Ollizlet Population Ecology Chapter 4 Study onkne al quizlet. con)/_3qcp7 1. abiotic a nonliving part of an ecosystem 24. niche organism's role, or job, in its habitat factor 2. age structure 3. biosphere i. b i o t i c f a c t o r describes the relative numbers of organism of each age within a population part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere any living part of an environment 25. organism 26. population 27. population density a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independentiy group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area describes the nvunber of individuals within a population per unit area maximum ability to produce ofi&pring in ideal 2S. population describes how organisms are arranged vnthin conditions distribution carrying capacity community the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resotirces (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other 29. population dynamics 30. population the stuify of changes in birth rate, death rate, and migration that affect the total number of organisms in a given ecosystem describes the number of individual organism present in a given population at a given time limiting factors whose influence changes with population density 31. resource an3^ing an organism needs, including nutrients, shelter, breeding sites, and mates e. densityindependent actor 10 ecology limiting factors whose influence is not affected by population density thestudy of how organisms interact with each other and vnth their environments 3 2. s e x r a t i o 33. species 34. survivorship a populations proportion of males to females group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring graph that shows tiie likelihood of death at various ages n. ecosystem a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment 12. emigration departure of individuals from a given area 13. environment the circumstances or conditions that surroimd an organism or group of organisms as well as die complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community 14. exponential growth population increases by a fixed percentage each year 15. generation time average time between one generation of offspring and &e next 16. gestation the period of development of a mammal, from time fertilization until birth 1?. habitat the place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives 18. immigration arrival of individuals from outside a given ai^ 19. limiting factor 20. logistic growth an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing describes how a populations initial exponential increase is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors z-i. migration seasonal movement into and out of an area 22. mortality death rate 23. natality birfli rate
2. How did Ernst Haeckel define ecology in 1866? 3. is the study of how organisms interact with each other with their environments. 4. List the levels of organization from SMALLEST to LAR&EST; a. b. c. d. e. 5. B i o t i c f a c t o r s a r e p a r t s o f a n e c o s y s t e m. 6. Abioltic factors are parts of an ecosystem that have been 7. How are decaying organisms identified? Abiotic or biotic? Explain 8. i s t h e s p e c i fi c e n v i r o n m e n t i n w h i c h a n organism lives. 9. Habitats provide an organism with resources in needs to survive and reproduce. List 3 examples: a. b.
Lesson 4.2 Describing Populotions 10. From 1900 to 2000, the white-tail deer population in the state of N e w Y o r k g r e w f r o m t o. 1 1. i s t h e n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l s i n a population at a given time. 12. What can a sudden and dramatic decrease in population indicate? 13. Ecologists often use estimate population size. 1 4. i s a m e a s u r e o f h o w a population is. 1 5. o r g a n i s m s g e n e r a l l y h a v e population densities. 16. Low population density: a. More b. More c. Fewer 17. High population density: a. More b. M o r e ( s o f e w e r r e s o u r c e s ) c. More d. More 2
1 8. P o p u l a t i o n d i s t r i b u t i o n i s h o w a r e within an area. 19. Sketch and describe each type of population distribution: a. Random Distribution - b. Uniform Distributionc. Clumped Distribution- 3
20. diagrams give information about sex ratios. Age Structure Diagrams K P r e - r e p r o d u c t l v e a g e R e p r o d u c t i v e a g e I - P o s t - r e p r o d u c t i v e a g o Male Female Male Female Male Female M o s t l y y o u n g (growing) M i x o f y o u n g a n d o l d M o s t l y o l d ( s t a b l e ) ( d e c l i n i n g ) a. The relative number of organism of each age group within a p o p u l a t i o n i s a n d i a g r a m. b. Age structure diagrams can be used to predict 21. The proportion of males to females in a population is called a ratio, a. The ideal sex ratio in a monogamous species is Lesson 4.3 Population Growth 22. From 1800 to today, the human population has grown from 1,000,000,000 to
23. A populations relative and rates affect how it grows. a. Natality means _ b. Mortality means. 24. curve show how the likelihood of death varies with age. Survivorship Curves Young Age O l d 2 5. i s t h e m o v e m e n t o f a p o p u l a t i o n INTO an area. 2 6. i s t h e m o v e m e n t o f a p o p u l a t i o n OUT of an area, 2 7. i s t h e m o v e m e n t o f a p o p u l a t i o n INTO and OUT of an area SEASONALLY. 28. Write the equation for calculating population growth: 29. Growing populations have a (positive answer) 5 growth rate
3 0. S h r i n k i n g p o p u l a t i o n s h a v e a g r o w t h rate (negative answer) 31. How many immigrants account for the US population increase every year? 3 2. g r o w t h i s w h e n t h e p o p u l a t i o n increases by a fixed percentage every year. 33. Sketch and label EXPONENTIAL erowth below; a. Normally occurs when populations are introduced to an area with IDEAL environmental conditions. b. l a s t s l o n g. Population growth almost always slows and stops due to. Write 5 examples below; 3 5. i s t h e m a x i m u m population size that can be supported by the available resources. 3 6. D e n s i t y l i m i t i n g f a c t o r s i n fl u e n c e change with population density.
3 7. D e n s i t y l i m i t i n g f a c t o r s i n fl u e n c e d o NOT change with population density. 3 8. p o t e n t i a l i s a n o r g a n i s m ' s m a x i m u m a b i l i t y t o p r o d u c e i n i d e a l conditions. Influenced by: a. t i m e - p e r i o d o f d e v e l o p m e n t f r o m fertilization to birth. b. time-average time between one generation of off-spring to the next. 3 9. O r g a n i s m s w i t h b i o t i c p o t e n t i a l c a n r e c o v e r m o r e f r o m p o p u l a t i o n d e c l i n e s t h a n o r g a n i s m w i t h b i o t i c p o t e n t i a l. 7