 1 1 2 4 6 8 Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 7: Efft of slinity strss on th rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth of Mgsr priwinkl minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m (.13 g) lvl. Othr lvls show signifint iffrns with h othr. It sms tht th ngtiv ffts of slinity on plnts r th rsult of rting osmoti potntil using slt in th plnt s growth nvironmnt. Thrfor, th root s lls r unl to sor wtr n for growth from th nvironmnt, thus th sorption of som wtr solul minrl sustns is limit whih limits th plnt s growth n vlopmnt u to th iffiultis in th mtolism. Som uthors liv tht mtolism prsnt ngtiv ffts us of ion umultion rsult from mmrn prmility (Griv n Fujiym, 1987). 1 REFERENCES Almnsouri, M., J.M. Kint n S. Lutts, 21. Efft of slt n osmoti strsss on grmintion in urum wht (Tritium urum sf). Plnt Soil, 231: 243-24. Bjji, M., J.M. Kint n S. Lutts, 22. Osmoti n ioni ffts of NCl on grmintion, rly sling growth n ion ontnt of Atriplx hlimus (Chnopoi). Cn. J. Bot., 8: 297 34. Cmrto, J. n B. M rty, 1999. Irrigtion wtr qulity: prt I. Slinity. South Crolin Turfgrss Fountion Nw, 6(2): 6-8. Flowrs, T.J., P.F. Trok n A.R. Yo, 1977. Th mhnism of slt tolrn in hlophyts. Annu. Rv. Plnt Physiol., 28: 89-12. Ghsmi Ghhsr, M. n M. Kfi, 29. Floriultur Sintifi n prti Pulitions Son, Author, pp: 2. Griv, C.M. n R. Munns, 198. Mhnisms of slt tolrn in nonhlophyt. Ann. Rv. Plnt Physiol., 31: 149-19. Griv, C.M. n H. Fujiym, 1987. Th rspons of two ri ulivr to xtrnl N/C rtio. Plnt Soil, 13: 24-2. Hmpson, C.R. n G.M. Simposon, 199. Efft of tmprtur, slt n osmoti potntil on rly growth of wht. A. Erly sling growth. Cn. J. Bo., 68: 24-28. Jll, C.A., R. Gopi, B. Snkr, P. Mnivnnn, A. Kishorkumr, R. Srihrn n R. Pnnrslvm, 27. Stuis on grmintion, sling vigour, lipi proxition n prolin mtolism in Cthrnthus rosus slings unr slt strss. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73: 19-19. Kmoj, V.P., 2. Hrl miin. Curr. Si., 78: 3-38. Khlighi, A., 28. Growing of Ornmntl Plnts in Irn. Pulitions Rozhn, Thrn, pp: 14. Mguirw, I.D., 1962. Sp of grmintion-i in sltion n vlution for sling mrgn n vigor. Crop Si., 2: 176-177. 12
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