Physics formulae: Unit P1 (GCSE Science ( Core Science )): The relationship between wave speed, frequency and wavelength: wave speed (metre/second, m/s) = frequency (hertz, Hz) x wavelength (metre, m) The relationship between wave speed, distance and time: wave speed (metre/second, m/s) = distance (metre, m) / time (second, s) The relationship between electric power, current and potential difference: electrical power (watt, W) = current (ampere, amp, A) x potential difference (volt, V) Calculating the cost of efficiency: cost = power (kilowatts, kw) x time (hour, h) x cost of 1 kilowatt-hour (kw h) The relationship between power, energy and time: power (watt, W) = energy used (joule, J) / time taken (second, s) The term efficiency calculated from:
Unit P2 (GCSE Additional Science): The relationship between electric charge, current and time: charge (coulomb, C) = current (ampere, amp, A) x time (second, s) The relationship between voltage, current and resistance (Ohm s Law): potential difference (volt, V) = current (ampere, amp, A) x resistance (ohm, Ω) The relationship between power, current and voltage: electrical power (watt, W) = current (ampere, amp, A) x potential difference (volt, V) Calculate electrical energy: Energy transferred (joule, J) = current (ampere, amp, A) x potential difference (volt, V) x time (second, s) Calculate speed: speed (m/s) = distance (m) / time (s) Calculate acceleration: acceleration (metre per second squared, m/s 2 ) = change in velocity (metre per second, m/s) / time taken (second, s) The relationship between force, mass and acceleration (Newton s Second Law): force (newton, N) = mass (kilogram, kg) x acceleration (metre per second squared, m/s 2 ) The relationship between mass, weight and gravitational field strength: weight (newton, N) = mass (kilogram, kg) x gravitational field strength (newton per kilogram, N/kg = m/s 2 )
The relationship between momentum, mass and velocity: momentum (kilogram metre per second, kg m/s) = mass (kilogram, kg) x velocity (metre per second, m/s) Calculate the momentum conservation for a two-body collision (in one dimension only): force (newton, N) = change In momentum (kilogram metre per second, kg m/s) / time (second, s) Note: v= end velocity, u = initial velocity The relationship between work done, force and distance: work done (joule, J) = force (newton, N) x distance moved in the direction of the force (metre, m) The relationship between power, work done and time taken: power (watt, W) = work done (joule, J) / time taken (second, s) Calculate gravitational potential energy: gravitational potential energy (joule, J) = mass (kilogram, kg) x gravitational field strength (newton per kilogram, N/kg = m/s 2 ) x vertical height (metre, m) Calculate kinetic energy: kinetic energy (joule, J) = ½ x mass (kilogram, kg) x velocity 2 ((metre per second) 2, (m/s) 2 )
Unit P3 (Physics GCSE (Triple Award)) Calculate intensity of radiation: intensity = power of incident radiation / area The relationship between the power of a lens and its focal length: power of lens (dioptre, D) = 1 / focal length (metre, m) The relationship between focal length, object distance and image distance: (f = focal length (m), u = object distance (m), v = image distance (m)) The relationship between current, number of particles and the charge on each particle: current (ampere, amp, A) == number of particles per second (1/second, 1/s) x charge on each particle (coulomb, C) Calculate kinetic energy of electrons in a potential difference: kinetic energy (joule, J) = charge on the electron (coulomb, C) x accelerating potential difference (volt, V) Calculate frequency: frequency (hertz, Hz) = 1 / time period (second, s) The relationship between temperature and volume for a gas: The relationship between volume and pressure for a gas (Boyle s Law):
The relationship between the volume, pressure and temperature for a gas: initial pressure (pascal, Pa) x initial volume (metre 3, m 3 ) / initial temperature (Kelvin, K) = final pressure (pascal, Pa) x final volume (metre 3, m 3 ) / final temperature (Kelvin, K) Other formulae: Transformer equation: V s = voltage in the secondary winding, V p = voltage in the primary winding, N s = number of turns in the secondary winding, N p = number of turns in the primary winding.