Happy Mon./Tues.! 2/24 & 2/25 Bell Work Today Answer questions 7-10 from Analyzing Aminoacid Sequences p. 47 in notebook Today in class: Transformation Video & Questions (turn in at the end of class) All make-up work due Friday, 2/28 - this is work from last week Update notebook through page 47 Quiz Friday study notes
Happy Wednesday! Bell work Week 8 Goes on page 49 Write four statements related to information presented in the video. 1.2.3.4. TOC Update 46 Analyzing Amino-Acid Sequences 2/21 47 Second Page Questions 2/21 48 Video Questions 2/24 & 2/25 49 Bell Work Week 8 2/26 50 How Fossils Show Change 2/26 51 Horse Fossil Comparison 2/26 52 Evolution of the Horse 2/26 Today in class: 1. Review Amino acid sequence 2. Popplett/WOD - 80 points 3. Horse Fossil Evolution - Finish as HW if needed 4. Update NB
Happy Thursday! 2/27 Bell Work Week 8 restate or copy 1. How many millimeters are in 3.7 cm? 2. Which horse has less bones in its foot? Use yesterday s work. 3. Name another animal you think has probably changed over time and may have a fossil record to prove it. 4. Selection for traits may be natural or, typically promoted by man.
TOC 53 Notes Adaptations/Evolution 2/27
toad Adaptation: an anatomical, physiological or behavioral change that improves a population s ability to survive and reproduce A. Weinberg
Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild? A. Weinberg Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.
Think about the way you dress in the winter. You don t wear your shorts and bathing suit when it s snowing outside! You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a hat and mittens to protect yourself from the weather. A. Weinberg
And what if you are having a snowball fight? You probably run away from the person throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak up on that person and throw some snowballs! A. Weinberg
The way you dress in the winter, as well as the way that you run and hide from someone throwing snow at you are kinds of Adaptations. A. Weinberg
We can separate adaptations into two categories: A A. Weinberg D A P T A T I O N S AND Physical Behavioral
Physical adaptations are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. A. Weinberg A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that? A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I m the Monarch! A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays) A. Weinberg
Physical adaptations Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) The elephant s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up. A. Weinberg
Now let s learn about Behavioral Adaptations Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs. A. Weinberg
Behavioral Adaptations are animals actions. Remember that Physical Adaptations are body structures. Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions. A. Weinberg
We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups: Instinctive Learned These behaviors happen naturally & don t have to be learned. These behaviors must be taught. A. Weinberg
Instinctive behaviors = happen naturally & don t need to be learned Methods of gathering & storing food Defending oneself Hibernating Finding shelter Raising young Migrating A. Weinberg
Learned behaviors = Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. A. Weinberg
In this lesson, we have learned about animal adaptations. There are 2 ways to describe adaptations: Physical and Behavioral A. Weinberg
Physical adaptations are body structures. Some examples of physical adaptations are: Camouflage Mimicry Chemical defenses Body coverings & parts A. Weinberg
Behavioral Adaptations are animals actions. Behavioral Adaptations can be Instinctive or Learned. A. Weinberg
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Sailed around the world 1831-1836
2. What did Darwin s Travels reveal The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone had previously known!! These observations led him to develop the theory of evolution!!
3.How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos? Each island had its own type of tortoises and birds that were clearly different from other islands
Galapagos Turtles
4. Evolution is when organisms change over time. So, modern organisms descended from ancient ones
5. Geologists: Hutton and Lyell Fundamentalists said that the earth was around 6000 years old Hutton and Lyell argued that the earth is many millions of years old b/c layers of rock take time to form processes such as volcanoes and earthquakes shaped the earth and still occur today
6. Lamark Theory of acquired characteristics Lamark said organisms acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways These new characteristics were passed to offspring Lamark was totally wrong!
7. Malthus Reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone
8. Darwin finally published his ideas in 1859 Other naturalists were developing the same theory that Darwin did. Even though he was afraid of the Church s reaction to his book he wanted to get credit for his work. ( Trip was 1831-1836 )
9. Artificial Selection nature provides variation, humans select variations that are useful. Example - a farmer breeds only his best livestock
10. Natural Selection The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment are selected in natural selection
11. Natural Selection and Species Fitness Overtime, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness (survival rate)
Descent with Modification Each living species has descended with changes from other species over time
Summary of Darwin s Theory 1. Organisms differ; variation is inherited 2. Organisms produce more offspring than survive 3. Organisms compete for resources 4. Organisms with advantages survive to pass those advantages to their children 5. Species alive today are descended with modifications from common ancestors
13. Evidence of Evolution 1. Fossil Record 2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species 3. Homologous Body structures 4. Similarities in Embryology 5. Biochemical Make-up
Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record provides evidence that living things have evolved Fossils show the history of life on earth and how different groups of organisms have changed over time
Relative vs. Absolute Dating
Relative Dating Can determine a fossil s relative age Performed by estimating fossil age compared with that of other fossils Drawbacks provides no info about age in years
Absolute dating Can determine the absolute age in numbers Is performed by radioactive dating based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes remain Drawbacks - part of the fossil is destroyed during the test
Carbon-14 Dating
Fossil Formation SG
Primate Bone structure
13. Evidence of Evolution 2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species Similar animals in different locations were the product of different lines of descent
13. Evidence of Evolution Homologous Body Structures Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues Turtle Alligator Bird e.g. Wing of bat, human arm, leg of turtle
Homologous Body Structures
Vestigial Organs traces of homologous organs in other species Organ that serves no useful function e.g. Appendix
13. Evidence of Evolution Similarities in Embryology In their early stages of development, chickens, turtles and rats look similar, providing evidence that they shared a common ancestry.
Embryological development